Output Devices, Chapter 4

Objectives
Define the four types of output
Identify the different types of display devices
Describe factors that affect the quality of a monitor
Understand the purpose of a video card
Identify monitor ergonomic issues

2 Output, Chapter 5
 Objectives (Continued)
Explain the differences among various types of
printers
List the types of audio output devices
Identify the purpose of data projects, fax
machines, and multifunction devices
Explain how a terminal is both an input and
output device
Identify output options for physically
challenged users.

3 Output, Chapter 5
 What Is Output?
Text
Graphics
Audio
Video

4 Output, Chapter 5
5 Output, Chapter 5
 Hard Copy vs. Soft Copy Output
Hard Copy (Paper Output)

Soft Copy
(Monitor Display)
El Centro
College

6 Output, Chapter 5
 Output: Monitors, Printers, Plotters,
and Voice
Most output can be divided into two categories: Soft
Copy and Hard Copy.
Soft copy includes output from monitors and from
audio devices.
Hard copy output includes output from printers,
plotters, and microfilm and microfiche.

7 Output, Chapter 5
 What are Output Devices?
Any computer component capable of conveying
information to a user

8 Output, Chapter 5
Some Output Devices

Paper
Video Monitor

Sound

Controlling
Other Machines
Types of Output

Soft Copy
Hard Copy
Communications Channel
 Screen Output – Soft Copy

Video Monitor
Also called Video Display
Terminal (VDT)
Image exists in video memory
—VRAM
Monitor size is measured
diagonally across the screen
 Pixels
Images are made up of
dots called pixels for
picture elements
The number of pixels determines the clarity
of the picture on the screen
More pixels = higher resolution = clearer
picture
 Color Depth (Bit Depth)
This means the amount of information stored in
each pixel about what is being shown on the
monitor
Monochrome (1 bit of information per pixel)
 This can only be black or white
Gray-scale (8 bits of information per pixel)
 This can show more shades of grey
True color (24 or 32 bits of information per pixel)
 This can realistically reproduce a photograph on the screen
that looks very close to the original
 Examples of Color Depth
The greater the color depth the more colours that can
be represented on the screen

1-bit depth 4-bit depth

8-bit depth 16-bit depth

 Output Devices
Any computer component capable of
conveying information to a user
Output devices convert machine readable
information into people-readable form.
The output devices most commonly used
with microcomputers are:
 Monitors
 Printers
 Plotters
 Voice-Output Devices

15 Output, Chapter 5
 Display Devices
An output device that visually conveys text, graphics,
and video information
CRT Monitors
Screen housed in a plastic or metal case
Color monitor

16 Output, Chapter 5
 Output Devices = Monitors

PIXE
LS Types
CRT
Flat-screen
Resolution
Pixels
RESO
LUTI
SVGA or VGA ON

Monochrome or color

17 Output, Chapter 5
 Monitors
cathode ray tube (CRT)
liquid crystal display (LCD)

Laptop color LCD

display

Desktop computers
18 Output, Chapteruse
5 a CRT
CATHODE RAY TUBE
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an 
electron gun 
(a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or
external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam, used to
create images in the form of light emitted from the fluorescent
screen.
 Monitors
Monitors are also called:
display screens
video display
video display terminal (VDT).

20 Output, Chapter 5
 Monitors
Images are represented on monitors by individual dots
or “picture elements” called pixels.
A pixel is the smallest unit on the screen that can be
turned on and off or made different shades.

21 Output, Chapter 5
 Pixels

22 Output, Chapter 5
 Monitors
(Continued)
The density of the dots determine the screen
resolution which is the clarity of the images on the
screen.
The greater the number of dots on the screen, the
better the resolution will be.
Monitors are categorized according to screen
resolution as either high resolution or low resolution.

23 Output, Chapter 5
 Monitors
(Continued)
The type of monitor used most often for the office and
home is the desktop monitor.
These are also called catherode-ray-tube or CRTs.
Smaller portable monitors are available such as an
LCD panel (Liquid Crystal Display) panels.

24 Output, Chapter 5
 Flat-Panel Monitors

• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

(Notebooks use LCD displays)

25 Output, Chapter 5
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LCDs comprise flat-panel monitors
Found on watches, calculators, digital cameras and
notebook computers
Lighter weight
Crisp,clear images
Extra viewing area for same size
More expensive to buy
Consume less power
 Flat-Panel Monitors (Continued)
Data projectors
Allows an audience to view output
LCD projectors
Digital light processing (DLP) projector

27 Output, Chapter 5
 Screen Size

Quoted Size and Actual Viewable Area

Monitor Size Viewable Area
21 inches 20 inches
17 inches 16 inches
15 inches 14 inches

28 Output, Chapter 5
 Video Graphics Adapter

Common color depth

Color Depth Number of colors
VGA (4 bits) 16
256 Color Mode (8 bits) 256
High Color (16 bits) 65,536
True Color (24 bits) 16,777,216

29 Output, Chapter 5
 Size is measured The picture is scanned
diagonally. from left to right and
from top to bottom.

One complete set of scan

lines is called a frame.

