Name: Subject:

CRUZ GONZALEZ ANGEL MANUEL Familiarization with Ro-Ro Passenger Vessels

#7
Degree and group:
CUB A

Name of the course and/or subject: Teacher's name :

PNM Roro Transshipment VII A ING. EDUARDO UGALDE FUENTES

Semester: Activity :
VII Emergency management and human behavior
training

Date : December 4, 2020

Bibliography :
• RSP (2015) – ARVI. ON BOARD TRAINING MANUAL.
http://www.arvi.org/publicaciones/coapre/ManualFormacionBordo

• Luis Tuya del Valle. (2019). EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR .
NAUTICS AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT.
https://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10651/52647/TFM_LuisTuya
 INDEX:
INTRODUCTION
CRISIS MANAGEMENT:
PROCEDURE
TRAINING FOR PASSENGERS.
EMERGENCY GROUPS
HUMAN BEHAVIOR WHEN HAVING AN
ACCIDENT
CROWD CONTROL CONSIDERING YOUR
FIRST REACTION.
PREVENTIVE CRITERIA AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONSEQUENCES OF PANIC
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
It is important to know how to remain calm in the face of any accident or incident
that may occur, which is why later during this work we will be presented with
situations and procedures of control or support groups for both passengers and
crew. In addition, we will be informed how we should know how to act in this type
of situations that may arise during our journey through examples and signs that we
will learn to identify.

For this good management, it is necessary to know perfectly the structure of the
ship itself, as well as exhaustive knowledge of the emergency plans, adequate
training that leads to the automatic execution of the procedures to follow.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT:
The resolution regarding training in crisis management and human behavior for
personnel on board passenger ships was adopted in July 1995 by the Parties to
the 1978 STCW.

The MSC agreed to accept the FSA as a basis for future OMI work. The MSC
agreed that separate technical requirements, operational and construction, would
not establish a safe environment on passenger ships. It is therefore necessary that
every person with a professional
interest in passenger ships feels
responsible for their safety. The
MSC stressed that “the establishment
of a safety culture cannot… be
established by regulations”

The evacuation of passengers on

ships is one of the aspects of
maritime safety that is of most
concern today. Most equipment used
in the evacuation of damaged ships is
designed for use in calm seas, although experience shows that most accidents
occur in adverse weather conditions.

The captain is the one who considers that the ship and the people on board must
begin to prepare for evacuation.

It begins with a signal known to the passengers if they have attended the
mandatory drill, which does not always happen, and known to the crew since they
receive a talk on the day of boarding, before the ship leaves port and They are
prepared in case of an accident.

The specific signal is the well-known and internationally accepted general

emergency signal consisting of seven short beeps followed by one long one made
by the ship's general alarms, whistle and sirens.

In this second step, all people on board are involved and each and every one has a
role in the evacuation.
PROCEDURE
Once the emergency signal has been
heard, normally, the catering department
will be distributed among the different
decks of the ship to control the passage.
Each crew member already has their
place and assigned mission, no one will
act of their own free will at any time or
move from their position without prior
notice and authorization.

A part of the crew of this department will be

in charge of reviewing the clearance of the passage, corridors, cabins and any
corner in which a person may have been trapped.

Other members of the same department will be in corridors and stairs indicating to
passengers the path they must follow to reach their meeting position and how
many decks they have to continue climbing. It must be made clear that the use of
elevators is completely prohibited, as they can be an added danger. No member in
charge of giving directions will ever accompany anyone to their place, as they
would be leaving their place empty and could cause the subsequent lack of control
of the passage.

In the meeting places, normally lounges, theaters or other places of leisure for the
passengers, there will also be crew personnel in charge of counting the
passengers as they arrive to know if there is truly no one left lost by the ship, they
will also be in charge To reassure passengers and tell them the instructions they
must follow at all times, they must also check that all passengers are wearing a life
jacket; if not, they will be given one of the ones stowed in the drawers in the
lounges.

TRAINING FOR PASSENGERS.

Passenger training is also of vital importance, since in the event of an emergency it
is important that the people on board know the meeting points to go to, what
means of evacuation are available on board and where they are on the ship.
Likewise, they must be instructed in individual survival elements such as life
jackets.
Throughout the vessel, regardless of its size, there should be safety information
signs, such as those indicating instructions on how to put on a life jacket.
Depending on the type of ship we are on, the information to the passenger will be
done differently.

The evacuation of passengers on ships is one of the aspects of maritime safety

that is of most concern today. Most equipment used in the evacuation of damaged
ships is designed for use in calm seas, although experience shows that most
accidents occur in adverse weather conditions.

