9
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Heat Can Do Work
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Heat Can Do Work
First Edition, 2021
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9
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Heat Can Do Work
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lessons prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
ii
Let Us Learn! ii
Good day, Learner!
I hope you are very much excited to learn something new today as we
continue to discover more about the Science world. This week we are going to
talk about heat and how it can do work.
Heat is a form of energy. Energy, based on the Work-Energy Theorem,
is and can be equated to Work. By definition, we know that energy is the
capacity to do work. Also, mathematically, work is expressed as the product
of force and displacement; whereby, in order for something to do work, force
must be exerted and that upon the application of such force, change of
position (displacement) must come about. If such is so, then we can argue
that heat, being a form of energy, and work are two related concepts.
To illustrate, let us assume that you are bringing something to boil.
During the boiling stage, you noticed the kettle’s lid or cover moved as if
something is pushing it from the inside, thereby making it slide to the side.
Why is this so? Heat changes the state or phase of matter. The heat pressure
that has been building up inside the kettle due to the movement of water
particles undergoing phase transformation (liquid form to vapor) and the
increasing amount water vapor building up inside the kettle, which is brought
about by the source of heat (e.g. stove’s flame, or heat emitted by the burning
fire woods), pushes the lid upwards so that you are noticing a considerable
shift in the lid’s position. Such change in the lid’s position can be considered
as or equated to work, which we have explained earlier. And so, we can argue
that the presence of heat has allowed the kettle’s lid to shift position/s. Hence,
there is work done within the said system (or set up). The given example is
also a simple way of explaining the concept of fluid mechanics.
Given the premise, this module will further allow you to delve deeper
into the concepts of heat and work and how these two are interrelated. Our
target is for you to be able to:
Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work. (S9FE-IVe-42)
Specifically, you will learn to:
1. associate concepts related to heat and work;
2. determine the relationship between heat and work; and
3. express and illustrate how heat can do work.
2
Direction: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. __________ is referred to as the energy transferred from one object to
another because of a difference in temperature.
a. Force b. Heat c. Work
2. He performed various studies and experiments in the 1800s on the
concepts of heat, work and energy.
a. James Prescott Joule b. Anders Celsius c. John Dalton
3. In Let Us Learn, which type of energy is represented by the movement
of water particles while being subjected to heat?
a. Potential Energy b. Kinetic Energy c. a & b
4. The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 Celsius degree is termed as
a. calorie. b. thermal energy. c. neither a or b
5. Which among the following best describes the activity of water
molecules when they are subjected to heat?
a. Water molecules’ speed is increased once they are subjected to heat.
b. Water molecules tend to move so fast that they create friction
between and among other water molecules.
c. When water molecules are subjected to heat, they tend to increase
the rate of their movement, and contribute to the production of heat
via friction with other water molecules.
6. Which among the following best explains why in the context of
Immunology, when you have an infection, you experience fever?
a. the macrophages increase your body’s temperature so it could help
weaken, if not kill, the harmful microorganisms that (may) attack
your body.
b. it buys time for your body’s lymphatic system to work.
c. having fever is the body’s response to infections.
7. Jon is pushing the wall. Is he doing work?
a. Yes, he is because he is exerting force against the wall.
b. No, he isn’t because the wall did not move when he pushed it.
c. No, because needs to exert more force in order to move it.
8. In geothermal powerplants, what drives the turbines to move so that
electricity can be produced?
a. generator b. heat c. energy
9. True of False. Work is done when energy is transferred from one object
to another.
a. True, because the act or process of transferring something means
that there is displacement.
b. True, because work is and can be equated to energy.
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c. False, because work is done if and only if force is exerted.
10. Which among the following best explains why after running for thirty
minutes at the Sports Complex’s oval Anna had to stop?
a. she got tired and thirsty.
b. she ran out of power after she has expended her energy and so work
done is also suspended.
c. The chemical energy in her body, which was converted into
mechanical form, has been used up with respect to time
consumption.
Note: You may check your answers on the ANSWER KEY section found in the
last part of the module.
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Let Us Study
HEAT CAN DO WORK
Activity 1: The Experiment!
While thinking about what heat can do, Alex
went to his Aunt Lorie, a Physics teacher, to
ask about it. Soon as he reached his aunt’s
place, and having some conversation about
his concern, they began doing an experiment.
At first, they prepared the materials (see the
illustration). Then, his aunt began lighting ImageSource:https://www.physicsclas
sroom.com/Class/thermalP/u18l2a.cf
the candle. He noticed that the improvised m#:~:text=Temperature%20of%20Obje
turbine they are using started moving. cts-
,What%20does%20heat%20do%3F,the
%20surroundings%20can%20cool%20
down
Experimental Set-up:
Image Source: ScienceMadeSimpleUK (11 June 2015). How can we use heat to do work? Ruth Perkins.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHYP8N6URew.
Alex’s aunt explained that heat changes the temperature of an object.
