UG (B Sc) Curricular Framework, Department of Chemistry

HNB Garhwal University as per NEP 2020

Core Paper Additional Inter Disciplinary SC*

6 credits each Paper 2credits each
(4+2) 4 credit each
(2+2)
SemesterI A Core Paper I (Theory) Additional Inter-SC –I
(Code:SOS/CHEM/CT- Disciplinary Paper-I Code : SOS/CHEM/
001) (Theory) SC-I
Inorganic Chemistry -I Code: SOS/CHEM/AID T-I Basic Analytical
Organic Chemistry- I AID-Inorganic Chemistry -I Chemistry I
(Practical):(Code: AID-Organic Chemistry- I OR
SOS/CHEM/CP-001) Practical: Code Green Methods in
SOS/CHEM/AID P-I Chemistry

SemesterII Core Paper II AID- Paper II (Theory) SC –II

(Theory) (Code: SOS/CHEM/AIDT-002) Code : SOS/CHEM/
(Code:SOS/CHEM/CT- AID-Physical Chemistry- I SC-II
002) AID-Organic Chemistry-II Basic Analytical
Physical Chemistry- I (Practical): (Code:Chemistry II
Organic Chemistry-II SOS/CHEM/AIDP-002) or
(Practical):(Code: Pesticidal Chemistry
SOS/CHEM/CP-002)
SemesterIII Core Paper III AID-Paper III (Theory) SC –III
(Theory) (Code: SOS/CHEM/AIDT-003) Code : SOS/CHEM/
(Code:SOS/CHEM/CT- AID-Physical Chemistry-II SC-III
003) AID-Organic Chemistry-III Basic Analytical
Physical Chemistry-II (Practical): (Code:Chemistry I
Organic Chemistry-III SOS/CHEM/AIDP-003) OR
(Practical):(Code: Green Methods in
SOS/CHEM/CP-003) Chemistry

Semester IV Core Paper IV AID Paper IV (Theory) SC –IV

(Theory) (Code: SOS/CHEM/AIDT-004) Code : SOS/CHEM/
(Code:SOS/CHEM/CT- AID-Inorganic Chemistry-II SC-IV
004) AID-Physical Chemistry- III Basic Analytical
Inorganic Chemistry-II (Practical): (Code:Chemistry II
Physical Chemistry- III SOS/CHEM/AIDP-004) or
(Practical):(Code: Pesticide Chemistry
SOS/CHEM/CP-004)

* Note: Students can opt skill course of chemistry either in 1st Year (1-2 Semester) or
in 2nd year (3-4 semester )
 SYLLABUS OF H N B GARHWAL UNIVERSITY AS PER NEP-2020
PROGRAM: B Sc
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

1st Year (Semester I)

1. CORE PAPER – I
Title of paper: Inorganic Chemistry –I,
Organic Chemistry- I (Theory)

(Atomic Structure, Bonding and General Organic

Chemistry)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CT-001)
Credits- 04
SYLLABUS:

Section A: InorganicChemistry-1(30 lectures)

Atomic Structure:
Review of: Bohr’stheory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter and radiation,de
Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a
new approach to Atomic structure.
Quantum mechanics, Time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various
terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ2, Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial
and angular parts of the hydogenic wave functions (atomic orbitals) and their
variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial
and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distributionfunctions and the concept
of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomicorbitals.
Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers m
land ms.Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin
quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number(ms).

Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms.
Stability of half- filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy.
Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (14 Lectures )

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding . Energy considerations in

ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context
of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for
calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power
and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond
moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the
basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar,
square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic
compounds.
MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their
characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding
combination for obitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st and
2nd periods (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such
as CO, NO and NO+. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.

Section B: Organic Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Physical Effects, Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect,
Resonance and Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis.
Structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Reactive Intermediates:Carbocations, Carbanions and free radicals.
Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factor
saffecting pK values. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Huckel’s rule.

Stereochemistry (8 lectures)

Conformations with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Interconversion of

Wedge Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Concept of
chirality (upto two carbon atoms). Configuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism;
Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism and Meso compounds). Threo and erythro; D and L;
cis - trans nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E/ Z
Nomenclature (for upto two C=C systems).

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (12 lectures )

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to
be studied in context to their structure.

Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons). Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction,

Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent .Reactions: Free radical Substitution:
Halogenation.

