What causes a region

to change?

Main Idea and

Details
Use a layered book
foldable to take notes as
you read Unit 3. The title of
the foldable should be The
Northeast. Label the three tabs
Geography, Economy, and
People.
aZ
EZde bn
d
:Xdc ]n
\gVe
<Zd ZVhi
dgi]
I]ZC

For more about Unit 3 go to

www.macmillanmh.com

The Northeast
129
 Native American Dance
The Iroquois People
and Music Festival
The Eastern Woodlands were once home to many groups of
Native Americans. One large group, the Iroquois people,
partnered with five Native American groups.
Today visit the Ganondagan State Historic Site and attend the
Native American Dance and Music Festival.

Immigrants Ellis Island

The United States began to grow rapidly in the late 1800s.
Immigrants arrived looking for a better life. After 1892, most
immigrants entered the United States through the immigration
center on Ellis Island in New York harbor.
Today you can visit Ellis Island and learn about immigration.

130 Unit 3
 For more about People, Places, and Events, visit:
www.macmillanmh.com.

African Americans
Harlem in New York City
In the early 1900s, thousands of African Americans moved north
in the Great Migration to find work. Many settled in Newark, New
Jersey, and Harlem in New York City.
Today you can learn more about African American communities at
the Anacostia Community Museum in Washington, D.C.

Annual Fisherman’s
Boothbay Harbor, Maine Festival
Along much of the Northeast coast, small villages and towns
grew out of the fishing industry. One of these is Boothbay
Harbor, Maine.
Today you can celebrate Boothbay Harbor’s heritage as a
fishing village during the Annual Fisherman’s Festival.

131
 Snowboarding is
The Northeast is home to 1
a popular winter
TK exciting
TK places like our activity in the
mountains of the
nation’s capital. Northeast.

Lake
Erie

Pennsylvania is home to one

6
of the world’s largest chocolate
factories—Hershey’s Chocolate
World.

Cape Cod,
5
Massachusetts, is a
popular destination.

132 Unit 3
 Maine produces
3
75 percent of the 6aaV\Vh]
lobster caught in L^aYZgcZhh
the United States. LViZglVn

r
i ve
eR
About 12 million tourists visit
2

enc
Niagara Falls every year.

wr
La
ME

CANADA St. Augusta

Montpelier
Lake Placid
ADIRONDACK L]^iZBdjciV^c
MOUNTAINS CVi^dcVa
Lake i ve r ;dgZhi
Ontario VT
Connecticut R

NH
Concord ATLANTIC
NY
OCEAN
6aaZ\]Zcn Albany
CVi^dcVa Boston
;dgZhi
H u d s o n R i ve r

MA Cape Cod
Providence
Hartford
CT RI
S
I N
A

R.
T

PA
N

na

han HiVijZd[
U

ue A^WZgin land
Susq Long I
s
O
M

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8]dXdaViZLdgaY New York
N

Trenton
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Harrisburg The Statue of Liberty is

NJ 4
H

a symbol of freedom
C
A

around the world.

Po
L

E^cZ
tom
A

MD
P

7VgggZch
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Washington, DC Annapolis N
DE Delaware Bay
W E

0 50 100 miles

Chesapeake Bay 0 50 100 kilometers

133
 The
VOCABULARY
Lesson 1
Geography
glacier p. 135
bay p. 136
of the
fuel p. 136
fall line p. 138
tourist p. 140
Northeast
READING SKILL
Main Idea and Details
Copy the chart below. Fill it
in with details about how
the Northeast was formed.

Main Idea Details

STANDARDS FOCUS
SOCIAL People, Places, and
STUDIES
Environments
GEOGRAPHY The Uses of Geography

Essential What is the geography of the Northeast?

Question

Animals and Cities grew The Northeast The Northeast

A plants live in the Baround bays C has many natural D has four seasons.
Northeast, which was because they provided resources that include
shaped by glaciers. protection for ships. forests and water.

134
 A THE NORTHEAST LONG AGO
The 11 states that make up the Northeast share a rich geography,
sprinkled with mountains, hills, lakes, rivers, and forests.
Most of them were formed long ago.

