Chapter 4A
Video and Sound
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Monitors
• Most common output device
• Connects to the video card
• Categorized by color output
– Monochrome
• One color with black background
– Grayscale Weakest amount of light (Black)
• Varying degrees of gray
• grayscale display carries an amount of
light, ranging from the weakest amount of
light, or black, to the strongest amount of
light, or white.
– Color
• Display 4 to 16 million colors
4A-2
Monitors
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
– Most common type of monitor
– Electrons fired from the back
– Electrons excite/animate phosphor to glow
– Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels
Heater Rod is covered with cathode
As soon as rod get heated, the
cathode will also be heated
And property of cathode says
that as cathode is heated, this
emits the electrons
Electrons usually spread out here
and there but in this case the
electrons should move straight
Grid Focuses and Pass electrons
beam at high speed
Pre-Accelerating Anode ->
Focusing Anode-> Accelerating
Anode Provide Path
Electronic Gun:
Heater+Grid+assembly of
cathode is known as electron
gun.
Screen Metal is used in screen is
of Zinc Sulphate, or Zinc Tungsten Or
Zic Oxide.
And This metal is coated with
phosphorus
Monitors
• CRT color
– Phosphor dots arranged in triads
– Red, green, and blue dots
– Three colors blend to make colors
– Varying the intensity creates new colors
CRT color
Monitors
• CRT drawbacks
– Very large
– Very heavy
– Use a lot of electricity
Monitors
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
– A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is a
computer monitor or display that uses
LCD technology to show clear images
and is found mostly in laptop computers
and flat panel monitors.
Monitors- Passive matrix LCD
• Passive matrix LCD
– Passive-matrix is an LCD technology that uses a
grid of vertical and horizontal wires to display an
image on the screen.
– Pixels are arranged in a Grid (to make an image)
– Pixels are activated indirectly (rows and Column are
activated)
– Animation can be blurry
– Narrow view angle
– Pixels do not refresh quickly
– Color display is determined by electricity coming from
transistors at the end of the row and top of the
column.
• The intersection of the columns and rows are the pixels
Monitors- Passive matrix LCD
Monitors- Active-matrix LCD
• Active-matrix LCD
– Each pixel is activated directly
– Pixels have 4 transistors
• One each for red, green, blue
• One for opaqueness (denseness)
– Animation is crisp and clean
– Quick Pixel Refresh Rate
– Wide view angle
Monitors- Active-matrix LCD
Monitors
• Drawbacks to LCD
– More expensive than CRT
– Must sit directly in front of screen
– Can be more fragile than CRT
Monitors and Video Cards
• Monitors impacts user effectiveness
• Monitors should have
– Crisp text
– Clear graphics
– Adjustable controls
– Clear edges
Monitors and Video Cards
• Size of monitor
– Measured in inches
– Measured diagonally
– Actual size
• Distance from corner to corner
– Viewable size
• Useable portion of the screen
Monitors and Video Cards
• Resolution
– The number of horizontal and vertical pixels
on a display screen. The more pixels, the
more information is visible without scrolling.
• Standard Display Resolution Sizes.
Name(s) Resolution in pixels
High Definition (HD) 1280 x 720
Full HD, FHD 1920 x 1080
2K, Quad HD, QHD 2560 x 1440
Concept of Aspect Ratio
• The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio
of its width to its height and is expressed
with two numbers separated by a colon,
such as 16:9, sixteen-to-nine.
Concept of Aspect Ratio
Monitors and Video Cards
• Refresh rate
– Number of time the screen is redrawn
– Modern equipment sets this automatically
– Improper settings can cause eyestrain
Video Cards
• Device between the CPU and monitor
• Better cards result in better output
• Removes burden of drawing from CPU
• Have their own processor and RAM
• Modern cards have up to 8 GB RAM
• GPU- RTX-
https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-
specs/geforce-rtx-3080.c3621
• Capable of execution of 3D images
Data Projectors
• Replaced overhead and slide projectors
• Project image onto wall or screen
• LCD projectors
– Most common type of projector
– Small LCD screen
– Very bright light
– Require a darkened room
Data Projectors
• Digital Light Projectors
– A series of mirrors control the display
– May be used in a lighted room
Sound Systems
• Integral part of the computer experience
• Capable of recording and playback
Sound Systems
• Sound card
– Device between the CPU and speakers
– Converts digital sounds to analog
– Can be connected to several devices
– Modern cards support Dolby Surround
Sound
Sound Systems
• Headphones and headsets
– Replacement for speakers and
microphones
– Offer privacy
– Does not annoy other people
– Outside noise is not a factor
– Headsets have speakers and a microphone
Chapter 4A
End of Chapter
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
