Name: LEENA TAHIR

Roll no: 010

Department: BSFST
Subject: ICT
Teacher: Zahid zaidi
 Assignment

Network:-
A network, in the context of computing and telecommunications, is

a system of interconnected devices that can communicate and exchange

data with each other. These devices can include computers, servers,

printers, smartphones, and other hardware. The main purpose of a

network is to enable the sharing of resources and information.

Key components of a network include:

1. Nodes: These are the devices connected to the network, such as

computers, printers, and routers.

2. Links: These are the communication pathways that connect the nodes,

which can be wired (e.g., Ethernet cables) or wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi).

3. Protocols: These are the rules and standards that govern how data is

transmitted and received over the network. Common protocols include

TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.

4. Networking hardware: This includes devices like routers, switches,

and hubs that manage and facilitate the flow of data within the network.

Networks facilitate various functions, such as:

 Data sharing: Allowing multiple devices to access and exchange

data.

 Resource sharing: Enabling multiple devices to share hardware

and software resources, like printers and applications.

 Communication: Supporting communication methods like email,

instant messaging, and video conferencing.

Overall, a network is essential for enabling connectivity and collaboration

among devices, making it possible to efficiently manage and utilize

resources and information.

Types of network:-
Here are some common types of networks, each serving different

purposes and scales:

1. Local area network:-

 Scope : Limited to a small geographic area, like a single building

or a campus.

 Use: Connects personal computers, printers, and other devices

 to share resources and information locally.

 Example: Office or home network.

2. Wide area network:-

 Scope: Covers a broad geographic area, potentially worldwide.

 Use: Connects multiple LANs, often using leased

telecommunication lines.

 Example*: The internet.

3. **Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)**:

 Scope Spans a city or a large campus.

 Use Connects multiple LANs within a larger area than a LAN but

smaller than a WAN.

 Example: A city-wide Wi-Fi network.

4. **Personal Area Network (PAN)**:

 Scope Very limited range, typically within a few meters.

 Use Connects personal devices such as smartphones, tablets,

and laptops.

 Example Bluetooth connections between a smartphone and a

headset.

5. Campus Area Network (CAN)

 Scope: Covers multiple buildings within a specific area, such as a

 university or corporate campus.

 *Use Interconnects various LANs across a campus.

 Example: University campus network.

6. Virtual Private Network (VPN):

 Scope: Can span any geographic area, providing secure access

over a public network.

 . Use: Allows secure remote access to a private network.

 Example: Employees accessing their company’s network securely

from home.

7. Storage Area Network (SAN)

 Scope: Typically confined to a data center.

 Use: Provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage.

 Example: High-speed network that connects servers to storage

devices.

8. Enterprise Private Network (EPN):

 Scope: Used by individual organizations.

 Use: Connects multiple sites of a business to secure internal

communication.

 Example: A corporation's internal network linking multiple

branches.
Each type of network is designed to meet specific needs, ranging from

small, personal connections to large-scale global communication

systems.

Why computer network is so important?

Computer networks are integral to modern society, enabling seamless

communication and efficient resource sharing across various domains.

One of the most significant advantages of computer networks is their

ability to facilitate communication. Whether through email, instant

messaging, or video conferencing, networks allow individuals and

organizations to connect effortlessly, regardless of geographic location.

This instant connectivity supports both personal interactions and

professional collaborations, fostering global relationships and business

operations.

Moreover, computer networks enhance resource sharing, a crucial

aspect for businesses and educational institutions. Through networks,

multiple users can access shared printers, software, and data storage,

significantly reducing costs and improving efficiency. This shared access

not only streamlines operations but also promotes collaboration, as

team members can easily share files and resources, ensuring everyone is

on the same page.

In addition to communication and resource sharing, computer networks

support centralized data management and security. By storing data on

networked servers rather than individual devices, organizations can

implement robust security measures and backup systems to protect

against data loss or breaches. This centralization simplifies the

management of data, making it easier to update, monitor, and secure.

Lastly, the flexibility and scalability of computer networks are vital in

today's dynamic environment. As organizations grow and evolve, their

network infrastructure can be scaled to accommodate new users and

devices without significant overhauls. This adaptability ensures that

networks can meet the changing needs of businesses and users,

supporting innovation and expansion.

In conclusion, the importance of computer networks lies in their ability

to enhance communication, enable efficient resource sharing, ensure

data security, and offer flexibility. These networks form the backbone of

modern operations, driving productivity, connectivity, and growth across

various sectors.