T he world’s oldest chain of

mountains, the Appalachians,
QUICK CHECK
Main Idea and Details How were the
stretches from Maine in the North to Appalachian Mountains shaped?
Alabama in the South. The mountains
were formed more than 250 million Plants and Animals of
years ago. Year after year of wind, the Northeast
water, and ice eroded their sharp
and pointed peaks into rolling hills.
The Appalachians saw a good deal of
bad weather many years ago. Today
the Northeast still experiences harsh
White Oak Tree Mallard
weather. Duck

The Ice Was Here

Once, much of northern North
America was covered with large,
moving sheets of ice called glaciers. New England Blue Crab
In some places, these glaciers were Aster
as much as one mile thick. As they
moved south, the glaciers flattened
the land, crushed boulders, and dug
giant holes in the ground.
When the climate warmed, the ice Common Moose
melted. The holes filled with water Buttercup
and became Lake Ontario, Lake Erie,
and the Finger Lakes of New York
State. Now, many animals and plants
live in these areas.

135
 B A RICH LAND
The Northeastern coastline is dotted Forests
with bays. Bays are areas where the ocean At one time, forests carpeted the
is partly surrounded by land. This creates Northeast. They were a valuable resource
sheltered places called harbors, where for Native Americans and European
ships can be safe from storms. Early settlers. Native Americans used tree
settlers anchored their ships in these trunks to build homes and carve canoes.
harbors. Over time, large cities including European settlers used trees to build
Baltimore, Maryland, and New York homes and ships. Both groups burned
City, grew around these harbors. wood as fuel, something that
produces energy.

Portland is the largest city in Maine.

136 Lesson 1
 Over time, many Northeastern forests
were replaced by roads, farms, and towns,
but trees are still an important resource in Adirondack State
the region. The two main types of trees Park is home to the
largest “old growth” forest
that grow in the Northeast are broadleaf in the Northeast. An old
trees, which lose their leaves each winter, growth forest is one in
and needle-leaf trees (also known as which the trees have never
been cut down. Many
evergreens) which keep their leaves all animals, including black
year long. The maple is a broadleaf tree, bears, live in old growth
and the spruce and pine are needle-leaf forests.
Black Bear in a Park
trees.
Spruce needles
and cones
QUICK CHECK
Summarize Where did early settlers anchor
their ships?

Maple
leaf

↑ Maple syrup comes from Maple trees, which

are found throughout the Northeast.

137
 C MOUNTAINS AND WATER
We’ve talked so far about forests and There’s a lot of water, too. Many rivers
coastlines. Do you want to know what flow down these mountains. On the east
else is in the Northeast? Mountains, lots side of the mountains, in areas where
of them! Almost every Northeastern the land suddenly drops, then flattens
state has mountains. The Appalachian into a plain, the flowing rivers turn into
Mountains include smaller mountain splashing waterfalls. Keep an eye out for
ranges, such as the Green Mountains of these fall lines where land drops sharply to
Vermont and the Adirondack Mountains, lower land below. You may see a waterfall!
which extend from Canada to New York.
Niagara Falls is a set of three separate waterfalls on the
border between the United States and Canada.

138 Lesson 1
 Hydroelectric Power Plant Long distance
powerlines

Reservoir

Powerhouse
Intake
Generator

Penstock

Turbine Diagram Skill

Water turns the turbine, which turns the
generator. What happens next?
All this water is used as a resource to
produce energy for machines. Settlers
used waterfalls to turn the wheels of their Cherrystone clams can be found
mills that ground grain. Water power is along the coast of the Northeast. ↓
still used to run machines, such as those
that create electricity.
The mountains and waters of the
Northeast provide other resources, too.
The mountains contain minerals such
as coal. The region’s bays and lakes, and
of course the Atlantic Ocean, also offer
resources—foods such as fish, crabs, and
lobsters.

QUICK CHECK
Summarize What are some resources found in
the Northeast?

139
 D CLIMATE OF THE NORTHEAST
The Northeast has four seasons, but Fall Colors
there are differences in the seasons within In early fall, temperatures
the region. At high elevations, such as the drop, and daylight hours shorten.
mountains of Maine, the climate is colder These changes cause the green
than in lower areas. In southern areas, leaves of broadleaf trees to turn brilliant
such as coastal Maryland, the climate is shades of orange, red, yellow, and
warmer than in northern areas. brown. Many tourists, or people
One thing all the states in the region who travel to visit other places, travel to
share is precipitation in the form of the Northeast each fall to see the colorful
snow and rain. The precipitation keeps changing leaves.
the rivers full and forests and farmlands
growing.
QUICK CHECK
Much of the precipitation comes Compare and Contrast How is the climate in
from storms that strike the region in coastal Maryland different from the climate in the
the fall and winter. These are known mountains of Maine?
as “nor’easters” (that’s short for north-
eastern). Lighthouses were built all along
the northeastern coastline to help sailors
see the land at night during storms and
fog.