Alkenes:(Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes

and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’srule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic
hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alk.
KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine),Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-
Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-demercuration,
Hydroboration-oxidation.

Alkynes: (Upto 5Carbons) Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into
higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetrahalides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-
dihalides.
Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4,
ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4.
ReferenceBooks:
Lee,J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS,1991.
Cotton,F.A., Wilkinson,G. & Gaus, P.L.Basic Inorganic Chemistry,3rded.,Wiley.
Douglas,B.E., McDaniel, D.H. & Alexander,J.J. Concepts and Models in Inorgani
cChemistry,JohnWiley&Sons.
Huheey,J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L. & Medhi, O.K. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education India, 2006.
Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder, S.A. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley &
Sons (2014).
th
McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7 Ed. Cengage Learning India
Edition,2013.
Sykes,P .A Guide book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, NewDelhi
(1988).
Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw Hill education, 2000.
Finar,I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II),E.L.B.S.
Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.
Bahl, A. & Bahl, B. S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

2. CORE PAPER – I
Title of paper: Inorganic Chemistry –I,
Organic Chemistry- I (Practical)
(Atomic Structure, Bonding and General Organic
Chemistry)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CP-001)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-Volumetric Analysis

1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.

2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.
3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
4. Estimation of Fe(II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator.
5. Estimation of Cu(II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3.

SectionB:OrganicChemistry
1. Detection of extra elements (N,S,Cl,Br,I) inorganic compounds (containing upto
two extra elements)
2. Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case
(combination of two compounds to be given)
Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of 2 amino acids (glycine,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine or any other amino acid ) by paper
chromatography.
Identify and separate the sugars present in the given mixture by paper chromatography.

ReferenceBooks:
• Svehla, G.Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
• Mendham,J.Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.
• Vogel,A.I., Tatchell,A.R., Furnis,B.S., Hannaford,A.J. & Smith,P.W.G., Text book of
Practical OrganicChemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
• Mann,F.G. & Saunders ,B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman,1960.

3. ADDITIONAL INTER-DISCIPLINARY PAPER – I

Title of paper: Basic Inorganic Chemistry and Fundamentals of
Organic Chemistry (Theory)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID T-001)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:
Basic Inorganic Chemistry

Atomic Structure
Review of Bohr’stheory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de
Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Quantum
numbers ,significance of quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals.Rules
for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms. Stability
of half-filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy. Relative
energies of atomic orbitals,Anomalous electronic configurations

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in

ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context
of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Born-Haber cycle and its applications.

Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the
basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar,
square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Physical Effects, Electronic Displacements: InductiveEffect, Electromeric Effect,
Resonance and Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis.
Structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions and free radicals.

4. ADDITIONAL INTER-DISCIPLINARY PAPER – I PRACTICAL

Title of paper: Basic Inorganic Chemistry and Fundamentals of Organic
Chemistry (Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID P-001)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-Volumetric Analysis

1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.
2. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
Section B: Organic Chemistry
1. Detection of extra elements (N,S,Cl,Br,I) inorganic compounds (containing upto
two extra elements).

5A. SKILL (CHEMISTRY) PAPER – I

Title of paper: BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY- I
Code: (SOS/CHEM/SKILL -001)
Credits- 02

SYLLABUS:

Introduction: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its inter disciplinary nature.

Concept of sampling. Importance of accuracy, precision and sources of error in
analytical measurements. Presentation of experimental data and results, from the
point of view of significant figures.

Analysis of soil: Composition of soil, Concept of pH and pH measurement, Complex

ometric titrations, Chelation, Chelating agents, use of indicators.

Determination of pH of soil samples. Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as

Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.

Analysis of water:Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating

water, water sampling methods, water purification methods.

Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample. Determination of dissolved

oxygen (DO) of a water sample.
Analysis of food products: Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and
food preservations and adulteration.
Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder,
asafoetida, chilli powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc. Analysis
of preservatives and colouring matter.

OR

5B. SKILL (CHEMISTRY) PAPER – II

Title of paper: GREEN METHODS IN CHEMISTRY
Code: (SOS/CHEM/SKILL -002)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:
1. Introduction: Definitions of Green Chemistry.
2. Brief introduction of twelve principles of Green Chemistry with examples,
special emphasis on atom economy, reducing toxicity, green solvents, Green
Chemistry and catalysis and alternative sources of energy, Green energy and
sustainability
3. The following Real world Casesin Green Chemistry should be discussed:
Surfactants for carbon dioxide–Replacing smog producing and ozone depleting
solvents with CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments.
4. Designing of environmentally safe marine antifoulant.
Rightfit pigment: Synthetic azo pigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic
pigments.
An efficient, green synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic
(poly lactic acid) made from corn.

