Air Pollution Monitoring System Using IOT

* Note: Sub-titles are not captured in Xplore and should not be used

1st Mamoon abdulmalik Hamim 2nd Anas Rafiq Alshargabi

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Sana’a The University of Sana’a
Sana’a,Yemen Sana’a,Yemen
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Air pollution is one of environmental issues that the problem statement, objectives, data and functional require-
cannot be ignored. Industrial growth and urbanization results in ments and identification of hardware and software used in the
the air pollutants concentrations in many areas. These pollutants implementation. Figure 2 shows the general architecture of
can cause damages in human health and other living organisms.
The available pollutant emission monitoring systems, such as this proposed .
Opsis, Codel, Urac and TAS-Air metrics are typically expensive. 1) Data Requirement: There are three sensors attached to
In addition, these systems have limitations to be installed on the Arduino Uno R3, which are MQ135 sensor can sense
chimney due to their principle of operation. This causes other [NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene , CO2], MQ2 sensor can detect-
areas surrounding the factories being monitored and hence cause
healthy issues. This report proposes an industrial air pollution
ing of [LPG, i-butane, propane, methane , Hydrogen, smoke]
monitoring system based the Air Quality is measured and viewed And MQ7 sensor can sense carbon monoxide (CO). they will
in a real-time value and send alert when the air quality goes sense all gases, By monitoring harmful gases present in the air
down beyond a certain level. The proposed system has various surrounding the system it also checks high pollution rate and
applications like in industry where the pollution levels check of compare it with standard levels and when quality goes down
dangerous gasses is paramount. Further pollution information
is used to alert the workers about the air quality in their
beyond a certain level it sends notification to human that it’s
surroundings are not good for health. not safe. means when there are sufficient amount of harmful
Index Terms—Sensor , Arduino , GSM , Emission , Smoke gases are present in the air like CO2, smoke ,CO,alcohol,
benzene and NH3.It will sends notification (SMS message)
I. I NTRODUCTION and show the air quality on the LCD and can also trigger
With the fast development of the industrialization and urban- some device operated to purify the air , such as switch on the
ization process in the world, environmental pollution is now Exhaust fan.
a common problem in most of the countries. Environmental 2) Software Requirement: It is used to program the Ar-
pollution includes; air pollution, water pollution and soil duino Uno by using Arduino IDE as its framework. Besides,
pollution. Air pollution can be defined as the presence of several modules were also integrated with the system to realize
contaminants or pollutant substances in the air that interfere the system’s functionalities.
with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful 3) Hardware Requirement: The core development of this
environmental effects. To overcome this problem, proposed IoT device consist of an Arduino Uno R3, which is a micro-
SYSTEM is one step forward towards the environment and controller board with 20 digital input/output pins that work
pollution levels around the manufacturing industries needs to as a processing device for this system. Due to its flexibility
be monitored efficiently, reliably and accurately. The main ob- and ability to respond to sensors and inputs, this Arduino can
jective of this study is to develop a low-cost smart environment interact with a large array of outputs. Figure 3 shows the
monitoring system for air pollution using Internet of Things circuit diagram used for each node in the proposed system.
(IoT). This report is organized into four (4) parts. Section II For the prototype of this proposed system, DC were used as
briefly describe the methodology used in this work, meanwhile the power supply.The important key of this IoT device is the
Section III presents the detailed explanation of its results and sensor. A sensor is a device that detects or measures a physical
discussion. At the end of this report, the development of this environment and respond to it. The output of these sensors
system is being concluded. is directly sent to an Arduino board, which in turn sends a
notification to the user through a GSM SIM 900D.
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Requirement Planning B. User Design
It is important to determine the needs of the study before
doing the system. These needs include the establishment of User design is created based on requirements collected
in the early phase. In this phase, model and prototype that
Identify applicable funding agency here. If none, delete this. represent all system processes including inputs and outputs
are developed. A detailed user design includes how the sys- Spell out units when they appear in text: “. . . a few
tem’s flow, from beginning until the end, how many users henries”, not “. . . a few H”.
include and how the systems architecture looks like. This • Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use
phase enables users to see to general flow of the system, “cm3 ”, not “cc”.)
understand the process flow and modify the working model
of the system that meets their needs. Figure 2 demonstrate the C. Equations
general architecture of the proposed system which integrates Number equations consecutively. To make your equations
the sensors, mini buzzer, GSM Module and cloud storage more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
with the Arduino Uno R3. The outcomes from this phase will function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols
deliver to the next phase which is the construction phase for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a
C. Construction long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate
equations with commas or periods when they are part of a
In construction phase, the detailed gritty diagram of the sys-
sentence, as in:
tem models is completed with the system realization, frame-
work and imperative documentation designed work for the a+b=γ (1)
proposed application. During the period time of construction,
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
three (3) phases should be done which is the establishment
before or immediately following the equation. Use “(1)”, not
of hardware and software. It is important to configure all
“Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a
hardware integrated in the system and program the Arduino
sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .”
Uno board based on the proposed design to ensure the system
works properly. In addition, the fan unit must be properly D. LATEX-Specific Advice
configured to purify the air. The last part in construction phase
was an SMS notification to the user through a GSM SIM 900D Please use “soft” (e.g., \eqref{Eq}) cross references
to alert them about the pollution. The process cycle between instead of “hard” references (e.g., (1)). That will make it
the user design phase and construction until final prototype is possible to combine sections, add equations, or change the
created. Figure 4 shows the flow of the proposed system. order of figures or citations without having to go through the
file line by line.
III. R ESULT AND D ISCUSSION Please don’t use the {eqnarray} equation environ-
Before you begin to format your paper, first write and ment. Use {align} or {IEEEeqnarray} instead. The
save the content as a separate text file. Complete all content {eqnarray} environment leaves unsightly spaces around
and organizational editing before formatting. Please note sec- relation symbols.
tions III-A–III-E below for more information on proofreading, Please note that the {subequations} environment in
spelling and grammar. LATEX will increment the main equation counter even when
Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text there are no equation numbers displayed. If you forget that,
has been formatted and styled. Do not number text heads— you might write an article in which the equation numbers skip
LATEX will do that for you. from (17) to (20), causing the copy editors to wonder if you’ve
discovered a new method of counting.
A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
BIBTEX does not work by magic. It doesn’t get the biblio-
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are graphic data from thin air but from .bib files. If you use BIBTEX
used in the text, even after they have been defined in the to produce a bibliography you must send the .bib files.
abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, ac, dc, LATEX can’t read your mind. If you assign the same label to
and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations a subsubsection and a table, you might find that Table I has
in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable. been cross referenced as Table IV-B3.
B. Units LATEX does not have precognitive abilities. If you put a
• Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units \label command before the command that updates the
are encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary counter it’s supposed to be using, the label will pick up the last
units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of counter to be cross referenced instead. In particular, a \label
English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-inch disk command should not go before the caption of a figure or a
drive”. table.
• Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current Do not use \nonumber inside the {array} environment.
in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often It will not stop equation numbers inside {array} (there
leads to confusion because equations do not balance won’t be any anyway) and it might stop a wanted equation
dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state number in the surrounding equation.
the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.
• Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: E. Some Common Mistakes
“Wb/m2 ” or “webers per square meter”, not “webers/m2 ”. • The word “data” is plural, not singular.
 • The subscript for the permeability of vacuum µ0 , and provided by the drop down menu to differentiate the head from
other common scientific constants, is zero with subscript the text.
formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”. Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical
• In American English, commas, semicolons, periods, ques- basis. For example, the paper title is the primary text head
tion and exclamation marks are located within quotation because all subsequent material relates and elaborates on this
marks only when a complete thought or name is cited, one topic. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next
such as a title or full quotation. When quotation marks level head (uppercase Roman numerals) should be used and,
are used, instead of a bold or italic typeface, to highlight conversely, if there are not at least two sub-topics, then no
a word or phrase, punctuation should appear outside of subheads should be introduced.
the quotation marks. A parenthetical phrase or statement
H. Figures and Tables
at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the
closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence a) Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and
is punctuated within the parentheses.) tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them
• A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”. The in the middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span
word alternatively is preferred to the word “alternately” across both columns. Figure captions should be below the
(unless you really mean something that alternates). figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert
• Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approxi- figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the
mately” or “effectively”. abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence.
• In your paper title, if the words “that uses” can accurately
replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”; if not, keep TABLE I
TABLE T YPE S TYLES
using lower-cased.
• Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones Table Table Column Head
Head Table column subhead Subhead Subhead
“affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”,
copy More table copya
“discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”. a Sample of a Table footnote.

• Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.

• The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the
word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.
• There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation Fig. 1. Example of a figure caption.
“et al.”.
Figure Labels: Use 8 point Times New Roman for Figure
• The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is”, and the abbrevi-
labels. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when
ation “e.g.” means “for example”.
writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As an
An excellent style manual for science writers is [7]. example, write the quantity “Magnetization”, or “Magnetiza-
tion, M”, not just “M”. If including units in the label, present
F. Authors and Affiliations them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. In
The class file is designed for, but not limited to, six the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization
authors. A minimum of one author is required for all confer- {A[m(1)]}”, not just “A/m”. Do not label axes with a ratio of
ence articles. Author names should be listed starting from left quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K)”,
to right and then moving down to the next line. This is the not “Temperature/K”.
author sequence that will be used in future citations and by ACKNOWLEDGMENT
indexing services. Names should not be listed in columns nor
group by affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as succinct as The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
possible (for example, do not differentiate among departments America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted
of the same organization). expression “one of us (R. B. G.) thanks . . .”. Instead, try
“R. B. G. thanks. . .”. Put sponsor acknowledgments in the
G. Identify the Headings unnumbered footnote on the first page.

Headings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide the R EFERENCES

reader through your paper. There are two types: component Please number citations consecutively within brackets [1].
heads and text heads. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply
Component heads identify the different components of to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use “Ref. [3]”
your paper and are not topically subordinate to each other. or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
Examples include Acknowledgments and References and, for “Reference [3] was the first . . .”
these, the correct style to use is “Heading 5”. Use “figure Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the ac-
caption” for your Figure captions, and “table head” for your tual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was
table title. Run-in heads, such as “Abstract”, will require you cited. Do not put footnotes in the abstract or reference list.
to apply a style (in this case, italic) in addition to the style Use letters for table footnotes.
 Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names;
do not use “et al.”. Papers that have not been published,
even if they have been submitted for publication, should be
cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for
publication should be cited as “in press” [5]. Capitalize only
the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and
element symbols.
For papers published in translation journals, please give the
English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
citation [6].
R EFERENCES
[1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of
Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.
Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.
[2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol.
2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
[4] K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
[5] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name
Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE
Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th
Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
[7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: Univer-
sity Science, 1989.

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