Refresh rate = number of

frames in one second

Resolution = no. of pixels

(i.e. 1024 x 768)

30 1 pixel in a color monitor

 Video Graphics Adapter

Common PC resolutions
640 x 480
800 x 600
1024 x 768
1600 x 1200

31 Output, Chapter 5
 Output Devices
Engaging Our Senses

Video Adapters
 video RAM (VRAM)
 video graphics adapter (VGA)
 super VGA
 refresh rate
 flicker

32 Output, Chapter 5
LCD , LED
AND
PLASMA TV
 INTRODUCTION
 Television (TV) is a telecommunication
medium for transmitting and receiving moving
images that can be monochrome (Black and
White) or colored, with or without
accompanying sound.

 The word Tele is a Greek word meaning

“Distant” and Vision meaning “Sight”.

 The components used in old TV's are

essentially very similar to the components used
in modern TV's;  that is, they perform the same
function as their modern counterparts. Where
they differ greatly however, is in their size.
 There are different types of TV depending upon the display device
used.

 Display Device
A display device is an output device for presentation of information
in visual form. When the input information is supplied as an
electrical signal, the display is called an electronic display.

 Types of Display Devices

1. Cathode Ray Tube
2. Flat - Panel Display
FLAT PANEL DISPLAY
 Flat panel displays (sometimes referred to as flatscreens,
which more technically mean screens with fully flat front
surfaces) encompass a growing number of
electronic visual display technologies.
 They are far lighter and thinner than traditional television sets
and video displays that use cathode ray tubes (CRTs), and are
usually less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) thick.
LIQUID CRYSTAL
DISPLAY(LCD)
 Liquid-crystal display televisions (LCD TV) are
color television sets that use LCD technology to produce
images

 Produces colored image by selecting filtering a white light

 Thinner and lighter than CRTs of similar display size

 The concept of LCD was 1st brought up by Philips

LED-TVS
 An LED-backlit LCD display is a flat panel
display that uses LED backlighting instead of
the cold cathode (CCFL) backlighting used in
other LCD displays.
 While not an LED display, televisions using
this display are called "LED TV" by some
manufacturers and suppliers.
 The use of LED backlighting allows for a
thinner panel, lower power consumption,
better heat dissipation, a brighter display, and
better contrast levels
 Three forms of LED may be used:
 White edge-LEDs around the rim of the
screen, using a special diffusion panel to
spread the light evenly behind the screen (the
most usual form)
 A full array of LEDs arranged behind the
screen whose brightness are not controlled
individually
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
LCD AND LED
 Produce images with greater dynamic contrast;
 With edge-LED lighting can be extremely slim, some screens
less than half an inch (0.92 cm) thick.
 Offer a wider color gamut when RGB-LED backlighting is
used.
 Produce less environmental pollution on disposal;

 Are more expensive;

 Have typically 20 to 30% lower power consumption;

 Are more reliable.

 Can allow a wider dimming range.

 PLASMA TV
• Plasma display screens are made from glass, which reflects
more light than the material used to make an LCD screen.
• A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display
common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger.
• They are called "plasma" displays because the technology
utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases
•Capable of producing deeper blacks allowing for superior
contrast ratio
FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OF TV
OLED (Organic light emitting diode)

•Sony introduced this

technology in 2008

•It doesn’t required backlighting

•Allow less power consumption

•Screen are so thin and so

flexible that one can roll them
up like a carpet

•We will have OLED based TV

in our living room around 2015
 Output Devices

Impact
Line printers
Character printers
Dot-matrix printers
Non-impact
Laser printers
Inkjet printers
 Thermal
Plotters

42 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers
An output device that produces text and graphics on a
physical medium such as paper or transparency film
Hard copy (printout)
Portrait vs. landscape
Printing requirements vary

43 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers
Impact Printers
Printing mechanism strikes paper, ribbon and character
together
Not usually letter quality (LQ)
Many are near letter quality (NLQ)
Used for multipart forms

44 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Impact Printers
Dot matrix printers
Small dots form characters
Continuous form paper
More pins on print head means higher quality
Speed measured in characters per second (cps)

45 Output, Chapter 5
Impact Printers
There is some physical contact with the paper to
produce the image ie physically striking the paper
Types
Line printers
Dot matrix printers
 Line Printer
Line printers
Used by mainframes for
jobs that need a large volume of printing
Limited characters available
Print an entire line at a time
Cheap to run
Not high quality
Dot Matrix Printer
Have a printhead made up of columns of pins
The pins form characters and images as patterns of
dots produced when the pins strike the paper
Reasonable quality text and graphics
Inexpensive to buy and run
Noisy
Non-Impact Printers