ReferenceBooks:
Anastas,P.T. & Warner, J.K. Green Chemistry-Theory and Practical, Oxford University Press
(1998). Matlack, A.S. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).

1st Year (Semester II)

1. CORE PAPER – II
Title of paper: Physical Chemistry- I, Organic Chemistry-II
(CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA & FUNCTIONAL
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) (Theory)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CT-002)
Credits- 04 Theory: 60Lectures

SYLLABUS:

Section A: Physical Chemistry-1 (30Lectures)

Chemical Energetics (10 Lectures)

Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics.
Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state
and standard enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution
and dilution. Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance
energy from thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy of are action with
temperature– Kirchhoff’s equation.
Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of
substances.

Chemical Equilibrium:(8 lectures)

Free energy change in a chemical reaction. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of

chemical equilibrium. Distinction between G and Go, Le Chatelier’s principle.
Relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions involving ideal gases.

Ionic Equilibria : (12 Lectures)

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree
of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids
and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis
constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions. Solubility
and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product
principle.

SectionB: Organic Chemistry-2 (30Lectures)

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to
be studied in context to their structure.

Aromatic hydrocarbons (8 Lectures)

Preparation (Casebenzene): fromphenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from
benzene sulphonic acid.
Reactions: (Casebenzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenations and
sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (upto 4 carbons on
benzene). Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes (upto 4 carbons on benzene).

Alkyl and Aryl Halides (8 Lectures)

Alkyl Halides(Upto 5 Carbons) Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1,

SN2andSNi)reactions.

Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.

Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation.
Williamson’s ether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution.

Aryl Halides Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol,
Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions.
Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by–OH
group) and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3
(orNaNH2/NH3).
Reactivity and Relative strength of C- Halogen bond in alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl
halides.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers(Upto 5 Carbons) (14 Lectures)

Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1о, 2о and 3о alcohols: using Grignard reagent,
Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters.
Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk.
KMnO4, acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer oxidation Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons)
oxidation of diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols:(Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium
salts. Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenations and sulphonation.
Reimer-Tiemann Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction, Houben–Hoesch
Condensation, Schotten–Baumann Reaction.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.

Aldehydesandketones(aliphaticandaromatic):(Formaldehye, acetaldehyde,
acetone and benzaldehyde)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.

Reactions– Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives. Iodoform test. Aldol
Condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation.
Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. Meerwein-Pondorff Verley
reduction.

Reference Books:
• Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder,S.A. Organic Chemistry, John
Wiley & Sons(2014).
th
• McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7 Ed. Cengage Learning
India Edition, 2013.
• Sykes,P.A Guide book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman,
NewDelh (1988).
• Finar,I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol.I & II), E.L.B.S.
• Morrison,R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.
• Bahl,A. & Bahl,B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
• Barrow,G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
• Castellan,G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
• Kotz,J.C., Treichel,P.M. & Townsend,J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning
India P vt. Ltd., NewDelhi (2009).
• Mahan,B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
• Petrucci,R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co. :NewYork (1985).

2. CORE PAPER – II Practical

Title of paper: Physical Chemistry- I, Organic Chemistry-II
(CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA & FUNCTIONAL
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) (Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CP-002)
Credits- 02

SYLLABUS:

Section A: Physical Chemistry

Thermochemistry
1. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes.
2. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide.
3. Determination of enthalpy of ionization of acetic acid.
4. Determination of integral enthalpy of solution of salts(KNO3,NH4Cl).
5. Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate.
6. Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water and determination of H.

Ionic equilibria :
a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices,
shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent
damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.
b) Preparation of buffer solutions:
(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid
(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical
values.

Section B: Organic Chemistry

1. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol)
and distillation.
2. Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.
3. Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.
Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields
to be done.
(a) Bromination of Phenol /Aniline
(b) Benzoylation of amines /phenols
(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

Reference Books
• Vogel,A.I., Tatchell,A.R., Furnis,B.S., Hannaford,A.J. & Smith,P.W.G., Text book of
Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
• Mann,F.G. & Saunders,B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman,1960.
• Khosla,B.D.; Garg,V.C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand
& Co. New Delhi(2011).

