QUANTUM PHYSICS PROJECT

FELIX BARAHONA

JUAN CARLOS ESTRADA

JOSÉ LUCIANO CASTAÑEDA

PRESENTED TO: JAVIER BOBADILLA

COLOMBIAN SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL CAREERS

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

VIII SEMESTER

MODERN PHYSICS

2014
Qualification

Quantifying

Goals

- Investigate what is related to quantum physics to have sufficient bases to conduct

interviews with the common public.
- Investigate the concept of quantum physics that the people around us use.
- Produce a final video where the concept that people use about quantum physics
and the result of the project were demonstrated.

Background

Starting with the history of quantum physics is a story that begins with several different
discoveries: in 1838 it begins with Michael Faraday's discovery of cathode rays; various
radiation discoveries by Gustav Kirchoff; some 1877 theories by Ludwig Boltzmann relating to
the physical system of energy states, ending with Max Planck's hypothesis of 1900 in which he
postulated that atomic systems that radiate energy can be divided into several energy
elements.

Then, one of the most prolific scientists in history , Albert Einstein, followed up in 1905 with the
effects reported by Hertz in 1887, which were consistent with Max Planck's findings that light
itself is made of quantum particles. individual, which received the name "photon" in 1826.

The phrase "quantum physics" (in English, quantum mechanics) was coined by Max Born and
first used in 1924 . Then, in subsequent years, this theoretical basis was applied in other areas
of the study of science.
Putting all the information a little more cleanly: Ludwig Boltzmann was one of the founders of
the theory of quantum physics, since in 1877 he suggested that the energy levels of a physical
system could be discrete; All of his theories were later confirmed mathematically , as were the
theories forged by the German Max Planck in 1900.

After the theories were confirmed by Max Planck, the scientist who continued investigating was
Stefan Procopiu from 1911 to 1913, as did Niels Bohr in the same year, and they calculated
the magnetic moment of the electron, which was later called a magneton. Heisenberg then
formulated a new principle in 1927, at the same time as other scientists around Europe and the
United States did the same.
Only in 1927 were there attempts to apply the principles of quantum physics to different fields
beyond simple particles .

Nowadays, there are several names of physicists, professors and scientists who record in
the pages and texts dedicated to expanding the information regarding quantum physics
and its great achievements, although little mentioned in the media, ranging from the theory
of quantum information until proving quantum interference between macromolecules.
Among the most notable names are:

Guifré Vidal Spanish physicist, Benjamin Schumacher an American theoretical physicist ,

Paul Charles William Davies physicist , British writer and broadcaster , Gerald Stanford
Guralnik rector of physics at Brown University , John Moffat emeritus professor of physics
at the University of Toronto. He is also an associate professor of physics at the University
of Waterloo and a member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Anton
Zeilinger ( Ried/Innkreis , Austria , May 20 , 1945 ) theoretical and experimental physicist
and
Sonia Fernández-Vidal PhD in Optics and Quantum Information from the Autonomous
University of Barcelona .

Quantum physics in our country, apart from knowing about a Colombian person who has a
doctorate in this field, Rubén Guerrero and who won the prize within the framework of the
53rd Sanibel Symposium (held by the University of Florida, in Georgia, United States ) due
to the results of his research in the area of control of quantum dynamics, for ordinary
people perhaps it is not a very well-known topic given that there is little news and people
who practice this branch, especially in a country where the majority attention is to obtain
money, and study opportunities are focused on other types of more work-related areas,
techniques that are thoughtful and investigative as required by quantum physics.

Therefore, the initial idea is to investigate the people around us, from different professions,
areas to establish in what concept this main topic of interest in the project is found, and as
the title indicates, quantifying, making a kind of mix between the concepts of quantum and
contagion, the latter referring to infecting people with the phenomenon of quantum physics
and what it entails.

Theoretical framework
Quantum is an adjective used in the field of physics . The concept refers to what is linked
to certain jumps in energy when emitting or absorbing radiation, which are known as
quanta .

This branch of knowledge specializes in the analysis of energy and matter , focusing on
how they behave under different environments and situations. According to quantum
theory, all systems host different physical states that can be described by equations.
These states are known as quantum states .

The studies of elementary particles, the nucleus of the atom and the atom in general are
part of the scope of quantum physics, whose discoveries are applied in electronics and
other fields.

It is important to note that, today, the science of physics is mainly based on quantum
theory and the theory of general relativity . Albert Einstein himself, however, disagreed
with various postulates of quantum physics. One of the differences marked by specialists
that Einstein had with respect to quantum theory is that, for the father of the theory of
general relativity, a subatomic particle is not able to occupy more than one space
simultaneously.

