A REPORT ON
SHORING
SUBMITTED BY :
SUBMITTED TO :
KARUNA BOHARA (200715)
AR.KAILASH SUWAL
RIYA SINGH (200725)
ABSTRACT :
Formwork system is a significant constituent and a basic requirement for
high-rise cast-in-place reinforced concrete buildings. Usually, the builders
are confronted with the decision to choose the safe, optimum number of
levels of shores/reshores for a predetermined safety factor and given grade
of concrete, giving due consideration to the cost of formwork system.uses of
the shoring and how to erect during its needed .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :
I Express my deep graditute to AR. KAILASH SUWAL SIR ,for his valuable
suggestions and guidance . im so thankful to my team members fort their
support and guidance throughout the period of project .
Further more in would like to acknowledge with much appreciation the curcial
role of the cosmos college of management and technology depart ,who gave
us necessary information to complete this report .
TABLE OF CONTENT :
Contents
ABSTRACT : .................................................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT : ............................................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Types of shoring ............................................................................................................................................ 5
1. Raking Shoring ................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Flying Shoring ........................................................................................................................................ 9
3. Dead Shoring ....................................................................................................................................... 10
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHORING USE IN NEPAL :...................................................................................... 13
The Different Types of Shoring Available............................................................................................ 13
WOODEN SHORING............................................................................................................................. 14
STEEL SHORING ................................................................................................................................... 14
ALUMINIUM SHORING ........................................................................................................................ 15
HYDRAULIC SHORING.......................................................................................................................... 15
Types of Shoring in Construction ................................................................................................................ 16
Cantilevered Shoring ........................................................................................................................... 16
Dead Shoring ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Braced Shoring .................................................................................................................................... 17
CONCLUSION : ............................................................................................................................................. 19
INTRODUCTION
Shoring in construction refers to a temporary support system used to
stabilize a building or structure during construction, repair, or demolition
work.
The purpose of shoring is to prevent collapse and ensure the safety of
workers and the public.
Shoring can be used in a variety of situations, including:
• Supporting walls or roofs that have been partially removed or
damaged
• Holding up a building during excavation work
• Stabilizing structures during earthquakes or other natural
disasters
There are several types of shoring systems, including:
• Timber shoring, which uses large wooden beams to support the
structure
• Hydraulic shoring, which uses hydraulic jacks to apply pressure
and support the structure
• Steel shoring, which uses steel beams, plates, and brackets to
provide support
• Aluminum shoring, which is lightweight and easy to install,
making it suitable for limited access areas
Types of shoring
1. Raking shoring
2. Flying shoring
3. Dead shoring
1. Raking Shoring
In this method, inclined members known as rakers are used to give lateral
supports to walls (figure 1 to 3). A raking shore consists of the following
components:
1. Rakers or inclined member
2. Wall plate
3. Needles
4. Cleats
5. Bracing
6. Sole plate
The following points are to be kept in view for the use of the raking
shores:
1. Rakers are to be inclined in the ground at 450. However the angle
may be between 450 and 750.
2. For tall buildings, the length of the raker can be reduced by
introducing rider raker.
3. Rakers should be properly braced at intervals.
4. The size of the rakers is to be decided on the basis of anticipated
thrust from the wall.
5. The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at floor level.
6. Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover longer length of
the bar.
7. The sole plate should be properly embedded into the ground on an
inclination and should be of proper section and size.
8. Wedges should not be used on sole plates since they are likely to
give way under vibrations that are likely to occur.
Fig.1: Raking Shores Wall Support
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Fig.2: Detail of Head of the Raker Shores
Fig.3: Raking shore for Multistoried Building where inclination of the rakers
has to be limited due to short land width available
2. Flying Shoring
Flying shores is a system of providing temporary supports to the party walls
of the two buildings where the intermediate building is to be pulled down
and rebuilt (figure 4 and 5). All types of arrangements of supporting the
unsafe structure in which the shores do not reach the ground come under
this category. The flying shore consists of wall plates, needles, cleats,
horizontal struts (commonly known as horizontal shores) and inclined struts
arranged in different forms which varies with the situation. In this system
also the wall plates are placed against the wall and secured to it. A
horizontal strut is placed between the wall plates and is supported by a
system of needle and cleats. The inclined struts are supported by the
needle at their top and by straining pieces at their feet. The straining piece
is also known as straining sill and is spiked to the horizontal shore. The
width of straining piece is the same as that of the strut. When the distance
between the walls (to be strutted apart) is considerable, a horizontal shore
can not be safe and a trussed framework of members is necessary to
perform the function of flying shore.
Fig.4: Flying Shore
Fig.5: Flying shore when the distance between two walls is considerable
3. Dead Shoring
Dead shore is the system of shoring which is used to render vertical
support to walls and roofs, floors, etc when the lower part of a wall has
been removed for the purpose of providing an opening in the wall or to
rebuild a defective load bearing wall in a structure (figure 6 and 7). The
dead shore consists of an arrangement of beams and posts which are
required to support the weight of the structure above and transfer same to
the ground on firm foundation below.
Fig.6: Dead Shore
When opening in the wall are to be made, holes are cut in the wall at such
a height as to allow sufficient space for insertion of the beam or girder that
will be provided permanently to carry the weight of the structure above.
Distance at which the holes are cut depends upon the type of masonry and
it varies from 1.2m to 1.8m centre. Beams called needles are placed in the
holes and are supported by vertical props called dead shores at their ends
on either side of the wall. The needles may be of timber or steel and are of
sufficient section to carry the load above.