Portland Head Light, a

lighthouse near Portland,
Maine, opened in 1791.

1. VOCABULARY Write a sentence for each of

the vocabulary words.
glacier fuel fall line

2. READING SKILL Main Idea Main Idea Details

and Details Use the chart on

page 134 to write about the
geography of the Northeast.
3. Write About It Write a
Essential
Question paragraph about how European
settlers’ use of forests caused the
region to change.

140 Lesson 1
 Compare Maps at Different Scales
VOCABULARY Maps can’t show places in the size they are on
map scale Earth. Instead, they use a map scale to tell you the
actual size of an area on the map.
small-scale map
Map A is a small-scale map. It covers a large area,
large-scale map but can’t include many details. Map B is a large-scale
map. It shows many details of a smaller area.

Map A: Maine
0 20 40 miles

• Map A shows Maine. It shows a large 0 20 40 kilometers

area without many details. This is a

small-scale map. CANADA

• Map B shows Acadia National Park on MAINE

Maine’s coast. It shows a smaller area
with more details and information. It Bangor 6XVY^V
is a large-scale map. CVi^dcVa
EVg`
Augusta
Seal Harbor
Swans Island
Portland >ciZgcVi^dcVa

• Which map shows the largest area? NH

ATLANTIC
WdjcYVgn
HiViZWdjcYVgn
OCEAN HiViZXVe^iVa
• Using the scale on Map A, measure
the distance from Seal Harbor
to Swans Island. Do the same Map B: Acadia National Park, Maine
with Map B, using the scale Frenchman
Bay
on Map B. What did you find?
K^h^idg8ZciZg
Eagle
Lake
Somes
Long Sound Mount Desert
Pond Island
• Compare a map of the United Seal Harbor
States with a map of your ATLANTIC
state. Which map is a small- OCEAN
scale map? Which is a large- 0 3 6 miles
EVg`WdjcYVgn
scale map? Swans Island 0 3 6 kilometers

141
 The
VOCABULARY
Lesson 2
Economy
industry p. 145
service p. 146 of the
urban p. 148
suburban p. 149
megalopolis p. 149
Northeast
READING SKILL
Main Idea and Details Cranberries are important to the
Copy the chart below. economy of the Northeast.
As you read, fill it in with
information about working
in the Northeast.
Main Idea Details

STANDARDS FOCUS
SOCIAL Production, Distribution,
STUDIES
and Consumption
GEOGRAPHY Environment and Society

Essential How do people of the Northeast make a living?

Question
VT NH
NY

MA
RI

Many people still People in the Many people in Most people in

A earn a living in B Northeast worked C the Northeast D the Northeast live
the Northeast by in manufacturing long work in service jobs. and work in cities and
fishing and farming. ago. suburbs.

142
 A USING RESOURCES
Most people in the Northeast live in or near cities. That’s because
manufacturing became an important part of the region’s economy
in the 1800s. Before that, most people depended on the
natural resources in the region to make a living.

H ow do people in the Northeast

make a living? Many people in the
Products of the Northeast

Northeast work in offices, but some ME

people still make a living from the
region’s natural resources.
VT NH
Along the coast from Maine to NY
Maryland, fishing, trapping lobster
MA
and crabs, or digging for clams
RI
and oysters is still a full-time
PA
job. Further inland, people use the
CT
Northeast’s rich land to earn NJ
a living. Each state in the region
grows a wide variety of fruits MD
DC DE
and vegetables.
IgZZh!
The Northeast’s grassy areas eaVcih! AZ\jbZh
[adlZgh
provide food for cows. Dairy
farmers use cow’s milk to produce 9V^gn BVeaZhngje
milk products, cheeses, and yogurt.
Dairy farming is big business in ;gj^i
KZ\ZiVWaZh!
Bjh]gddbh
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Vermont,
Connecticut, and New Hampshire.
Look at the map to see where some of
the items are grown. Map Skill
LOCATION In what states are fruits grown?

QUICK CHECK
Main Idea and Details What do the
Northeast’s grasslands do for its economy?