Once heat is transferred from an object to its surroundings, it makes the
object cool down and its surroundings to warm up. In another light, when
5
heat is transferred to an object by its
surroundings, then the object can warm up
and the surroundings can cool down. Such
absorption of heat as energy, contributes to
the overall internal energy of the object. His
aunt further added that one form of the said
internal energy is kinetic energy which
allows the particles to begin to move faster,
resulting in a greater kinetic energy. This
more vigorous motion of particles is reflected Image Source:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
by a temperature increase. chemistry/chapter/introduction-to-
thermodynamics/#:~:text=Work%20is%20the%20transfer
%20of,be%20completely%20converted%20to%20work
Guide Questions:
1. When heat is transferred from an object to its surroundings, what will
happen to:
a. object’s temperature?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
b. surrounding’s temperature?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
2. When heat is transferred to an object by its surroundings, what will
happen to:
a. object’s temperature?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
b. surrounding’s temperature?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
3. How do particles move when:
a. kinetic energy increases?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
b. kinetic energy decreases?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
Activity 2: Deciphering Concepts
As we know, heat is energy that is measured in terms of temperature. It is
the energy that is transferred from one body to another (two parts of a system)
as a result of temperature difference.
The study of heat energy and other types of energy, such as work, and the
various ways energy is transferred within systems is called Thermodynamics.
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Etymologically, “Thermo” means heat, while “dynamics” refers to motion.
Often, thermodynamics divides the universe in two categories: the system and
its surroundings. In an endothermic system, energy that is absorbed is lost
from the surroundings; whereas, in an exothermic system, the heat that is
released in the reaction is given off and absorbed by the surroundings.
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, the change in internal
energy of a system, Q is the net heat transfer (the sum of all heat transfer into
and out of the system), and W is the net work done (the sum of all work done
on or by the system).
ΔU = Q − W
where:
ΔU = change in internal energy
Q = heat added
W = work done by the system
sign conventions:
Q is positive if the heat added to the system
W is positive if work is done by the system
Q is negative if heat leaves the system
W is negative if work is done on the system
conclusion:
– If heat is added to the system, then the internal energy of the system
increases
– If heat leaves the system, then the internal energy of the system
decreases
– If the work is done by the system, then the internal energy of the
system decreases
– If the work is done on the system, then the internal energy of the
system increases
Sample Word Problem:
1. 2000 J of heat is added to a system and 2500 J of work is done on the
system. What is the change in internal energy of the system?
Given: Heat (Q) = +2000 Joule, Work (W) = -2500 Joule
Unknown: The change in internal energy of the system
Solution:
ΔU = Q-W
ΔU = 2000-(-2500)
ΔU = 2000+2500
ΔU = 4500 Joule
Conclusion: Internal energy increases by 4500 Joule. Hence, heat is added
to the system.
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Practice Exercise:
1. Eighty joules are added by heat to a system, while it does 20J of work.
What is the system’s internal energy?
2. 30J is added by heat to the system, doing 40J of work. What is the
system’s internal energy?
3. Taking into consideration items 1 & 2, what is the change in the
system’s internal energy?
To further emphasize the concept of thermodynamics, let us examine how
a car engine works. In a car engine, the burning gasoline inside the cylinder
of the engine is the thermodynamic system; the piston, exhaust system,
radiator, and air outside form the surroundings of the system. The boundary
then consists of the inner surfaces of the cylinder and piston (See: Figures 1
& 2).
Moreover, in a thermodynamic system, the energy stored or contained in a
body is known as the body’s internal energy or its total mechanical energy.
Internal energy is an extensive property, and cannot be measured directly.
Hence, the thermodynamic processes that define the internal energy are
transfer of matter, or of energy as heat, and thermodynamic work.
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Figure 1. The Car Engine (a.k.a. Heat Engine)
Figure 2. The Internal Combustion Engine
Activity 3: Probing
1. What is being transferred as a result of temperature difference?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What is Thermodynamics?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Identify the following as either a system, a surrounding, or a
boundary:
a. inner surface of the cylinder and piston - __________________________
b. piston - __________________________
c. burning gasoline inside the cylinder of the engine - _________________
d. exhaust system - __________________________
e. radiator - __________________________
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4. Which processes in a thermodynamic system defines the body’s stored
energy? ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Let Us Practice
You did well in your previous activity! This time, let us try to assess
your understanding on the concept of car engines.
Activity 4: Label and Describe Me!
Direction: Label 1-4 and describe how the said parts function in a car engine. Write
the correct answer on the table.
Part of the Car Engine Description
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Let Us Practice More
You have learned that the efficiency of a heat engine is related to
how much useful work is done for a given amount of heat energy. Meaning,
a heat engine absorbs heat energy from the high temperature heat source,
converting part of it to useful work.
Activity 5: The Designer
Direction: Assuming you are a designer, create a model demonstrating the
concept that Heat Can Do Work. See the rubrics below.
• Explanation of Concepts - 5 pts
(Explanation is clear and shows complete understanding. Concepts and
facts are accurate.)
• Research - 5 pts
(Model is accompanied by a bibliography citing at least two research
references used in planning the model.)