3. ADDITIONAL INTER- DISCIPLINARY PAPER – II THEORY

Title of paper: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(Theory )
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID T-002)
Credits- 02

SYLLABUS:

Section A: Physical Chemistry-1

Chemical Energetics
Concept of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics.

Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state

and standard enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution
and dilution. Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance
energy from thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with
temperature–Kirchhoff’ sequation.
Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of
substances.

Section B: Organic Chemistry

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes:(Upto 5 Carbons). Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction,
Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent.
Reactions:Free radical Substitution:Halogenation.
Alkenes: (Upto5Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes
and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’srule); cisalkenes (Partial catalytic
hydrogenation)and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alk.
KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-
Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-demercuration,
Hydroboration-oxidation.

Alkynes: (Upto 5Carbons) Preparation, Reactions:formation of metal acetylides,

addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4,ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4.
4. ADDITIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY PAPER – II PRACTICAL

Title of paper: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

(Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID P-002)
Credits- 02

SYLLABUS:
Section :A Inorganic Chemistry
Qualitative analysis of inorganic mixtures:Not more than four ionic species(two anion s
and two cations.

Section :B Organic Chemistry :

Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing mono
functional groups(-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and
preparation of one derivative.

5C. SKILL (CHEMISTRY) PAPER – III

Title of paper: BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY- II
Code: (SOS/CHEM/SKILL-003)
Credits- 02

SYLLABUS:

Chromatography: Definition, general introduction on principles of

chromatography, paper chromatography, TLC etc.
Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion (Fe3+and Al3+).
To compare paints amples by TLC method.
Ion-exchange: Column, ion-exchange chromatography etc.

Determination of ion exchange capacity of anion / cation exchangers in (using batch

procedure if use of column is not feasible ).

Analysis of cosmetics: Major and minor constituents and their function. Analysis of
deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate.
Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide, Calcium oxide,
Zinc oxide and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.

Reference Books:

th
Willard,H.H., Merritt,L.L., Dean,J. & Settoe,F.A. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. 7 Ed.
Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd., Belmont, California,USA,1988.
Skoog,D.A. Holler F.J.& Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage
Learning India Ed.
th
Skoog,D.A.; West,D.M. & Holler,F.J. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 6 Ed., Saunders
College Publishing, FortWorth (1992).

Harris,D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W.H. Freeman. Dean , J.A. Analytical Chemistry
Note book, McGraw Hill.
Day, R. A. & Underwood, A.L. Quantitative Analysis, Prentice Hall of India. Freifelder, D.
nd
Physical Biochemistry 2 Ed. ,W .H. Freeman and Co., N.Y.USA (1982). Cooper, T.G. The
Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.USA. 16 (1977).
th
Vogel,A.I. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis 7 Ed., Prentice Hall.
th
Robinson,J.W. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis 5 Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
(1995).

OR

5D: SKILL (CHEMISTRY) PAPER –IV

Title of paper: PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY
Code: (SOS/CHEM/SKILL-004)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:

General introduction to pesticides (natural and synthetic), Types : Insecticides,

Herbicides, benefits and adverse effects, changing concepts of pesticides, structure
activity relationship. Biopesticides, uses and future perspectives
Pesticidal poisoning, synthesis and technical manufacture and uses of representative
pesticides in the following classes:
Organochlorines: Gammexene, Organophosphates(Malathion, Parathion, pyrethroids),
Carbamates (Carbofuran and carbaryl); Quinones. Pheromones, repellents and
rodenticides.

ReferenceBook:
Cremlyn, R. Pesticides. Preparation and Modes of Action, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork,1978
2ND Year (Semester III)

1. CORE PAPER – III (Theory)

Title of paper: Physical Chemistry-II, Organic Chemistry -III
(SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE,
ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL GROUP ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY-II) (Theory)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CT-003)
Credits- 04
SYLLABUS:

Section A: Physical Chemistry (30 Lectures)

Solutions (8 Lectures)
Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations from
Raoult’s law– non- ideal solutions. Vapour pressure- composition and temperature-
composition curves of ideal and non ideal solutions. Distillation of solutions. Lever
rule. Azeotropes. Partial miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of
impurity on partial miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids Principle of steam
distillation. Nernst distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction.