143
 B BUILDING FACTORIES
Did you know that people used to
make almost everything they needed
themselves? From hats to shoes and
clothes to homes, if you needed it, you In 1813, Francis Lowell
built a textile factory in
had to make it yourself. People even wove Massachusetts. The factory
their own cloth. town built nearby was
the first planned town
In the late 1700s, some people in for workers.
England discovered how to build Francis Lowell
machines that wove lots of cloth all at
once. That meant people could buy cloth the textile factories to produce paper, tin,
instead of making it. and other goods.
Early Factories Many people left their homes to look
In 1789 a man named Samuel Slater for work at these new factories. Lucy
wrote the plans for one of these machines. Larcom began working in a Lowell textile
He brought the plans to Rhode Island. mill when she was only 11. Lucy, like
Textile, or cloth, factories were soon many young girls, worked to help support
being built all over the Northeast. Other her family. Read what she had to say
businesses began to use the same ideas as about her experience.

A town was built near the Lowell

factory in Massachusetts so workers
could live near the factory.
Mill

144 Lesson 2
 Factories Today
Primary Sources Lowell was the beginning of industry
in the Northeast. Industry is all of the
“That children should [work] . . . for businesses that make one kind of product
their daily bread is always a pity; or provide one kind of service. Industry
but in the case of my little work- continues to be an important part of the
mates and myself there were . . . Northeast’s economy.
reasons, and we were not too young Today, Maine uses timber from its
to understand them.” forests to make all types of paper. New
From Among Lowell Mill Girls: Jersey manufactures chemicals that are
A Reminiscence written by Lucy Larcom.
November 1881
used in shampoos and medicines. In
Pennsylvania, you can visit factories
that make chocolate. Each state in
the Northeast has workers in the
manufacturing industry.

QUICK CHECK
Sequence How did cloth production in the
Northeast change over time?

Write About It Suppose you, like Lucy,

had to work. Write a sentence about what
life would be like for you today, working
instead of going to school.

Canal

Cotton

145
 C SERVING OTHERS
So far, you’ve read about the goods, or When you buy a snack at the local store,
products, of the Northeast’s agriculture the person behind the counter provides
and manufacturing industries. Many a service. Your doctor and dentist also
people in the Northeast don’t produce provide services when they help you keep
goods or food. Instead, they provide a your body and teeth healthy. Your teacher
service. All the jobs that people do to provides a service, too—he or she helps
help others are service jobs. As a matter you learn new things.
of fact, many people in the United States
provide services.

Service Workers in the Northeast

3
People in Millions

0
Protective Retail and Restaurant
Services Wholesale Trade
Jobs
146 Lesson 2
 What about when you go to a bike to provide these for us. All we need to do
repair shop? The person who fixes is to buy them from someone who works
your bike is providing a service, too. in a service job. Look at the chart below.
Throughout the region and the country, Which two industries have about the same
service workers provide services we can’t number of service workers?
or don’t have the time to do ourselves.
Instead of having to make our own QUICK CHECK
clothes and grow our own food as people Summarize What are some service jobs in
did in the past, we rely on people who the Northeast?
work in manufacturing and agriculture

Chart Skill
What industry has the most service
providers in the Northeast?

Education Healthcare Other

147
 D CITIES AND SUBURBS
The Northeast has less land than The first big Northeast cities began
any other region in the United States, as ports, or harbors, where ships
but about one in every six people lives landed with goods to trade. Trade
in the Northeast. Where do all the with Europe was important to the
workers live? early settlers and to the young United
States. Eventually, these trading ports
Cities and Suburbs grew into cities. Later, the growing
The Northeast has a number of areas populations of city ports made them
that are urban. Urban means “of the good places to build factories. Not only
city”—in other words, all cities are did they have a large supply of workers,
urban centers. but their location along harbors made
it easy to ship goods to other places.

Northeast Population

N
W E
1,000,000 people ME
S
500,000 people

50,000 people

Urban area
VT NH Portland
Syracuse
NY
Boston
Buffalo
MA
Providence
Greenwich
CT RI
Pittsburgh
PA
New York City
Philadelphia
NJ Newark
MD
Wilmington
Baltimore
DE Map Skill
Washington, DC
LOCATION Which cities have
populations of 150,000 people?

148 Lesson 2
 The Northeast’s
megalopolis is so
big that it can be
seen from space
at night.

Today, many people in the

Northeast live in suburban areas. A
suburb is a community near a city. If
you look closely, you can even see the
word “urban” in suburban. Suburbs
developed because people wanted to live
in less crowded spaces, but near a city.