• Model related to Science Concepts - 5 pts
(Model clearly represents scientific concepts and is scientifically
correct, having connections to real world applications.)
• Construction, creativity, neatness - 5 pts
(The model is designed carefully and showcases the student's
creativity and are appropriate.)
*Rubrics adapted from:
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=VC4AB9&
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Description:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
____________________________________________.
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Let Us Remember
➢ Heat is a form of energy.
➢ Heat changes the temperature of an object
➢ Work-Energy Theorem states that energy can be equated to work.
➢ In order for something to do work, force must be exerted and that upon
the application of such force, change of position (displacement) must
come about.
➢ When heat is transferred from an object to its surroundings, it makes
the object cool down and its surroundings to warm up.
➢ When heat is transferred to an object by its surroundings, it can warm
up the object and can cause its surroundings to cool down.
➢ The absorption of heat as energy contributes to the overall internal
energy of the object.
➢ Kinetic energy allows the particles to move faster, resulting in a greater
kinetic energy and temperature increase.
➢ The First Law of Thermodynamics states that the change in internal
energy of a system, Q is the net heat transfer (the sum of all heat
transfer into and out of the system), and W is the net work done (the
sum of all work done on or by the system).
➢ ΔU = Q − W
➢ In a thermodynamic system, the energy stored or contained in a body
is known as the body’s internal energy or its total mechanical energy.
➢ Internal energy is an extensive property, and cannot be measured
directly.
➢ The thermodynamic processes that define the internal energy are
transfers of matter, or of energy as heat, and thermodynamic work.
Let Us Assess
Activity 6: Word Problem Solving
I. Supply what is asked.
1. Give an example whereby the concept of heat is associated to work
(2 pts)
2. Relate the relationship between heat and work. (5 pts)
3. How does heat do work? (5 pts)
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II. Solve the given problem. Show your complete solution. Observe
proper sign conventions and state your conclusion.
1. Some amount of energy is transferred by heat into a system. The net
work done by the system is 50J, while the increase in its internal energy
is 30J. What is the amount of net heat?
2. 2000 J of heat leaves the system and 2500 J of work is done on the
system. What is the change in internal energy of the system?
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Let Us Enhance
Since you have reached this part of the module, let us do some fun stuff
to enhance your understanding of the lesson on how heat can do work.
Activity 7: Search the Word!
WORD SEARCH
t s o l a r u i i h i s
h t u v x k r u n b e w
e i h d e i t i t g a o
r d e o w n s o e c o r
m a a e h e y u r f u k
o l t o l t z a n k g p
d g e n e i a t a o n T
y z n o i c a t l b u S
n t e p d e w n e s c Y
a x m j k n p w n x l p
m c h y d e o p e w e r
i g j o i r q b r v a T
c h f p y g d n g b r Y
s t r a n y f o y m e r
t o e i x o f b v l k a
i p a r t i c l e s t y
o p q r s t u v w x y z
n t e m p e r a t u r e
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Let Us Reflect
Activity 1: JOURNAL ACTIVITY
Direction: Complete the KWL Chart below and supply what is asked.
Topic:_____________________________________________________
What I Know What I Want To What I Learned
Know
Comments/Suggestions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________
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Answer key to Activities
LET US TRY
1. b 6. a 11. a
2. a 7. b 12. a
3. b 8. b 13. c
4. a 9. a 14. a
5. c 10. b 15. c
LET US STUDY
- Guide Question
1. a – decreases/ cool down
b – increases/ warm up
2. a – increases/ warm up
b – decreases/ cool down
3. a – move fast
b – move slow
- Practice Exercise
1. 60J
2. -10J
3. 50J
LET US PRACTICE
Activity 3
1. Heat
2. Answers may vary
3. a. boundary
b. surroundings
c. system
d. surroundings
e. surroundings
4. transfers of matter, energy/heat, thermodynamic work
LET US PRACTICE MORE
Activity 4
Parts of the Car Engine
1. air
2. fuel
3. cylinder
4. piston
Description – answers may vary
LET US ASSESS
I. Answers may vary
II.
1. 80J
2. 500J
LET US ENHANCE
- WORD SEARCH
thermodynamics work
internal energy particles
kinetic energy temperature
heat
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References:
• The First Law of Thermodynamics. no date.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/15-1-the-first-
law-of-thermodynamics/
• OpenStax College. no date. College Physics.
http://cnx.org/contents/031da8d3-b525-429c-80cf-
6c8ed997733a/College_Physics.
• Physics.Gurumuda.Net. no date. Solved Problems In Basic Physics: The
First Law Of Thermodynamics – Problems And Solutions.
https://physics.gurumuda.net/the-first-law-of-thermodynamics-
problems-and-solutions.htm.
• OpenStax College. no date. 12.2 First law of Thermodynamics: Thermal
Energy and Work. https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/12-
problems.
• The Physics Classroom. no date. What Does Heat Do?
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/thermalP/u18l2a.cfm.
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Department of Education – Division of Tagum City
E-Park, Apokon, Tagum City
Telefax: (084)-216-3504