Phase Equilibrium (8 Lectures)

Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium.

Gibbs Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius Clapeyron
equation and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase diagrams of one-component
systems (water and sulphur) and two component systems involving eutectics,
congruent and incongruent melting points(lead-silver,FeCl3-H2O and Na-K only).

Conductance
Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for
weak and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving
boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements:
determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility
products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a
salt. Conductometric titrations (only acid-base).

Electrochemistry (6 Lectures)

Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a

cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode
potential. Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of
thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from EMF data.
Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with
transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge.
pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone electrode.
Potentiometric titrations –qualitative treatment(acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Section B: Organic Chemistry-3(30Lectures)

Functional group approach for the following reactions(preparations& reactions) to be

studied in context to their structure.
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives

Carboxylic acids (aliphatic and aromatic) Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis of
esters. Reactions: Hell–Vohlard-Zelinsky Reaction.
Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons) (6 Lectures)

Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their
interconversion. Reactions:Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives.
Reformatsky Reaction, Perkin condensation.

Amines and Diazonium Salts (6 Lectures)

Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic):(Upto5carbons)

Preparation: from alkylhalides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide

reaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with
HNO2, Schotten –Baumann Reaction. Electrophilic substitution (caseaniline): nitration,
bromination, sulphonation.
Diazoniumsalts: Preparation: from aromatic amines. Reactions: conversion to benzene,
phenol, dyes.

Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins (10 Lectures)

Preparation of AminoAcids: Strecker synthesis using Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis.
Zwitterion, Isoelectric point and Electrophoresis.
Reactions of Amino acids: ester of –COOH group, acetylation of–NH2 group,
complexation with Cu2+ions, ninhydrin test.
Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of proteins.

Determination of Primary structure of Peptides by degradation Edmann degradation

(N-terminal) and C–terminal (thiohydantoin and with carboxypeptidase enzyme).
Synthesis of simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl
and phthaloyl) & C-activating groups and Merrifield solid-phase synthesis.

Carbohydrates (8 Lectures)
Classification, and General Properties, Glucose and Fructose (open chain and cyclic
structure), Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, absolute configuration
of Glucose and Fructose, Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharides.
Structure of disacharrides (sucrose, cellobiose, maltose, lactose) and polysacharrides
(starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation.

ReferenceBooks:
• Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
• Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa(2004).
• Kotz,J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend,J.R. General Chemistry, Cengage
Learning India Pvt. Ltd. :NewDelhi (2009).
• Mahan,B.H. University Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
• Petrucci,R.H. General Chemistry, 5th Ed., Macmillan Publishing Co. :NewYork(1985).
• Morrison,R. T. & Boyd,R.N. OrganicChemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
• Finar,I.L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1),Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
• Finar,I.L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(PearsonEducation).
th
• Nelson,D.L. & Cox, M.M.Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7 Ed., W.H.
Freeman.
• Berg,J.M., Tymoczko,J.L. & Stryer,L. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2002.

4. Title of paper: Physical Chemistry-II, Organic Chemistry -III

(SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE,
ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL GROUP ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY-II) (Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CP-003)
SYLLABUS:
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Distribution
Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:
I2(aq)+I-(aq)I3-(aq)
Cu2+(aq)+xNH2(aq)[Cu(NH3)x]2+

Phase equilibria
a) Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using
cooling curves.
b) Determination of the critical solution temperature and composition of the
phenol water system and study of the effect of impurities on it.
c) Study of the variation of mutual solubility temperature with concentration
for the phenol water system and determination of the critical solubility temperature.
Conductance
I. Determination of cell constant
II. Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and
dissociation constant of a weak acid.
III. Perform the following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base

Potentiometry
Perform the following potentiometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs . strong base
iii. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
SectionB: Organic Chemistry
I Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possess in mono
functional groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and
preparation of one derivative.
II
1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
2. Determination of the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.
3. Titration curve of glycine
4. Action of salivary amylase on starch
5. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch.
6. Differentiation between a reducing and a non reducing sugar.

ReferenceBooks:
• Vogel,A.I., Tatchell,A.R., Furnis,B.S., Hannaford,A.J. & Smith,P.W.G., Text book of
Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
• Mann,F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman,1960.
• Khosla,B. D. ;Garg,V.C. & Gulati,A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co.: NewDelhi (2011).
• Ahluwalia,V.K. & Aggarwal,R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,
Universities Press.