Basically, this science studies the behavior of matter when its dimensions are so small that
strange effects begin to be noticed, such as the impossibility of knowing exactly the
position of a particle or simultaneously its position and speed, without affecting the particle
itself.

Two of the pillars of this theory are: first, that the particles exchange energy in integer
multiples of a minimum possible amount ( energy quantum ) and second, that the position
of the particles is defined by a function that describes the probability that said particle will
be found in such position at that moment.

The advances of Quantum Theory allowed applications in different areas such as

electronics (transistors, microprocessors and electronic components), in the physics of
new materials (semiconductors and superconductors), in high energy physics, in
cryptography and quantum computing. , and in the theoretical Cosmology of the early
Universe.
In medicine , quantum theory is used in fields as diverse as laser surgery or radiological
examination.

In summary, Quantum Theory tells us that any event has a probability of happening, such
as the fact that when you kick a ball it escapes the Earth's atmosphere and travels through
space. While the probability of this happening would be infinitely small, it could very well
happen.

The modern world of physics is notably founded on two main theories , general relativity
and quantum mechanics, although both theories seem to contradict each other.

The postulates that define Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum theory are
unquestionably supported by rigorous and repeated empirical evidence. However, both
resist, for the moment, being incorporated into the same coherent model.

Application of quantum physics

Although most devices may not seem like it, objects that we use and see in our daily lives
are based on some principle or phenomenon of quantum physics, for example, the
operation of lasers is based on quantum mechanics and they are used in video players. cd
and dvd, barcode scanners used in shopping malls, cutting and welding tools used in
industry or laser scalpels used in the medical field.

The development of transistors, a fundamental element of all microprocessors used by all

electronic devices such as a computer, the development of highly precise atomic clocks as
well as ultra-precise thermometers are among other examples where quantum mechanics
has played a fundamental role. In its development.

Solar panels, motion detectors, automatic quality control systems in continuous production
lines such as detection of broken and defective products, empty or other containers, fire
alarm systems or even for the measurement of stars far from planet Earth base their
operation in the photoelectric effect explained thanks to quantum physics.

Another example where quantum mechanics is applied is the USB flash drives that we use
in computers. These small flash memories capable of storing enormous amounts of
information use the tunnel effect to erase the various cells that make them up so that we
can reuse it as many times as we want.
In the near future we can expect the development of quantum computers with unlimited
computing power. Thanks to these we will be able to predict with great accuracy the long-
term behavior of the climate, design drugs and medicines at a molecular level with highly
curative properties or we will be able to simulate perfection highly complex natural
phenomena such as the formation of galaxies.

On the other hand, in the very near future it is believed that the so-called quantum Internet
could occur where communications will be totally secure and instantaneous, in a matter of
milliseconds we will be able to download millions of Mb of information and where quantum
cryptography will make a totally secure Internet.

Project development
The main objective is to make and produce a video in which people's reaction and opinion
regarding a topic as uncommon in Colombian society as quantum physics can be
demonstrated.

The idea is to carry out an interview of which a video record remains, where questions
related to the topic in question will be mentioned, to hear what ordinary people such as
students, teachers, housewives, etc., think about it; and generate a final conclusion on
how and what is the handling of this information in citizens in order to establish the
importance and classification of the topic as well as generate that type of doubt in the
subconscious or knowledge of the interviewees and why not, that they themselves carry
out a consultation and research on quantum physics.

This is a project that is expected to be executed in the short term, given that at the end of
the semester the working group wishes to present the final product to observe it with
classmates and the instructor of the modern physics class and get an idea of how
objective it is. or so disproportionate is the concept of quantum. Hence the title of the
project quantigiando: quantum and contagion.

Delimitation

It will be carried out in places adjacent to the university, with students from the institution
from other majors, people who live near the facilities, people passing through the street, in
an urban area.

Interview proposal
Do you know what it is quantum physics or what do you understand by that term?

R=yes, in Colombia have you heard anything about it?

R=No, in your physics classes at school or university, have you ever heard anything
related to this topic or have you finished?
 Bibliographic references

- Wikipedia, free encyclopedia, March 14, 2013, Quantum physicists [online],

available at http://es.wikipedia.org .
- Matias Dominguez , Jul 26, 2011, quantum physics [online], available at
http://www.ojocientifico.com .
- AP French – Edwin Taylor, Introduction to Quantum Physics, Reverté Publishing
House, 2003, pages 1 to 10.