Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Design of End bay Zone-1 Raft (For Normal Load case):

1. Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 148 4 1.5*(DL+LL) 0.147 0.034 0 0 0 7.026 15.736 -0.925
Min Qx 165 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.147 0.034 0 0 0 7.026 15.736 0.925
Max Qy 155 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.034 0.147 0 0 0 15.736 7.026 0.925
Min Qy 105 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.034 -0.147 0 0 0 15.736 7.026 -0.925
Max Sx 115 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.015 -0.013 0 0 0 0.076 11.287 -0.153
Min Sx 72 4 1.5*(DL+LL) 0.05 -0.017 0 0 0 0.959 11.824 0.391
Max Sy 177 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.015 0.013 0 0 0 0.076 11.287 0.153
Min Sy 148 4 1.5*(DL+LL) 0.147 0.034 0 0 0 7.026 15.736 -0.925
Max Sxy 177 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.015 0.013 0 0 0 0.076 11.287 0.153
Min Sxy 115 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.015 -0.013 0 0 0 0.076 11.287 -0.153
Max Mx 155 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.034 0.147 0 0 0 15.736 7.026 0.925
Min Mx 167 4 1.5*(DL+LL) 0.053 0.135 0 0 0 -0.411 1.875 1.303
Max My 165 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.147 0.034 0 0 0 7.026 15.736 0.925
Min My 191 4 1.5*(DL+LL) 0.135 -0.053 0 0 0 1.875 -0.411 -1.303
Max Mxy 161 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.12 0.08 0 0 0 7.151 12.448 2.208
Min Mxy 103 4 1.5*(DL+LL) -0.12 -0.08 0 0 0 7.151 12.448 -2.208

2. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 275 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 400 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

3. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 10.980
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.253
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.916
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 0.986

4. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
i. Short Span:
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -0.411 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -1.303 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 15.736 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = -0.925 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 1.714 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 16.661 kN-m

ii. Long Span:

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -0.411 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = 1.303 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment along short span (Mx) = 15.736 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 0.925 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 1.714 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 16.661 kN-m
 Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). Shear Stresses :

i. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.147 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.147 N/mm2
Design Vertical shear stress (SQy) = 0.147 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.147 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.147 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.147 N/mm2

5. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 16.661 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 16.661 x 10^6
0.986 x 1000.0

= 129.993 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 400.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 362.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 1.714 x 10.0 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 362.50

= 18.780 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 400.00

100

= 480.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 480.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

480.000

= 1022.654 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK
 Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 16.661 x 10 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 362.50

= 182.551 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 400.00

100

= 480.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 480.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

480.000

= 1022.654 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 1.714 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 362.50

= 18.780 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 314.159 mm2

Spacing = 314.159 x 1000.0

654.498

= 480.000 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1570.796 mm2

Hence OK
 Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 16.661 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 362.50

= 182.551 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 314.159 mm2

Spacing = 314.159 x 1000.0

654.498

= 480.000 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1570.796 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.147 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 3272.49
1000.0 x 362.50

= 0.903 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.384 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear
 Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τx) = 0.147 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1570.80
1000.0 x 362.50

= 0.433 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.439 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 58800.0 - ( 0.439 x 1000.00 x 362.50 )

= -100294.8 N
= -100.295 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs

= 275.000 x 226.19 x 362.50

-100.295 x 10 ^3

= -224.825 mm
or say 150 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 500.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 245.987 mm
or say 200 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal
 Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.384 0.439
0.15 0.19 0.491 0.384 0.15 0.19 0.491 0.439
0.25 0.23 0.439 0.384 0.25 0.23 0.439 0.439
0.50 0.31 0.391 0.384 0.50 0.31 0.391 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.384 0.384 0.75 0.36 0.384 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.384 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.384 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.412 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.412 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.388 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.388 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.422 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.422 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.230 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.230 0.000
Hoist End bay Pier Raft_Normal

pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ

Design of End bay Zone-1 Raft (For EQ Load Case):

Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from face of

Membrane Bending Moment
support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx1416531 0.031
DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY+HDYNAMICX -0.062 0 0 0 101.608 -110.17 -119.964
Min Qx 18775 -0.312
115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y 0.077 0.781 0.133 -0.164 -538.394 26.135 139.035
Max Qy141
18560 0.001
DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY+HDYNAMICX 0.172 0 0 0 -15.098 -314.051 26.667
Min Qy 141
20906 0.003
DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY+HDYNAMICX -0.171 0 0 0 -1.95 168.909 -86.521
Max Sx 18571 -0.312
115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y 0.077 0.829 0.141 -0.151 -570.528 -170.671 137.044
Min Sx 20914 0.006
108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND Y -0.046 0 0 0 204.373 76.069 -119.455
Max Sy 18571 -0.312
115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y 0.077 0.829 0.141 -0.151 -570.528 -170.671 137.044
Min Sy 20914 0.006
108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND Y -0.046 0 0 0 204.373 76.069 -119.455
Max Sxy 4186134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY -0.172 0.022 0.474 0.08 1.555 163.964 478.868 56.151
Min Sxy 20915135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY -0.198 -0.019 0.538 0.091 -1.488 245.151 471.148 -102.547
Max Mx 20914135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.017 -0.053 0 0 0 308.61 507.884 -147.732
Min Mx 18571 -0.312
115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y 0.077 0.829 0.141 -0.151 -570.528 -170.671 137.044
Max My 20091135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.009 -0.012 0 0 0 29.451 1118.4 -50.686
Min My 1434185 -0.172
DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ -0.078 0 0 0 34.403 -414.587 107.932
Max Mxy1414182 -0.215
DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY+HDYNAMICX 0.117 0 0 0 0.846 71.855 199.464
Min Mxy 20911135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.016 -0.077 0 0 0 114.854 566.165 -233.4

Note: For Earthquake loading combination, Stresses in steel and concrete were increases by 33.333%.
1. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = M 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 11.330 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 366.575 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 400 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

2. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.237
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.203
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.932
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 1.072

3. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
i. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -414.587 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = 107.932 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 1118.400 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -50.686 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 522.519 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 1169.086 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -570.528 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = 137.044 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 308.610 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -147.732 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 707.572 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 456.342 kN-m
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ

b). Shear Stresses :

i. Short Span:
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.172 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.171 N/mm2
Design Vertical shear stress (SQy) = 0.172 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.031 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.312 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.312 N/mm2

4. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 1169.086 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 1169.086 x 10^6
1.072 x 1000.0

= 1044.337 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 400.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 362.50 mm
Check: Revise the depth of section

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 522.519 x 10.0 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 362.50

= 4217.456 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 400.00

100

= 480.000 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 4217.456 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars mm

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

4217.456

= 116.391 mm
or say 150 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

NOT OK
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 1169.086 x 10 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 362.50

= 9436.152 mm2
Min. area of steel (Astmin):
Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 400.00

100

= 480.000 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 9436.152 mm2
Provide 25 mm dia. bars
Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

9436.152

= 52.021 mm
or say 150 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

NOT OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 707.572 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 362.50

= 5711.091 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 5711.091 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 314.159 mm2

Spacing = 314.159 x 1000.0

5711.091

= 55.009 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1570.796 mm2

NOT OK

b). For Positive BM :

Required Area of steel = 456.342 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 362.50

= 3683.315 mm2
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ
Min. area of steel (Astmin):
Min. Area of Steel = 20.00 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3683.315 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

3683.315

= 54.587 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

NOT OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual Shear stress (τv) = 0.172 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 3272.49
1000.0 x 362.50

= 0.903 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.384 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
= 0.512 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ

ii. Along Long Span

Actual Shear stress (τx) = 0.312 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1570.80
1000.0 x 362.50

= 0.433 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.289 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
= 0.385 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 124800.000 - ( 0.289 x 1000.00 x 362.50 )

= 70559.9 N
= 70.560 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs

= 366.575 x 226.19 x 362.50

70.560 x 10 ^3

= 425.986 mm
or say 175.0 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 500.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 245.987 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 175.0 mm c/c