Bigger than a City

Together, a city and its suburbs
form a metropolitan area. Some
cities themselves are the suburbs of
larger cities. For example, the city
of Newark, New Jersey, is part of
New York City’s metropolitan area. 1. VOCABULARY Write a paragraph about the
A few Northeast metropolitan areas economy of the Northeast using these words.
have grown so large they overlap. urban suburban megalopolis
These overlapping metropolitan areas
2. READING SKILL Main Idea Main Idea Details

form a megalopolis—a single huge and Details Use the chart from
metropolitan area. One megalopolis page 142 to write about the
runs from Boston to Washington, D.C. different types of factories in the Northeast.
3. Write About It Write a sentence
Essential
Question about how factories in the Northeast
QUICK CHECK helped cause the region to grow.
Summarize What did the first Northeast cities
look like?

149
 The
Lesson 3
VOCABULARY
culture p. 151
People
diverse p. 153 of the
READING SKILL
Main Idea and Details
Copy the chart below.
As you read, fill it in with
Northeast
information about people
of the Northeast.

Main Idea Details

STANDARDS FOCUS
SOCIAL
STUDIES Culture

GEOGRAPHY The Uses of Geography

The Northeast is a diverse region.

Essential What is important to the culture of the Northeast?

Question

Native Americans Immigrants Northeasterners The Northeast

A are an important B contribute to the C hold festivals to D has many
part of Northeast rich diversity of the celebrate their heritage. activities to explore.
culture. Northeast.

150
 A MANY WAYS OF LIFE
For hundreds of years, people from all over the world have settled
in the Northeast. These immigrants brought their ways of life
with them and helped to enrich the region.

W hat does your family do during

holidays? What language do you
of the many Native American groups
in the region. They grew maize,
speak at home? What foods do you beans, and squash for food. They
eat? All of this and more is part of also ate wild plants. The Iroquois
your culture. Culture includes a knew about maple syrup and tapped
people’s history, language, religion, maple trees to get the syrup. Native
and customs, or ways of doing things. Americans also hunted deer and other
It also includes a people’s stories, wild animals. They used deer hides to
songs, and jokes. make their clothing.
The cultures that came to the
Northeast were a rich mix. Each QUICK CHECK
culture brought its foods, ways of Main Idea and Details Describe Native
having fun, and styles of music and Americans of the Northeast.
art. This joining of cultures has
shaped life in the Northeast region.

First Northeasterners
The first people in
the Northeast were
Native Americans.
The Iroquois and
the Lenape are two

151
 Many Chin
e
the Unite se immigrants ca
d S t a te s m
in the 18 e to
0 0 s. ↓

a ve
h im m igrants h the
↑ Iris fluenced
greatly in . This Irish
st
Nor thea ived in New
rr
family a 29.
1 9
York in

B IMMIGRANTS THEN AND NOW

In the early 1600s, Native Americans Soon, more and more people came
encountered people who had sailed to settle in what they called the
from England. These settlers came for “New World.” These new settlers
a better life. slowly pushed out most of the Native
Settlers came from the Netherlands Americans who had lived in the area.
and Sweden, too. Johan Printz, the By 1750, the English had settled
leader of a Swedish settlement in in colonies throughout the region.
Pennsylvania, had this to say about the Eventually, other Europeans found
New World: homes in the Northeast. People from
Sweden moved to Delaware, while
New York was settled by people from
This is a very the Netherlands. Many Germans made
lovely country their homes in Pennsylvania.
with everything a Africans were another important
person can wish
group of people to arrive in the
himself on this
1600s. Most came against their will as
earth.
enslaved workers, but some Africans
JOHAN PRINTZ
came as servants who would be free
men and women after a period of time.
152 Lesson 3
 n
k e t h is Ethiopia st ’s
li a
fricans, ing the Nor the
M a ny A r ic h
re e n
family, a iversity. ↓
d
cultural

107P
r
afr/ame

↑ People o
f Hispanic o
large par t rigin are a
of the rich
heritage o cult
f the Nor th ural
east.

