International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 01 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Compensation of Voltage Sag

Mr. Rajesh Fale1, Prof. U. B. Vaidya2, Mr. P. D. Kamdi3
1Student Scholar IEI Kolkata
2Project Guide IEI Kolkata
3Prof. DMIETR Wardha

---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Superiority of the output power delivered from
the utilities has become a major concern of the modern Injection Transformer
industries for the last decade. The rise of voltage-sensitive 3 phase Vinj
AC
load equipment has made industrial processes much more Sensitive Load
vulnerable to deprivation in the quality of power supply.
Zs
Voltage variations, often in the form of voltage sags and 3 phase
fault
swells, can cause rigorous process disturbances and result in Vdvr
Vs
significant financial loss. The custom power devices which
uses the power electronic devices, is one of the method by
which power quality problems might be compensate. Among
the numerous norm power devices, the dynamic voltage Voltage
Control Modulation Filter
restorer (DVR) for use in distribution systems is a recent source
innovation. The mitigation capability of a DVR depends System
Inverter
initially on the maximum voltage injection ability and within
the restorer the amount of stored energy existing. In this
paper a presage compensation control scheme is used to DVR
increase the voltage renovation property of the device. Using
this novel method it can be shown that the disturbances Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of DVR
occurred in the system can be corrected with less amount of
storage energy. Modelling of proposed method is
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of DVR for distribution
implemented in MATLAB SOFTWARE.
system. In the figure Vs is source voltage, VDVR is the series
injected voltage of DVR. The restorer consists of an injection
Keywords: Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), maximum
transformer, the secondary winding of transformer
voltage injection, Phase advanced compensation (PAC).
connected in series with the distribution line, to the primary
winding of the injection transformer a VSC is connected
INTRODUCTION through the filter and an energy storage device connected at
with it. The inverter bridge output is filtered in order to
Reliable customer power device is dynamic voltage restorer compensate the switching frequency harmonics generated in
(DVR) used to tackle the voltage sag, swell problem. It is a the inverter [3] [1].
series connected norm power device, which is considered to
be a cost effective unusual when compared with other To correct larger faults DVR may need to increase active
available custom power devices to mitigate voltage sag and power. In this paper phase advanced compensation is used
swells. The main purpose of the DVR is to supervise the load to correct the voltage dips and swells. This method includes
voltage waveform constantly and if any sag occurs, or excess the new closed loop load voltage and inner loop current
voltage is absorbed from the load voltage. To reach the mode control. In this method the error voltage is given out
above functionality a reference voltage waveform and source by comparing the source and reference voltage which gives
voltage waveforms are similar in magnitude and phase angle. to the gain in the system. In phase advanced multi-loop
Thereby during any malformation of the voltage waveform it technique all three phase voltage are advanced by particular
can be analyzed by comparing the reference and the actual angle to minimize the quantity of supplied power by the
voltage waveforms. The main principle of DVR operation is DVR. This paper is therefore planned as follows: the propose
finding of voltage dips and inserting vanished voltage to the method PAC is described in section 2; the simulation of a
network. The series interconnection allows the DVR inserted control scheme for DVR operation is accessible in section 3;
voltage to be inserted to the utility source voltage. The the system parameters with their values shown in section 4;
amplitude and phase angles of the inserted three-phase the results based on simulation are shown in section 5 and
voltages can be varied, thereby permitting control of real and the effectiveness of the pro-posed DVR control systems are
reactive power exchanged between the DVR and the evaluated [1] [4].
distribution system [1] [2] [10].

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 770
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 01 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

PROPOSED METHOD CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN

There are Many injection methods for DVR as In-phase Another name for dq0 transformation is Park’s
compensation technique, pre-sag compensation technique, transformation. dq0 stand for direct- quadrature -zero
energy optimizing technique , phase advanced compensation transformation. In electrical engineering, to simplify the
technique uses for mitigate the voltage sags and swell. The study related to three-phase circuit this mathematical
pre-sag method tracks the supply voltage continuously and if transformation has been used. This method can be applied to
it detects any distraction in supply voltage it will inject the decrease the three AC quantities to two DC quantities. It
difference voltage between the sag or voltage at PCC and makes the calculation and simulation simpler. Basically this
pre-fault condition, hence the load voltage can be restored technique operates in such way that, it compares the
back to the pre-fault condition. In this method control of the reference voltage with the measured supply voltage. From
injected active power cannot be possible and it is the definition of voltage sag, the voltage sag is noticed when
determined by external conditions such as the type of faults the source voltage falls less than 90% of the reference value.
and load conditions [8][9]. Hence it creates the error signal which is used as a
modulation signal that permits to generate a commutation
Vdvr = Vprefault –Vsag (12) for the power electronic devices including the voltage source
converter. Then, commutation pattern is used by Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM). Thus, voltage can be controlled
via modulation. The control system services abc to dq0
transformation to dq0 voltages. In normal conditions, the
voltage will be constant and d-axis voltage is 1 pu and q-axis
voltage is 0 in pu, but when fault occurs these voltages
varies. By comparing d-axis voltage and q-axis voltage to
preferred voltage, errors are generated for d and q
respectively. These d-error and q-error components using
Fig.3. Pre-sag compensation method dq0 to abc transformation [12].
Fig. 2 Phasor Diagram of PAC 3-ph
PLL