3. AID PAPER – III (Theory)

Title of paper: Chemical Equilibrium and Aromatic Hydrocarbon
(Theory)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID T-003)
Credits- 04
SYLLABUS:

Section A: Physical Chemistry-1

Chemical Equilibrium:

Free energy change in a chemical reaction. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of

chemical equilibrium. Distinction between G and Go, LeChatelier’s principle.
Relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions involving ideal gases.

Ionic Equilibria:

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree
of ionization,ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids
and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis- calculation of hydrolysis
constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions. Solubility
and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product
principle.

Section :B Organic Chemistry

Aromatic hydrocarbons
Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from
benzene sulphonic acid.
Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenations and
sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (upto 4 carbons on
benzene). Side chain oxidation of alkylbenzenes (upto 4 carbons on benzene).

4. AID PAPER – III (Practical )

Title of paper: Chemical Equilibrium and Aromatic Hydrocarbon

(Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID P-003)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:

Physical Chemistry
Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a
stalagmometer.
Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution using
an Ostwald’s viscometer.

Organic Chemistry :

1. Determination of melting and boiling points.

2. Preparation of :
(a) m- di- nitrobenzene from benzene
(b) p- nitro acetanilide from acetanilide

References
Cann,M.C. & Connely,M.E. Real-World casesin Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society, Washington (2000).

Ryan,M.A. & Tinnesand,M. Introduction to Green Chemistry, American Chemical

Society, Washington (2002).

Sharma,R.K.; Sidhwani,I.T. & Chaudhari,M.K. Green Chemistry Experiments: A monograph

I.K.I nternational Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi, Bangalore.
Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An introductory text RSC publishing, 2nd Edition.
Sidhwani,I.T., Saini,G., Chowdhury,S., Garg,D.,Malovika, Garg,N. Wealth from waste:
A green method to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil and generation of useful
products from Waste further generated “A Social Awareness Project”, Delhi University
Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation, 1(1): 2015.
2ND Year (Semester IV)

1. CORE PAPER – IV (Theory)

Title of paper: Inorganic Chemistry-II, Physical Chemistry- III
(COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, STATES OF MATTER &
CHEMICAL KINETICS) (Theory)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CT-004)
Credits- 04
SYLLABUS: Theory: 60 Lectures

Transition Elements (3dseries) (12 Lectures)

General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration,

Variable valency, colour, magnetic and catalytic properties, ability to form complexes
and stability of various oxidation states(Latimer diagrams) for Mn, Fe and Cu.
Lanthanoids and actinoids: Electronic configurations, oxidation states, colour,
magnetic properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion exchange
method only).

Coordination Chemistry (8 Lectures)

Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Inner and outer orbital complexes of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu
(coordination numbers 4 and 6). Structural and stereoisomerism in complexes with
coordination numbers 4 and 6.
Drawbacks of VBT. IUPAC system of nomenclature.

Crystal Field Theory (10 Lectures)

Crystal field effect, octahedral symmetry. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE),
Crystal field effects for weak and strong fields. Tetrahedral symmetry. Factors
affecting the magnitude of D. Spectrochemical series. Comparison of CFSE for Oh and
Th complexes, Tetragonal distortion of octahedral geometry. Jahn-Teller distortion,
Square planar coordination.

Section B: Physical Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures)

Kinetic Theory of Gases (8 Lectures)
Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gasequation.
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of
deviation. Vander Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature (derivation
not required). Critical phenomena, critical constants and their calculation from vander
Waals equation. Andrews isotherms of CO2.
Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies
(graphic representation–derivation not required) and their importance.
Temperature dependence of these distributions. Most probable, average and root
mean square velocities (no derivation). Collision cross section, collision number,
collision frequency, collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. Viscosity of
gases and effect of temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity (qualitative
treatment only).
Liquids (6 Lectures)
Surface tension and its determination using stalagmometer. Viscosity of a liquid and
determination of coefficient of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer. Effect of
temperature on surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid (qualitative
treatment only).

Solids (8 Lectures)
Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types
and identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography - Law of constancy of
interfacial angles, Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X–Ray diffraction by crystals,
Bragg’s law. Structures of NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in
crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals.