It begins with a signal known to the passengers if they have attended the
mandatory drill, which does not always happen, and known to the crew since they
receive a talk on the day of boarding, before the ship leaves port and They are
prepared in case of an accident.

Assistance to passengers en route to meeting or boarding stations;

 Initial and intermediate stages of evacuation

 Confusion and obstacles

 Passenger action

 Establish authority

Clear and reassuring orders;

 Physical presence

 Location

 Clothes

 Attitude

 Simple orders

 low pitch voice

 Repeat important information

Evacuation of disabled people and people who need special assistance;

 Location of disabilities

 Disabled passenger's attitude considered

 Communication - calmly

 Companions

 Life support equipment

Meeting procedures;

 Familiarize yourself with the main considerations to maintain order and

avoid panic

 Know the importance of passenger lists, telephone calls, clothing and life
jackets of passengers.

 Carry out activities to distract: relieve passengers' tension.

Muster Station Tasks;

1) Keep calm. Seat all passengers if possible

2) Explain that the life jacket issue is just a precaution

3) Issue life jacket

4) Silence - Stand where you can be seen - Demonstrate the use of a life jacket

5) Instruct passengers to put on life jackets

6) Help when needed. Make sure they are all used correctly

7) Stay calm - Reseat passengers - Ask for silence

8) Begin crew count.

9) Detail of crew members helping elderly and disabled passengers

10) Explain what is happening feasible need to know only the basis

11) Control parties are dealing with the incident.

 12) Captain in full control of the situation.

13) Ship preparation team in action for precautionary

measures only.

14) Update information as necessary.

15) Explain evacuation procedures and indicate exits.

16) Assure passengers that the boat is the best

lifeboat.

17) Explain abandon ship procedures.

18) Communicate the number of passengers and crew to central command.

19) Continue to remain calm and reassure passengers

Once the entire ship has been checked and it is certain that all the passengers are
in the meeting places, the situation will be reported to the Command Bridge, where
the Captain is directing all operations.

EMERGENCY GROUPS
To proceed with the search and search of the ship, it is divided into different areas
that, depending on the size of the ship, can reach up to 62, as in the case of the
“Allure of the Seas”, the largest passenger ship in history and currently belonging
to the company "Royal Caribbean".

Each "Emergency Group" will be assigned to review one of these areas perfectly
defined in the ship's evacuation plan and direct the passengers to the stairs where
the "Stairway Guides" that we will see later will direct them to their meeting points
("Muster Station"). Once the area has been evacuated and checked and it is
certain that no passenger or crew remains in it, the group leader will report this fact
to the leader of the evacuation zone.

Stairway Guides Groups .

These groups are also known as stair guides. As
their name indicates, their function is to guide
passengers up the stairs.
We remind you that in the event of an emergency, the elevators cannot be used
because they pose a danger in themselves and in the event of, for example, a fire,
they act as a chimney so that it is very possible that an accumulation will be found
inside.

Muster Station Groups

Finally, when the passengers have been evacuated from their cabin by the
emergency groups, their presence has been reported by said groups and they
have been guided to their meeting points by the stair guides, they will finally arrive
at their meeting point. meeting where the "Muster Station Groups" will dedicate
themselves to counting them and reporting how many of them are absent.

They will make this report directly to the bridge.

The "Muster Station Groups" are made up of staff who are used to dealing with
passengers.

Passenger boarding.
If the emergency remains uncontrollable, the captain will be forced to move on to
the next phase of the evacuation.

This phase is undoubtedly the most complicated of

all, it consists of placing the passengers inside the
boats. Although in theory the signal to begin this
process is a long whistle, in practice this cannot be
done because the access routes to the boats are
usually common for different passenger assembly
stations. So in a real emergency, passengers will
be directed from the "Muster Station" to the boats
with announcements through the ship's public address system. The order in which
they do so will depend on several factors: the number of passengers at each
station, whether or not this station has absent passengers and the situation of the
boats.

HUMAN BEHAVIOR WHEN HAVING AN ACCIDENT

At the moment of having an accident on board, every passenger can feel panic or
stressed; To do this, we must inform you of the procedures to follow, step by step;
to avoid this situation, and to understand that there is a solution to the problems.

 People in panic.

 Behavior outside of rationality.

 Reduced compression capacity:

 Panic implies anxiety or genuine fear.

 Fear is not irrational.

 Feeling of having to act immediately.

 Urgency to escape without worrying

about others.

 Panic appears when decisions are

made based

CROWD CONTROL CONSIDERING YOUR FIRST

REACTION.
It must be taken into account that the first behavior occurs before specialized
personnel arrive, and that moment is the most crucial for saving lives. It is critical
for the individual and others.