 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.384 0.289
0.15 0.19 0.491 0.384 0.15 0.19 0.303 0.289
0.25 0.23 0.439 0.384 0.25 0.23 0.289 0.289
0.50 0.31 0.391 0.384 0.50 0.31 0.297 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.384 0.384 0.75 0.36 0.309 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.384 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.309 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.412 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.375 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.388 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.332 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.422 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.385 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.230 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.110 0.000
 Hoist Pier End bay Raft_EQ

Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
0.000
 Calculation of Crack Width for End bay Zone-1 Raft (Ref. IS: 456 (ANNEX F))

(Assuming pure bending)

DATA :-
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending comp. stress (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stressin steel (σst) = 275.0 N/mm2
Bending Moment (M) = 16.661 kN-m
Thickness / Depth (t / D) = 400 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 362.500 mm
Dia. of bar (db) = 25 mm
Clear Cover (Cmin.) = 25 mm
Effective Cover (dc) = 37.50 mm
Spacing of bars (s) = 150 mm
Provided Dia. and Spacing = 25 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c
Provided Area of Reinforcement (Ast) = 3272.492 mm2
Provided % of Steel (pt) = 0.903 %
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) = 2.0E+05 N /mm2

Solution:

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 5000 x 25.0

= 25000.0 N /mm 2

Modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3* σcbc)

= 10.98

Depth of N.A. (x) = k*d

Where
k = [(2 * ρ * m) + (ρ * m)2] - ρ * m
Where
ρ = pt / 100
= 0.00903
Substituting ,
k = 0.36

x
a'
N .A.
d D

dc

Cmin
db

Hoist End bay Pier Raft

 x = 129.42 mm
Icr = b * x / 3 + m * Ast * ( d - x )2
3

= 2674694991.51 mm4

Tensile stress in Steel (fst) = [M * (d - x) * m] / Icr < 275 N /mm2

= 15.942 N /mm 2
OK
Mean strain (Єm) = Є1 - Є 2
where
Є1 is strain at the location of interest
Є2 is corresponds to the reduction due to tension stiffening effect.
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel

fst * (D-x)
Є1 =
Es * (d-x)
D-x = 270.577
d-x = 233.077
15.942 x 270.577
Є1 =
200000.00 x 233.077

= 0.000093

b * ( D - x ) * ( a' - x )
Є2 =
3 * Es * Ast * ( d - x )
Where
'a' is distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated.
a' = D
D-x = 270.577
a' - x = 270.577

Є2 = 1000 x 270.577 x 270.577

3 x 200000.00 x 3272.492 x 233.077

= 0.000160

Єm = Є1 - Є 2 = -0.0000674
Negative Value indicates that, the Section does not Crack.

Hoist End bay Pier Raft

Hoist End bay Pier Raft
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Design of End bay Zone-2 Raft (For Normal Load Case):

1. Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 6550106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.101 0.054 0 0 0 649.887 275.584 -72.974
Min Qx 19608106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.142 0.012 -0.697 -0.119 0.368 791.055 1003.988 69.706
Max Qy 18572 0.026
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT 0.093 0 0 0 -434.709 -227.801 134.542
Min Qy 6535 102 CASE-2:CASE-1+GATES OPEN 0.032 -0.09 0 0 0 -450.359 -156.892 -136.869
Max Sx 20933 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.038 -0.039 0 0 0 372.324 401.924 -147.598
Min Sx 18588106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.138 0.048 -0.802 -0.136 0.155 630.182 159.621 73.53
Max Sy 20933 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.038 -0.039 0 0 0 372.324 401.924 -147.598
Min Sy 18588106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.138 0.048 -0.802 -0.136 0.155 630.182 159.621 73.53
Max Sxy 20934 -0.088
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.033 -0.432 -0.074 0.74 369.59 442.454 -181.323
Min Sxy 107 -0.094
4205CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT 0.037 -0.459 -0.078 -0.82 392.805 425.078 201.459
Max Mx 19709106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.083 0.008 0 0 0 820.951 1085.855 61.696
Min Mx 18572106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.049 0.083 0 0 0 -681.067 -244.056 127.721
Max My 107 0.024
5209CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.001 0 0 0 -278.313 1251.452 -4.155
Min My 18572102 CASE-2:CASE-1+GATES OPEN 0.047 0.08 0 0 0 -458.455 -249.029 131.63
Max Mxy 107 0.029
4205CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT 0.088 -0.459 -0.078 -0.82 392.805 425.078 201.459
Min Mxy 20934 0.034
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.084 -0.432 -0.074 0.74 369.59 442.454 -181.323

2. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25 As per IS:456-2000
Grade of Steel = Fe 500 Garde σcbc σcc
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σ cbc) = 8.50 N/mm2 M25 8.5 6.0
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σ st) = 275 N/mm2 M30 10.0 8.0
Thickness of Raft = 3000 mm M50 16.0 12.0
Clear cover = 75 mm

3. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 10.980
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.253
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.916
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 0.986

4. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (M y) = -249.029 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = 131.630 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (M y) = 1251.452 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -4.155 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (M y) = My + Mxy = 380.659 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (M y) = My + Mxy 1255.607 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (M x) = -681.067 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = 127.721 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (M x) = 820.951 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = 61.696 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (M x) = Mx + Mxy = 808.788 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (M x) = Mx + Mxy 882.647 kN-m
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). Shear Stress :

I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (S Qy) = 0.093 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (S Qy) = -0.090 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (S Qy) = 0.093 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (S Qx) = 0.101 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (S Qx) = -0.142 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (S Qx) = 0.142 N/mm2

5. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 1255.607 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 1255.607 x 10^6
0.986 x 1000.0

= 1128.488 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 3000.0 - 75.00 - 12.50

= 2912.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 380.659 x 10.0 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 2912.50

= 519.113 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 3000.00

100

= 3600.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3600.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. of bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3600.000

= 136.354 mm
or say 125.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3926.991 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 1255.607 x 10 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 2912.50

= 1712.300 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 3000.00

100

= 3600.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3600.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3600.000

= 136.354 mm
or say 125.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3926.991 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 808.788 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 2912.50

= 1102.963 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3926.991
100

= 785.398 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 1102.963 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 314.159 mm2

Spacing = 314.159 x 1000.0

1102.963

= 284.832 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1570.796 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 882.647 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 2912.50

= 1203.686 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3926.991
100

= 785.398 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement. Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25
Designed Area of steel = 1203.686 mm2 pt τc
0.15 0.19 0.184
Provide 16 mm dia. bars 0.25 0.23 0.193
Area of bar = 201.062 mm2 0.50 0.31 0.237
0.75 0.36 0.262
Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0 1.00 0.40 0.262
1203.686 1.25 0.44 0.351
1.50 0.46 0.296
= 167.039 mm 1.75 0.49 0.361
or say 150 mm 2.00 0.51 0.034

Provided Area of steel = 1340.413 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τ v) = 0.093 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast Table-23 of IS:456-2000:

b *d pt τc
0.15 0.19
= 100.0 x 3926.99 0.25 0.23
1000.0 x 2912.50

= 0.135 %

Permissible Shear stress (τ c) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear
2.00 0.51 255.000

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τ v) = 0.142 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1570.80
1000.0 x 2912.50

= 0.054 %

Permissible Shear stress (τ c) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 426000.0 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 2912.50 )

= -127375.0 N
= -127.375 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs

= 275.000 x 226.19 x 2912.50

-127.375 x 10 ^3

= -1422.318 mm
or say 150 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 0.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 0.000 mm
or say 200 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

As per IS:456-2000
σcbt σct
1.8 1.3
2.0 1.5
2.8 2.1
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.000 0.15 0.19 0.152 0.000
0.000 0.25 0.23 0.167 0.000
0.000 0.50 0.31 0.221 0.000
0.000 0.75 0.36 0.249 0.000
0.000 1.00 0.40 0.249 0.000
0.000 1.25 0.44 0.344 0.000
0.000 1.50 0.46 0.286 0.000
0.000 1.75 0.49 0.354 0.000
0.000 2.00 0.51 0.014 0.000