There, officials tried to make sure that

The Amish left Europe
only healthy people entered the United
in the early 1700s States.
in search of religious
In recent years, people from China
freedom. They first
settled in Pennsylvania. and other Asian nations have moved to
Today there are Amish the Northeast. Others have come from
communities in 22 states
Mexico and the Dominican Republic.
around the country.
Amish School Boys
Wherever they came from, people
arrived in the Northeast looking for
Ellis Island and People Today a better life and a better future. They
As the Northeast grew, its people brought with them their culture and
became more diverse. Diverse means ideas and shared them with others.
that there is a variety.
From about 1892 to 1954, QUICK CHECK
immigrants from around the world Summarize Why did many immigrant groups
came to the Northeast and stopped at come to the Northeast?
Ellis Island in New York City’s harbor.

153
 C CELEBRATING CULTURES
People in the Northeast are proud of
the many cultures that make up their
region. One way to show pride in your
Every year, Philadelphia,
culture is by sharing it with others. Many Pennsylvania, hosts the
groups do this by having festivals. These Mummers Parade
festivals are full of tasty foods, music, and on New Year’s Day.
The parade grew out
lively dancing. of European customs
brought to the city by
Festivals For Everyone early settlers.
One of the of the largest celebrations
is Saint Patrick’s Day. Irish Americans Mummers Parade
celebrate the day by attending one of
the many parades in the region. Towns Other cultural groups hold festivals,
with large German-American populations too. Poughkeepsie, New York, holds a
celebrate the fall harvest during Greek festival with dancing and Greek
Oktoberfest. At Oktoberfest, people eat foods, such as spanakopita, a spinach and
bratwurst, a type of sausage, and dance to feta cheese pie. Each spring, a Japanese
music played on an accordion. festival called Sakura Matsuri, part of the
National Cherry Blossom Festival, is held
Japanese musicians perform during the
National Cherry Blossom Festival. ↓
in Washington, D.C. Visitors can taste
Japanese food and learn the Japanese art
of paper folding, or origami. On Labor
Day weekend, Scranton, Pennsylvania,
holds La Festa Italiana. This is a
celebration of Italian culture, music,
and food.

QUICK CHECK
Draw conclusions Why do cultural
groups in the Northeast hold
celebrations?

154 Lesson 3
 New York City’s Caribbean Festival
One of the world’s largest festivals happens each
Labor Day weekend in Brooklyn, New York. It’s the
Dancers wear elaborate costumes during
West Indian American Day Carnival and Parade.
the West Indian Day Parade. ↓
The popular festival celebrates the cultures of
the West Indies. These islands in the Caribbean
Sea include Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Kitts,
and Barbados, among others. Many people in the
Northeast were born in the West Indies or have
parents or grandparents who were. At the festival,
they and others can enjoy the dances, music, art,
and food of the West Indies.

The festival begins at two in the morning

with a parade. Festival-goers wear
costumes and walk through the streets of
New York City to the music of steel drums.
Later in the day, people enjoy foods such
as fried fish, coconut bread,
and a leafy vegetable Brooklyn, NY
called callaloo.

↑ People play steel drums during the

West Indian Day parade.

155
 D PLACES TO EXPLORE
You’ve read about the diverse cultures
of the people of the Northeast and about
their celebrations. The region is also full
of places to visit.
Working for the If you like the outdoors, it’s a fantastic
Common Good place to be. You can hike in the mountains
or sail along the region’s coast.
What are some ways that Perhaps you enjoy seeing exhibits at
kids can work for the common museums. You can talk to dolphin trainers
good? Some students in New at the National Aquarium in Baltimore,
York decided to get involved in Maryland, or view fine art at many
a project that would make their museums in the region. If you want to see
neighborhood more beautiful. a replica of America’s first submarine, “the
They found an organization that Turtle,” head to the United States Navy’s
would help them make positive
Submarine Force Museum in Groton,
changes in their environment by
Connecticut.
creating open spaces with trees
and flowers. These kids helped
to create an open garden where
anyone could gather.

Sailboats race on
Lake Champlain in
Vermont.

Write About It Write about how you

could work for the common good.

156 Lesson 3
 This family watches
a large shark at the
National Aquarium in
Baltimore, Maryland.

Culture and Environment

For music, you can go to Tanglewood
in Lenox, Massachusetts. It’s the
summer home of the Boston Symphony
Orchestra. One musician who has played
at Tanglewood is Yo Yo Ma, a cellist.
Like many Northeasterners, Yo Yo Ma
is interested in learning how the world’s
cultures have mixed to create beautiful
music. 1. VOCABULARY Write a sentence that uses
each of these vocabulary words.
People in the Northeast enjoy their
culture diverse
environment so much that many work
Main Idea Details
to keep it clean and healthy. Read p.156 2. READING SKILL Main Idea
to see how some kids worked for the and Details Use the chart from
page 150 to write about places to
common good of the Northeast. explore in the Northeast.
3. Write About It Write a
Essential
QUICK CHECK Question paragraph about how the population of
the Northeast
Summarize What are some of the has changed over time.
things that people in the Northeast can
do for fun?