Fig.7: Section of the elevation showing arrangement of dead shores for making
an opening in an existing wall
The dead shores stand away from wall on either side so as to allow for
working space when the needle and the props are in position. The props
are tightened up by folding wedges provided at their bases while the
junction between the prop and the needle is secured with the help of dogs.
Before the dismantling work is started, all the doors, windows or other
openings are well strutted. In order to relieve the wall of load of floors and
roof above, they are independently supported. Vibrations and shocks are
bound to occur when wall cutting is done as such a measure of safety
raking shores are sometimes erected before commencement of wall cutting
operation.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHORING USE IN NEPAL
:
Shoring is critical for protecting workers and people nearby during
construction or renovation projects. Here are some reasons why we need
shoring:
• Support and Stability
Shoring provides essential support and stability to a structure until it's
completely functional. It helps to prevent sudden collapses, which can lead
to severe injury or even death.
• Timely Construction
Shoring speeds up the construction process by providing structural support,
allowing various stages of construction to occur simultaneously. This
decreases the time it takes to complete a project, which means fewer
chances of accidents and the possibility of finishing a project more quickly.
• Enhanced Structural Integrity
Shoring enhances the structural integrity of a building by providing temporary
support throughout the construction process. It ensures that a building is
strong enough to withstand future challenges, such as natural calamities like
earthquakes or storms.
The Different Types of Shoring Available
Several types of shoring available on the market today offer a range of
benefits and drawbacks. Let's take a closer look at the four common types
of shoring methods.
WOODEN SHORING
Fig :wooden shoring
Wooden shoring is a standard method that provides robust and stable
scaffolding. It's cost-effective and can be treated to increase resistance to
decay, rot, and insects. Wooden shoring is ideal for short-term projects in
more isolated areas. Advantages of Wooden Shoring:
• Wooden shoring is cost-effective and easy to construct
• It's highly durable when treated correctly, making it suitable for long-term
projects
• It's environmentally safe, and the wood can be recycled or repurposed
STEEL SHORING
Fig :steel shoring
Steel shoring uses steel frames, including pipes, beams, and other
components, to support structures throughout the construction process. It's
ideal for large projects as it can support heavier loads. Advantages of Steel
Shoring:
• Steel shoring is strong and durable and can support heavier loads
• It's highly resistant to fire, moisture, and other hazards
• It can be re-used multiple times, making it convenient for long-term projects
ALUMINIUM SHORING
Fig : aluminium shoring
Aluminum shoring is lightweight, strong, and easy to install. It's highly
preferred for medium-sized projects where weight and mobility of scaffolding
are critical. The lightweight nature of aluminum makes it simple to transport.
Advantages of Aluminum Shoring:
• Aluminum shoring is lightweight, making it easy to transport and install
• It's highly durable, resistant to corrosion, and can withstand harsh weather
conditions
• It is cost-effective and has a longer lifespan compared to other materials
HYDRAULIC SHORING
Fig : hydraulic shoring
Hydraulic shoring is a multi-stage shoring system with hydraulic cylinders
that enable the shoring system to be adjusted during construction. The
hydraulic system allows the shoring to be monitored with great accuracy, and
adjustments can be made to the loads placed on the shoring in real-time.
Advantages of Hydraulic Shoring.
• Hydraulic shoring is highly adjustable and can be adjusted as needed
throughout the construction process
• It's easy to install and remove, reducing downtime and increasing
productivity on-site
• It's highly versatile and can be used in various types of construction projects
Shoring is a crucial aspect of building safety that contributes to the structural
integrity of buildings and the safety of workers and people nearby. With the
different types of shoring available today, it's critical to choose the one that
will best suit your construction project needs. By ensuring that our shoring
systems are strong, stable, and adequately monitored, we can help prevent
construction accidents and keep our construction sites safe.
Types of Shoring in Construction
Cantilevered Shoring
Fig :cantilevered shoring
Cantilevered shoring or simply cantilever shoring is a structure that uses
beams or arches to secure a trench from caving into itself. It is ideal for
projects that are up to 20m in depth and requires a sole, a basement floor,
the ground floor as well as column and beams before the cantilevered
shoring process.
The process involves excavating the ground and then driving needles with
two steel frames into the ground perpendicularly to the shored wall. It then
becomes a three-staged process with the first stage involving the installation
of needles, the second stage as placement of beams, then the third stage
that involves stripping away installed beams as guided by pre-planned
procedures.
Dead Shoring
Fig : dead shoring
Dead shoring is common when the structure of the wall is not strong enough
to use cantilevered shoring. This type of shoring employs the use of
deadmen, vertical posts lagged into soil, and horizontal wales that secure
the wall
.
Deadmen can support an anchor in the soil using wire-based anchors that
the crew then proceeds to tighten, ensuring that the soil and anchor become
fixed and rigid. If the soil is loose the deadmen will be equipped with steel
plates that provide a more substantial support surface area.
Braced Shoring
Fig : braced shoring
This shoring type involves the use of wales and struts that support a
trenchless than thirty feet in depth. The first stage involves placing Walers
(horizontal beams) installed in slots retraced into the ground that engage with
hydraulic struts when installed.
The hydraulic struts are adjusted through direct control from pumps
according to the span of the excavation in order to support the wall both
horizontally and vertically.
CONCLUSION :
Shoring is the temporary use of shorelines to support a building, ship,
structure, or trench when it is at risk of collapsing or during repairs or
alterations. Shoring comes from the word shore, a wooden or metal prop.
Shoring can be vertical, angled, or horizontal. We have discussed the
shoring options, their requirements, and the components required. The
unsound buildings’ necessity, support, and stability will determine your final
decision. When repairing or renovating a building, shoring can stabilize it
while work is done.