Laser Printers
Ink-jet printers
Bubble-jet printers
 Laser Printers

Laser printers
Image transferred to paper with a laser
beam
 Faster and more expensive
than dot-matrix
 High-resolution output
 Expensive to buy
 Quite expensive to run
 Ink-Jet Printers
Ink-jet
Dots of ink are sprayed onto the paper to form the
image
Reasonably high quality
Available in colour or B/W
Speed measured in pages per minute
Reasonably priced
Expensive to run
 Plotters
Used by graphic designers/architects
Image transferred to paper with ink pens
Very high resolution
Excellent for scientific and engineering
applications
Printing Terms

Dots per inch (dpi)

Pages per minute (ppm)
Characters per second (cps)
Laser printers – 50 ppm
Ink-jet printers – 12 ppm
 Printers (Continued)
Impact Printers
Line printers
High speed
Prints an entire line at a time
Band printer
Shuttle-matrix printer

54 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
No mechanism strikes the paper
Much quieter than impact printers

55 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Ink-jet printers
 Spray tiny drops of ink onto the paper
 Both black-and-white and color
 Resolution measured in dots per inch (dpi)
 Speed measured in pages per minute (ppm)
 Nozzles spray ink

56 Output, Chapter 5
57 Output, Chapter 5
 Ink jets are popular because of their
relatively low cost and color capability.

58 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Laser printers
High-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer
Very high quality resolution - 600dpi to 1,200
dpi
Stores entire page before printing it
Page description language (PDL)
PCL (Printer Control Language)
Postscript

59 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Laser printers
 Operates much like a copy machine
 Toner
 Replace cartridge

60 Output, Chapter 5
 Laser printers are faster and
capable of high resolution.
Heat roller bonds
toner to paper
Toner transferred
from drum to paper

Rotating
mirror
Laser beam

Laser transfers
Paper is given a image to drum
61 Output, Chapter 5 static charge
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Thermal printers
Pushes electrically heated pins against heat-
sensitive paper
Thermal wax-transfer printer
Dye-sublimation printer

62 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Portable printers
Small, lightweight printer that allows a mobile
user to print from a laptop or handheld
computer while traveling
Ink-jet
Thermal or thermal wax-transfer
Parallel port or infrared port

63 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Plotters and Large-Format Printers
Used for high-quality drawings such as blueprints,
maps, circuit diagrams, and signs
Plotters
Pen plotters
Electrostatic plotters
 Large-format printer
Photo-realistic quality color prints

64 Output, Chapter 5
 Plotters

65 Output, Chapter 5
 Printers (Continued)
Nonimpact Printers
Special-purpose printers
Photo printer
Photo lab quality pictures
Label printer

66 Output, Chapter 5
67 Output, Chapter 5
 Printing Requirements Question Sheet

68 Output, Chapter 5
Input/Output Ports

Identification And Function

Device Connection
All devices that connect outside of the computer must
use a port to connect
Known as I/O ports (Input/Output)
Bits can travel in parallel or in serial
 Serial Connectors

Can use a 9 or 25 pin male sub-D connector

Slowest ports
Used for:
Mice
Keyboards
Modems
Serial Ports
Also called COM1, COM2, COM3, and COM4
Can be referred to as a RS-232 port
This is a standard that defines serial communication
Parallel Ports
Uses a 25 pin female sub-D connector
Data flows over 8 lines

Used for:
Printers
Scanners
Portable drives
Parallel Ports
When used to connect to a printer, it uses a 36 pin
centronics connector at the other end
Parallel Ports
Also called LPT(Line Printer Terminal)1, LPT2, LPT3
Bi-directional communication
Called Enhanced Printer Port (EPP)
Transmission mode can be set in the BIOS
Maximum cable length is 15 feet
PS/2 and Keyboard Connectors
PS/2 connectors are used for both mice and keyboard
Also called 6-pin mini DIN
Green for mouse
Purple for keyboard
Not interchangeable
Standard for ATX boards
DIN-5 Keyboard Connector
Older motherboards use a DIN-5 connector for the
keyboard and a 9 pin serial connection for the mouse
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Used to connect almost all peripherals
Can connect up to 127 devices
Designed to be hot-swappable
Designed to connect in a daisy
chain
USB Standards
USB 1.1 – 12 Mbps
USB 2.0 – 480 Mbps
A-Style connector is used on the computer or hub
B-Style connector is used on the device
Must have Windows 98, 2000 or XP
Not supported in Windows 95 or NT 4.0
USB Cable Lengths
Hi Powered devices – 5 meters max
Also called hi-speed
Low Powered devices – 3 meters max
Also called low-speed
Can be extended if you use a self-powered hub
FireWire
Also called IEEE-1394
Used for digital cameras, camcorders, and scanners
Bi-directional communication
Developed by Apple Computers
Requires a special adapter card
 FireWire Cable Length

4.5 meters max length

Hot-swappable
Transfer rate of 400 Mbps

Supports 63 devices in a daisy chain