Most people do not think, when faced with an unusual event such as an
emergency, what they would do if they were involved in it. In general, these actions
can be grouped into:

Finally, the actions of those affected could be summarized in phases, from an

individual point of view. Thus, in a critical situation, two types of maladaptive
behaviors occur:

 Shock - inhibition - stupor: the subject is flooded with emotions and stimuli
and is unable to react to the situation. He remains paralyzed.

 Agitation: the subject suffers such stimulation excitement that his nervous
system "triggers", with the corresponding physiological and cognitive
reactions, so that it is very difficult for him to control himself.
PREVENTIVE CRITERIA AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Maintaining adapted behaviors in an emergency situation depends on how different
variables that have been described and analyzed interact in the process.
Obviously, immersed in the critical situation, appropriate behaviors respond to
executing general self-control behaviors, which are expressed by maintaining calm,
basic to be able to issue actions in accordance with the emergency instructions:
protection, warning, evacuation, fight, collaboration.

Thus, the objective at the individual level would be training to provide adequate
responses to the emergency. To emit these behaviors, it is necessary to influence
the permanent and partially educable
dispositions:

 Through information plans, with

objectives such as knowledge of risks,
preventive measures, self-protection
and knowledge of the specific
emergency plan and their role in it.

 Training and training plans in order to

achieve the automation of behaviors,
and with partial objectives of emotional
control, instruction in emergency specificity, instruction in decisions based
on options in these critical situations.

By itself, information does not necessarily produce the expected behaviors, but it
raises awareness and guides responses. It must be sufficient for the individual to
acquire clear knowledge of the associated risks.

The dissemination of information must be adapted to the personnel, place and

activity carried out. Above all, it will adapt to the role to be played by the person
within the development of the emergency plan.

We must use all possible channels: brochures, instructions, talks, meetings,

posters, magazines... to guarantee the perception and knowledge of the
emergency plan and their actions within it.
CONSEQUENCES OF PANIC
The person who suffers from panic episodes feels suddenly terrified for no obvious
reason to themselves or others. During a panic attack, very intense physical
symptoms occur: tachycardia, difficulty breathing, pulmonary hyperventilation,
tremors or dizziness. Panic attacks can occur at any time or place without warning.
 Passengers and staff can take their family members or belongings as an
initial reaction:
 An instinctive reaction appears to look for members of the group.
 Passengers appreciate that children are safe, with trained staff.
 Family members with different interests.
Scattered throughout the ship. - Taken
to the meeting stations. Redeployment
will be carried out by crew members.
 Reassure relatives that their relatives
are being searched.
 Public address announcements.
Communication continues with those
responsible for the meeting areas.
 Staff may be sent to other assembly
stations to locate family members.
 Once reunited they should not be
allowed to leave.
 Calm him down. Ship organization prepared to resolve the problem.
 Passengers can feel safer in their cabins or other places on board.
 Search all cabins, public spaces, follow emergency procedures. Mark
registered places.
CONCLUSION
It is our duty as merchant mariners to obtain this knowledge and skills to put them
into practice in the future and know how to stay calm and help the people who
provide our support in these situations, which is why it is very important to pay
attention to the procedures and indications. shown in the investigation to be able to
take leadership in the accidents that may occur.

It will be our responsibility to know ways to direct crowds and make decisions in
emergency situations, through the analysis of specific case situations, to manage
and control crowds with effective leadership, to know ways to control symptoms of
excessive stress, through practical demonstrations and training, to properly
organize the personnel involved in the crisis situation and also learn ways to direct
people in emergency situations, through practical demonstrations and exercises, to
maintain order and control of the situation during our journey at sea.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Anthology RO-RO Transport Vessels
 The Bearded Book.
 KLOPEZ (2020, April 27). Learn about the activities carried out by ship crews
while borders remain closed. Camae. http://www.Camae.Org/barcos/conoce-
las-activityes-que-realizan-los-tripulantes-de-barcos-mientras-las-fronteras-
permanecen-cerradas/
 Chap. Gonzalo C. (2012). SOLAS CHAPTER III RESCUE DEVICES AND
MEANS. https://personales.gestion.unican.es/martinji/Archivos/SolasCap3
 Pérez, F., López, A., Peter, E., & Donoso, R. (2005). Simulation of the
movement of people. application to the evacuation of ships. Riaii, 2(4), 78-
88.
 Carlos Esquite F (2010). CROWD CONTROL
https://es.slideshare.net/carlos_equite/control-de-multitudes
 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 2014 edition by the International Maritime
Organization.
 https://www.cadenadesuministro.es/noticias/seguro-y-gestion-de-
emergencias-en-el-ambito-maritimo-portuario/