DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES
A Report on
APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER FOR VOLTAGE SAG / SWELL MITIGATION WITH DQO TRANSFORMATION
By Jineesh.C (M120241EE) Premkumar.S (M120435EE)
CONTENTS
Introduction Votage sag/swell DVR Working of DVR Flow chart Controlling algorithm Park transformation Simulation and results Conclusion
INTRODUCTION The quality of electrical power may be described as a set of values of parameters, such as:
Continuity of service Variation in voltage magnitude Transient voltages and currents Harmonic content in the waveforms for AC power
Power quality is an issue that is becoming increasingly important to electricity consumers at all levels of usage. Any power problem manifested in voltage, current, or frequency deviations that result in the failure or disoperation of customer equipment. Power quality problems are associated with power systems with broad ranges of time frames such as long duration variations, short duration variations and other disturbances. Power Quality problems encompass a wide range of disturbances such as voltage sags/swells, flicker, harmonics distortion, impulse transient, and interruptions. In this report voltage sag/ swell mitigation is performed with a DVR with park transformation as its controlling algorithm.
VOLTAGE SAG A momentary reduction of voltage magnitude relative to nominal or pre-event voltage magnitude. This can occur in any combination of phases. Voltage dip is characterized by minimum voltage magnitude and duration of dip event. VOLTAGE SWELL A momentary increase of voltage magnitude relative to nominal or pre-event voltage magnitude. This can occur in any combination of phases. Voltage swell is characterized by maximum swell voltage magnitude and duration of swell event.
Voltage sags, swells and load waveform
DVR Dynamic Voltage Restorer is a series connected device designed to maintain a constant RMS voltage value across a sensitive load. It consists of Series injection transformer Energy storage unit Inverter circuit DC charging circuit Filter unit Control and protection system
WORKING OF DVR The main function of a DVR is the protection of sensitive loads from voltage sags/swells coming from the network. Therefore as shown in figure, the DVR is located on approach of sensitive loads. If a fault occurs on other lines, DVR inserts series voltage Vdvr and compensates load voltage to pre fault value.
Schematic diagram of DVR
The main function of a DVR is the protection of sensitive loads from voltage sags/swells coming from the network. The DVR is located on approach of sensitive loads. If a fault occurs on other lines, DVR inserts series voltage VDVR and compensates load voltage to pre fault value. The momentary amplitudes of the three injected phase voltages are controlled such as to eliminate any detrimental effects of a bus fault to the load voltage VL. This means that any differential voltages caused by transient disturbances in the ac feeder will be compensated by an equivalent voltage generated by the converter and injected on the medium voltage level through the booster Transformer.
Equivalent circuit of DVR The DVR has two modes of operation which are: standby mode and boost mode. In standby mode (VDVR=0), the booster transformers low voltage winding is shorted through the converter. No switching of semiconductors occurs in this mode of operation, because the individual converter legs are triggered such as to establish a short-circuit path for the transformer connection. Therefore, only the comparatively low conduction losses of the semiconductors in this current loop contribute to the losses. The DVR will be most of the time in this mode. In boost mode (VDVR>0), the DVR is injecting a compensation voltage through the booster transformer due to a detection of a supply voltage disturbance the equivalent circuit of the DVR, when the source voltage is drop or increase, the DVR injects a series voltage Vinj through the injection transformer so that the desired load voltage magnitude VL can be maintained. The series injected voltage of the DVR can be written as Vinj = Vload + Vs Where; VLoad is the desired load voltage magnitude Vs is the source voltage during sags/swells condition The load current ILoad is given by,
Flow chart
CONTROLLING ALGORITHM The dqo transformation or Parks transformation is used to control of DVR. The dqo method gives the sag depth and phase shift information with start and end times. The quantities are expressed as the instantaneous space vectors. Firstly convert the voltage from abc reference frame to d-q-o reference. For simplicity zero phase sequence components is ignored. The control scheme for the proposed system is based on the comparison of a reference voltage and the measured terminal voltage. The injection voltage is generated by difference between the reference load voltage and supply voltage and is applied to the VSC to produce the preferred voltage , with the help of pulse width modulation.
PARK TRANSFORMATION The abc_to_dq0 Transformation computes the direct axis, quadratic axis, and zero sequence quantities in a two-axis rotating reference frame for a three-phase sinusoidal signal. The following transformation is used:
The dq0_to_abc Transformation performs the reverse of the so-called Park transformation. It transforms three quantities expressed in a two-axis reference frame back to three phase quantities. The following transformation is used
Abc to dqo matrix
SIMULATION
Simulink diagram of voltage sag mitigation in MATLAB
The simulink model describes the circuit of model power system where a sudden load is injected into the system and DVR is used to regulate the votage sag and improve the load voltage from the dc source available in the system.
Waveform for sudden injection of load in the system
Waveform after the DVR operation in the system
CONCLUSION DVR plays a major role in protecting sensitive loads from voltage sag and swell. Park transformation is used as a controlling algorithm to compare the voltage with sag and the reference voltage which avoids the asymmetric comparison of voltage waveforms and yields high efficient result for the overall system.