0.000

0.000
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Design of End bay Zone-2 Raft (For EQ Load Case):

Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 6550115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y0.102 0.052 0 0 0 637.873 274.757 -78.509
Min Qx 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y-0.138
19608 0.011 -0.69 -0.117 0.355 769.087 968.032 73.847
Max Qy 18572 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.026 0.126 0 0 0 -547.915 -685.609 156.653
Min Qy 6535 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.026 -0.122 0 0 0 -517.906 -606.168 -155.406
Max Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.039
20933 Y -0.04 0 0 0 381.763 408.015 -149.604
Min Sx 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y-0.135
18588 0.045 -0.796 -0.135 0.149 620.154 158.634 79.348
Max Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.039
20933 Y -0.04 0 0 0 381.763 408.015 -149.604
Min Sy 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y-0.135
18588 0.045 -0.796 -0.135 0.149 620.154 158.634 79.348
Max Sxy 20934 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY -0.115 0 -0.552 -0.094 0.979 573.606 1204.096 -266.902
Min Sxy 4205 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY -0.109 -0.003 -0.5 -0.085 -1.044 548.294 1289.759 250.048
Max Mx 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y0.085
19709 0.007 0 0 0 794.72 1046.186 66.633
Min Mx 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y0.048
18572 0.082 0 0 0 -673.75 -247.71 131.972
Max My 4903 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.038 0.004 0 0 0 -269.678 1523.344 43.363
Min My 143 -0.06
4207DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ -0.069 -0.398 -0.068 -0.503 101.52 -722.417 49.983
Max Mxy 4205 133 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY 0.046 0.095 -0.691 -0.118 -0.829 587.086 368.824 260.003
Min Mxy 20934 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.048 -0.096 -0.552 -0.094 0.979 573.606 1204.096 -266.902

Note: For Earthquake loading combination, Stresses in steel and concrete were increases by 33.333%.
1. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 11.330 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 366.575 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 3000 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm

2. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.237
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.203
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.932
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 1.072

3. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -722.417 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = 49.983 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 1523.344 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 43.363 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 772.400 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 1566.707 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -673.75 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = 131.972 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 794.720 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 66.633 kN-m
Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 805.722 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 861.353 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

b Shear Streses :
I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.126 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.122 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.126 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.10 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.138 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.138 N/mm2

4. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 1566.707 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q* b

= 1566.707 x 10^6
1.072 x 1000.0

= 1208.958 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 3000.0 - 75.00 - 12.50

= 2912.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 772.400 x 10.0 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 2912.50

= 775.948 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 3000.00

100

= 3600.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3600.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3600.000

= 136.354 mm
or say 125.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3926.991 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM
Required Area of steel = 1566.707 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2912.50

= 1573.904 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 3000.00

100

= 3600.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3600.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3600.000

= 136.354 mm
or say 125.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3926.991 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 805.722 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2912.50

= 809.423 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3926.991
100

= 785.398 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 809.423 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 314.159 mm2

Spacing = 314.159 x 1000.0

809.423

= 388.127 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1570.796 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 861.353 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2912.50

= 865.310 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3926.991
100

= 785.398 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 865.310 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

865.310

= 232.358 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.126 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 3926.99
1000.0 x 2912.50

= 0.135 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.138 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1570.80
1000.0 x 2912.50

= 0.054 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 414000.000 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 2912.50 )

= -139375.0 N
= #N/A kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

= 366.575 x 226.19 x 2912.50

#N/A x 10 ^3

= #N/A mm
or say 150.0 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 500.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 245.987 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.184 0.000 0.15 0.19 0.152 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.193 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.167 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.237 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.221 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.262 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.249 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.262 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.249 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.351 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.344 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.296 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.286 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.361 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.354 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.034 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.014 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000: Table-23 of IS:456-2000:

pt τc pt τc
0.15 0.19 0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23 0.25 0.23
 Calculation of Crack Width for End bay Zone-2 Raft (Ref. IS: 456 (ANNEX F))