Chemical Kinetics ( 8 Lectures)

The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other
factors on reactionrates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of
integrated rate equations for zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and
unequal concentrations of reactants).Half–life of a reaction.General methods for
determination of order of a reaction. Concept of activation energy and its calculation
from Arrhenius equation.
Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of
bimolecular reactions. Comparison of the two theories(qualitative treatment only).

ReferenceBooks:
• Barrow,G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
• Castellan,G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
• Kotz,J.C., Treichel,P.M. & Townsend,J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning
India P vt. Ltd., NewDelhi (2009).
• Mahan,B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed .Narosa (1998).
• Petrucci,R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York (1985).
• Cotton,F.A. & Wilkinson,G. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley.
• Shriver,D.F. & Atkins, P.W. Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
• Wulfsberg,G. Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
• Rodgers,G.E. Inorganic & Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Ltd. ,2008.

2. CORE PAPER – IV (Practical )

Title of paper: Inorganic Chemistry-II, Physical Chemistry- III
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, STATES OF MATTER &
CHEMICAL KINETICS (Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/CP-004)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry

Semi- micro qualitative analysis using H2S of mixtures-not more than four ionic species
(two anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:
Cations:NH4+,Pb2+,Ag+,Bi3+,Cu2+,Cd2+,Sn2+,Fe3+,Al3+,Co2+, Cr3+,Ni2+,Mn2+,Zn2+,
Ba2+,Sr2+,Ca2+,K+
Anions: CO32–, S2–, SO2 ,S2O32-, NO3–, CH3COO–, Cl–, Br –, I–, NO3–, SO42-, PO43-,
BO33-, C2O42-, F-.

(Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)

1. Estimate the amount of nickel present in a given solution as
bis(dimethylglyoximato)nickel (II) or aluminium as oximate in a given solution
gravimetrically.

2. Draw calibration curve (absorbance at λ max vs. concentration) for various

concentrations of a given coloured compound (KMnO4/ CuSO4) and estimate
the concentration of the same in a given solution.
3. Determine the composition of the Fe3+-salicylic acid complex solution by Job’s
method.
4. Estimation of (i) Mg2+or (ii) Zn2+by complexometric titrations using EDTA.

5. Estimation of total hardness of a given sample of water by complexometric

titration.
6. Determination of concentration of Na+ and K+ using Flame Photometry.

Section B: Physical Chemistry

(I) Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).

a) Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a

stalagmometer.
b) Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with
concentration.

(II) Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).

a) Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute

solution using an Ostwald’s viscometer.
b) Study of the variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration
of solute.
(III) Chemical Kinetics

Study the kinetics of the following reactions.

1. Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction
2. Integrated rate method:
a. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
b. Saponification of ethylacetate.
c. Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of
hydrolysis of methylacetate.

Reference Books:
• Svehla,G.Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
• Mendham,J.Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.
• Khosla,B.D.; Garg,V.C. & Gulati,A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.Chand
& Co.: NewDelhi (2011).

3. AID PAPER –IV (Theory)

Title of paper: Physical and Inorganic Chemistry ( Solutions, S and P

block Elements) (Theory)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID T-004)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:

Section A: Physical Chemistry

Solutions
Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations
from Raoult’s law-non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and
temperature-composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of
solutions. Lever rule. Azeotropes.
Partial miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on
partial miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids Principle of steam distillation.
Nernst distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction.

Section B: Inorganic chemistry

Chemistry of S and P blocks elements:
General characteristics, anomalous behavior, diagonal relationship and role of
sodium and potassium ions in biological systems. Oxides of boron, allotropic forms of
carbon, carbides, silicates and fertilizers.
Fullerenes and poly halides.
4. AID PAPER –IV (Practical )
Title of paper: Physical and Inorganic Chemistry ( Solutions, S and P
block Elements) (Practical)
Code: (SOS/CHEM/AID P-004)
Credits- 02
SYLLABUS:

Physical Chemistry
Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos
and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoo stop revent damage to the
glass electrode) using pH-meter.

Organic Chemistry
1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.
2. Differentiation between a reducing and a nonreducing sugar.
3. Determination of COD /BOD and DO of water samples.

Skill (Chemistry)

Note: Skill paper of 1st semester and 3rd semester (Basic Analytical Chemistry I
OR Green Methods in Chemistry) and skill of 2nd semester and 4th semester (Basic
Analytical Chemistry II or Pesticidal Chemistry) will be the same