157
 Unit 3 Review and Assess
Vocabulary
Skill
Compare Maps at Different Scales
Copy the sentences below. Use the
list of vocabulary words to fill in the 9. What is the difference between a
blanks. large-scale map and a small-scale
map?
glacier megalopolis
10. Look at the maps on this page.
fall line cultures Which map is a large-scale map?

1. The ______ is where mountains Ellis Island, New York

flatten into a plain. 9dgb^idgn
Gddb
2. Two or more metropolitan areas 7V\\V\Z
Gddb 8]^aYgZch
that overlap form a _______. Gdd[ide
EaVn\gdjcY
Djih^YZ 9^c^c\
3. A _____ is a moving sheet of ice. EhnX]^Vig^X Gddb
LVgY
4. The people of the Northeast =dhe^iVa$
6Yb^c^higVi^dc
come from many different _____.
<gZVi
AVlc
=dhe^iVa New York
Comprehension and LVgYh Harbor

Critical Thinking 0 50 100 meters

=dhe^iVa HiV[[
LVgYh =djhZ 0 50 100 yards
5. What is the difference between
broadleaf and needle-leaf trees?
Northeast United States
6. What kinds of resources can be
0 100 200 miles
found in the Northeast?
0 100 200 kilometers
7. Critical Thinking Why were cities
CANADA ME
built near harbors?
Lake VT
8. Reading Skill What places in the Ontario
NH
Lake NY
Northeast would you most enjoy Erie MA
visiting? Explain why using the CT
:aa^h RI ATLANTIC
main idea and details. PA >haVcY OCEAN
CZl
NJ Ndg` >ciZgcVi^dcVa
MD =VgWdg WdjcYVgn
WV
DC HiViZWdjcYVgn
DE
158 Unit 3 VA
 Test Preparation
Read the paragraphs. Then answer the questions.

New Hampshire’s newest state forest . . . was purchased

by The Nature Conservancy . . . . It . . . will never be
developed . . . It will always be open. . . . [and] it provides
an ideal habitat for an endangered plant species called the
northeastern bulrush.
This is good news. Teachers use the land for forestry,
science, and other subjects. Students tap trees, while
environmental science students measure the effects of
ozone pollution on white pine. Gym classes go snow-
shoeing and hiking in the forest, and the schools’ cross-
country ski team trains on its trails.

1. What is the main idea of the passage? 3. Which of the following statements is an
A. New Hampshire has beautiful opinion?
forests. A. The northeastern bulrush is an
B. Teachers use land for forestry and endangered plant species.
science. B . The Nature Conservancy is
C. The Nature Conservancy bought the the newest state forest in New
forest to provide a habitat for the Hampshire.
northeastern bulrush. C. The Nature Conservancy bought the
D. The state forest will provide habitat newest state forest.
for an endangered species and D. New Hampshire has beautiful state
provide students a place to learn. forests.

2. Why is it important to have 4. List reasons why it is important to

undeveloped land? What does it provide habitat for plants and animals
provide the community? that are endangered.

159
 Activities
Write About the Big Idea
What causes a region
to change? Expository Report
Recall what you learned about
the geography, economy, and
people of the Northeast in EZde bn
aZ
X d c d
Unit 3. Review your notes in : ]n
\gVe
<Zd i
the completed foldable. ]ZVh
Cdgi
I]Z

Use the information from your

foldable and other sources
to write a report. Your report
should end up being several
paragraphs. The topic of your report will explain what
caused the Northeast to change over time.

Plan a Bike Trip

Suppose you are a travel agent. Your newest client wants
you to plan a bike trip. Work with a partner to plan a trip
through part of the Northeast.
1. Research areas of the Northeast that might be
best suited to a bike trip.

2. Use a map to figure out the best routes.

3. Create a presentation for your client. It should

include pictures and descriptions, and even a
map, of the trip you are suggesting.

4. You may draw pictures or create a collage from

newspapers or magazines.

5. Present your trip to your class. Be sure to

explain why you chose the particular route
you selected.

160 Unit 3