 PLL

From this method it must be noticed that inserted reactive 

Vderror
and active powers might be obtained. Moreover, injected abc Vds -

PI
abc

PWM PWM
voltage phase and magnitude could be obtained using the Vabc (supply)
Vqs
+
Vqerror
Controller Generator Switching

dq0 dq0
subsequent equations: -
+

(1) abc Vdref

Vabc (ref)
Vqref

(2) dq0

(3)
Fig. 3 Block Diagram of Control strategy

SYSTEM PARAMETERS
(4)
Parameters Constant Values
(5) 3 phase Source 400V, 50Hz
Line Impedance R=0.01Ω, L= 0.75mH
The above equations express that if DVR have
to make VS and IL in phase via injecting voltage; though, if Sq. Cage Induction Motor 400V, 50Hz, 1440rpm
Pi is negative and active power may be set to
Injected Transformer Ratio 1:1
zero without adjusting to zero. In other words, voltage sag
is mitigated by reactive power. In this situation inserted
voltage is perpendicular to load current. Its value for zero RESULTS
power flow is calculating using Pi3 equation. As compared to
other injection techniques with PAC magnitude of inserted The simulation results for the Three phase voltage sag as
voltage is greater than that based on injection methods [6]. shown in fig 4 consisting plots of voltage after sag, plot of
injection voltage to compensate the voltage sag and plot of
voltage after injecting the voltage the fault has been removed

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 771
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 01 | Jan 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

in system will run in normal condition. As shown in fig 4.1, REFERENCES

plot of voltage sag which is occurred due to the 3 phase to
ground fault which occurred after 0.2 sec upto 0.4 sec after [1] Kalafala, A.K.; Bascunan, J.; Bell, D.D.; Blecher, L.; Murray,
that system continues to run. Hence here created the 20% F.S.; Parizh, M.B.; Sampson, M.W.; Wilcox, R.E.; “Micro
sag. To compensate this sag we have to inject the proper superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system for
voltage during the duration 0.2 sec to 0.4 sec as shown in fig protection of critical industrial and military loads
4.2. By injecting the voltage the system will continues to run “Magnetics, IEEE Transactions, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, Jul 1996
in proper manner and in this way by using this control Page(s):2276-2279.
strategy voltage sag mitigated.
[2]Mahmoud Zadehbagheri, Rahim Ildarabadi, and Majid
Baghaei nejad, “Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Voltage
Restorer for Voltage Sag/Swell Compensation in Power
Distribution Networks: A Review”, IJMEC Vol. 5(16) Jul.
2015, PP. 2258-2275.

[3] Bollen MHJ. Understanding power quality problems:

voltage sags and interruptions. New York: IEEE Press; 1999.

[4] H.G.Hingorani, “Introducing Custom Power”, IEEE

Spectrum, June 1995.
Fig 4.1 Waveforms after sag in the system
[5] Singh, B.N.; Rastgoufard, P.; “A new topology of active
filter to correct power-factor, compensate harmonics,
reactive power and unbalance of three-phase four-wire loads
“ Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,
2003. APEC '03. Eighteenth Annual IEEE, Volume: 1, 2003,
Page(s): 141 -147.

[6] P. Boonchiam, and N. Mithulananthan, Member IEEE,

Dynamic Control Strategy in Medium Voltage DVR for
Fig 4.2 Waveforms of injected voltage Mitigating Voltage Sags/Swells, 2006 International
Conference on Power System Technology.

[7] Ho C.N.-M.; Chung H.S.-H.;" Implementation and perfor-

mance evaluation of a fast dynamic control scheme for capa-
citor-supported interline DVR", IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics, 2010, Vol. 25, No.8, pp. 1975 - 1988.

[8] Moradlou M., Karshenas H.R.;" Design strategy for

optimum rating selection of interline DVR", IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, 2011, Vol.26, No.1 , pp. 242
Fig 4.3 Waveforms of Compensated sag in the system - 249.

CONCLUSION [9] Yun Wei Li, Poh Chiang Loh, Blaabjerg F., Vilathgamuwa
D.M.; "Investigation and improvement of transient response
A novel phase advanced compensation technique has been of DVR at medium voltage level", IEEE Transactions on
proposed for the dynamic voltage restorer. From the Industry Applications, 2007, Vol.43, No.5, pp. 1309 - 1319.
simulation results the proposed scheme is superior injection
technique in the form of dynamic performance and energy [10] G Mohan,Prof. A Lakshmi Devi, “ Design and Simulation
saving. The both outer voltage loop and inner current loop of Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) using SPWM and SVPWM
raised the quality of load voltage. Control system is robust, Techniques for Voltage Sags &Voltage Swells Mitigation”,
due to this property the load variations can be improved by IJMER Vol. 3, Issue. 6, Nov - Dec. 2013 pp-3469-3475.
taking inductor and capacitor current feedback in the
system. The efficiency, Robustness and the effectiveness in [11] M. A. Taghikhani, “Phase Advanced Dynamic Voltage
voltage sags mitigation showed by the DVR makes it an Restorer Control System Design”, International Journal of
fascinating power quality device. Control Science and Engineering 2012, 2(4): 60-68.

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 772