(Assuming pure bending)

DATA :-
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending comp. stress (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stressin steel (σst) = 275.0 N/mm2
Bending Moment (M) = 1255.607 kN-m
Thickness / Depth (t / D) = 3000 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 2912.50 mm
Dia. of bar (db) = 25 mm
Clear Cover (Cmin.) = 75 mm
Effective Cover (dc) = 87.50 mm
Spacing of bars (s) = 125 mm
Provided Dia. and Spacing = 25 mm dia. @ 125 mm c/c
Provided Area of Reinforcement (Ast) = 3926.991 mm2
Provided % of Steel (pt) = 0.135 %
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) = 2.0E+05 N /mm2

Solution:

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 5000 x 25.0

= 25000.0 N /mm2

Modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3* σcbc)

= 10.98

Depth of N.A. (x) = k*d

Where
k = [(2 * ρ * m) + (ρ * m)2] - ρ * m
Where
ρ = pt / 100
= 0.00135
Substituting ,
k = 0.16

x
a'
N .A.
d D

dc

Cmin
db

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

 x = 459.90 mm
Icr = b * x / 3 + m * Ast * ( d - x )2
3

= 291801011681.46 mm4

Tensile stress in Steel (fst) = [M * (d - x) * m] / Icr < 275 N /mm2

= 115.881 N /mm 2
OK
Mean strain (Єm) = Є1 - Є 2
where
Є1 is strain at the location of interest
Є2 is corresponds to the reduction due to tension stiffening effect.
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel

fst * (D-x)
Є1 =
Es * (d-x)
D-x = 2540.096
d-x = 2452.596
115.881 x 2540.096
Є1 =
200000.00 x 2452.596

= 0.000600

b * ( D - x ) * ( a' - x )
Є2 =
3 * Es * Ast * ( d - x )
Where
'a' is distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated.
a' = D
D-x = 2540.096
a' - x = 2540.096

Є2 = 1000 x 2540.096 x 2540.096

3 x 200000.00 x 3926.991 x 2452.596

= 0.001117

Єm = Є1 - Є 2 = -0.0005164
Negative Value indicates that, the Section does not Crack.

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

Bridge End bay Pier Raft
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Design of End bay Zone-3 Raft (For Normal Load Case):

1. Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 5849106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.105 -0.019 0 0 0 -566.031 391.212 -27.725
Min Qx 18905106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.143 0.022 -0.78 -0.133 0.242 -527.159 170.199 14.624
Max Qy 4227106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.023 0.055 0 0 0 -42.845 154.001 -256.54
Min Qy 104 CASE-4:CASE-1+ONE GATE OPEN0.018
6573 -0.053 0 0 0 -66.334 149.329 65.402
Max Sx 20956 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.022 -0.043 0 0 0 -43.784 225.506 215.094
Min Sx 6562106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.141 -0.019 -0.789 -0.134 -0.25 -474.666 148.375 -3.568
Max Sy 20956 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.022 -0.043 0 0 0 -43.784 225.506 215.094
Min Sy 6562106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.141 -0.019 -0.789 -0.134 -0.25 -474.666 148.375 -3.568
Max Sxy 20937 -0.077
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.024 -0.405 -0.069 0.719 190.336 143.085 -90.987
Min Sxy 107 -0.083
4208CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT 0.032 -0.43 -0.074 -0.797 195.218 129.907 114.072
Max Mx 20121106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.093 -0.015 -0.627 -0.107 0.52 333.145 542.387 18.783
Min Mx 19416106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.103 0.02 0 0 0 -574.306 373.748 27.814
Max My 107 0.027
5349CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.002 0 0 0 46.424 744.694 -68.581
Min My 4216106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.138 0.022 -0.596 -0.101 -0.734 -341.609 -141.817 -141.262
Max Mxy 20951
103 CASE-3:CASE-1+GATES CLOSED0.031 -0.043 0 0 0 -131.425 154.284 256.692
Min Mxy 4223103 CASE-3:CASE-1+GATES CLOSED0.032 0.052 0 0 0 -113.519 90.816 -267.535

2. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 275 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 2500 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

3. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 10.980
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.253
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.916
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 0.986

4. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -141.817 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = -141.262 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 744.694 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -68.581 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 283.079 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 813.275 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -574.306 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = 27.814 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 333.145 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = 18.783 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 602.120 kN-m

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 351.928 kN-m
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). Shear Stress :

I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.055 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.053 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.055 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.105 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.143 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.143 N/mm2

5. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 813.275 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 813.275 x 10^6
0.986 x 1000.0

= 908.215 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 2500.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 2462.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 283.079 x 10.0 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 456.587 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. of bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 813.275 x 10 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 1311.757 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 602.120 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 971.178 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 971.178 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

971.178

= 207.029 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). For Positive BM :

Required Area of steel = 351.928 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 567.636 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

654.498

= 307.200 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.055 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 3272.49
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.133 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.143 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.041 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 357500.0 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 2462.50 )

= -110375.0 N
= -110.375 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
= 275.000 x 226.19 x 2462.50
-110.375 x 10 ^3

= -1387.780 mm
or say 150 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 0.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 0.000 mm
or say 200 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.183 0.000 0.15 0.19 0.146 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.193 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.163 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.237 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.218 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.261 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.247 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.261 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.247 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.351 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.343 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.296 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.285 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.361 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.353 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.034 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.010 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
0.000

2.00 0.51 255.000 0.000

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Design of End bay Zone-3 Raft (For EQ Load Case):

Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 5849115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y0.104 -0.018 0 0 0 -557.919 380.254 -29.203
Min Qx 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y-0.141
18905 0.022 -0.772 -0.131 0.235 -520.176 163.93 15.449
Max Qy 4208 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY -0.047 0.079 -0.396 -0.068 -0.501 59.367 -442.76 31.918
Min Qy 20937 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.027 -0.074 -0.379 -0.065 0.374 61.216 -425.433 -28.066
Max Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.022
20956 Y -0.044 0 0 0 -44.57 227.963 217.82
Min Sx 6562115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y-0.14 -0.018 -0.781 -0.133 -0.244 -468.266 146.689 -6.502
Max Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.022
20956 Y -0.044 0 0 0 -44.57 227.963 217.82
Min Sy 6562115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y-0.14 -0.018 -0.781 -0.133 -0.244 -468.266 146.689 -6.502
Max Sxy 20937 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY -0.091 -0.004 -0.518 -0.089 0.947 329.03 561.514 -157.802
Min Sxy 4208 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY -0.087 0.005 -0.47 -0.081 -1.015 316.107 610.898 158.2
Max Mx 20937 -0.089
143 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ -0.015 -0.516 -0.088 0.946 329.051 560.887 -157.428
Min Mx 115 CASE-3-WINDX FRL-WIND Y0.102
19416 0.02 0 0 0 -565.722 361.642 29.636
Max My 4941 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.033 -0.001 0 0 0 96.63 946.053 -152.495
Min My 143 -0.075
4217DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ -0.047 0 0 0 -329.213 -525.433 -126.937
Max Mxy 20950 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.037 -0.017 0 0 0 -97.427 570.164 287.573
Min Mxy 4221 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.032 0.052 0 0 0 -87.053 564.962 -291.449

Note: For Earthquake loading combination, Stresses in steel and concrete were increases by 33.333%.
1. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500 As per IS:456-2000
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σ cbc) = 11.330 N/mm2 Garde σcbc σcc σcbt
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σ st) = 366.575 N/mm2 M25 8.5 6.0 1.8
Thickness of Raft = 2500 mm M30 10.0 8.0 2.0
Clear cover = 25 mm M50 16.0 12.0 2.8

2. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.237
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.203
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.932
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 1.072

3. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (M y) = -525.433 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = -126.937 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (M y) = 946.053 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -152.495 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (M y) = My + Mxy = 652.370 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (M y) = My + Mxy 1098.548 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (M x) = -565.722 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = 29.636 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (M x) = 329.051 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -157.428 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (M x) = Mx + Mxy = 595.358 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (M x) = Mx + Mxy 486.479 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

b Shear Streses :
I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (S Qy) = 0.079 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (S Qy) = -0.074 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (S Qy) = 0.079 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (S Qx) = 0.10 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (S Qx) = -0.141 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (S Qx) = 0.141 N/mm2

4. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 1098.548 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q* b

= 1098.548 x 10^6
1.072 x 1000.0

= 1012.341 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 2500.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 2462.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 652.370 x 10.0 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 775.129 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM
Required Area of steel = 1098.548 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 1305.267 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 595.358 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 707.389 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 707.389 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

707.389

= 284.231 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 486.479 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 578.022 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2 Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25
pt τc
Provide 16 mm dia. bars 0.15 0.19 0.183 0.000
Area of bar = 201.062 mm2 0.25 0.23 0.193 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.237 0.000
Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0 0.75 0.36 0.261 0.000
654.498 1.00 0.40 0.261 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.351 0.000
= 307.200 mm 1.50 0.46 0.296 0.000
or say 200 mm 1.75 0.49 0.361 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.034 0.000
Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2
Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τ v) = 0.079 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d
Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
= 100.0 x 3272.49 pt τc
1000.0 x 2462.50 0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
= 0.133 %

Permissible Shear stress (τ c) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τ v) = 0.141 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.041 %

Permissible Shear stress (τ c) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 352500.000 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 2462.50 )

= -115375.0 N
= #N/A kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs

= 366.575 x 226.19 x 2462.50

#N/A x 10 ^3

= #N/A mm
or say 150.0 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 500.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 245.987 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

As per IS:456-2000
σct
1.3
1.5
2.1
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final

pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.146 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.163 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.218 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.247 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.247 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.343 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.285 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.353 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.010 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
 Calculation of Crack Width for End bay Zone-3 Raft (Ref. IS: 456 (ANNEX F))

(Assuming pure bending)

DATA :-
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending comp. stress (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stressin steel (σst) = 275.0 N/mm2
Bending Moment (M) = 813.275 kN-m
Thickness / Depth (t / D) = 2500 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 2462.50 mm
Dia. of bar (db) = 25 mm
Clear Cover (Cmin.) = 25 mm
Effective Cover (dc) = 37.50 mm
Spacing of bars (s) = 150 mm
Provided Dia. and Spacing = 25 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c
Provided Area of Reinforcement (Ast) = 3272.492 mm2
Provided % of Steel (pt) = 0.133 %
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) = 2.0E+05 N /mm2

Solution:

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 5000 x 25.0

= 25000.0 N /mm2

Modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3* σcbc)

= 10.98

Depth of N.A. (x) = k*d

Where
k = [(2 * ρ * m) + (ρ * m)2] - ρ * m
Where
ρ = pt / 100
= 0.00133
Substituting ,
k = 0.16

x
a'
N .A.
d D

dc

Cmin
db

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

 x = 386.28 mm
Icr = b * x / 3 + m * Ast * ( d - x )2
3

= 174109647881.33 mm4

Tensile stress in Steel (fst) = [M * (d - x) * m] / Icr < 275 N /mm2

= 106.489 N /mm 2
OK
Mean strain (Єm) = Є1 - Є 2
where
Є1 is strain at the location of interest
Є2 is corresponds to the reduction due to tension stiffening effect.
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel

fst * (D-x)
Є1 =
Es * (d-x)
D-x = 2113.722
d-x = 2076.222
106.489 x 2113.722
Є1 =
200000.00 x 2076.222

= 0.000542

b * ( D - x ) * ( a' - x )
Є2 =
3 * Es * Ast * ( d - x )
Where
'a' is distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated.
a' = D
D-x = 2113.722
a' - x = 2113.722

Є2 = 1000 x 2113.722 x 2113.722

3 x 200000.00 x 3272.492 x 2076.222

= 0.001096

Єm = Є1 - Є 2 = -0.0005539
Negative Value indicates that, the Section does not Crack.

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

Bridge End bay Pier Raft
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Design of End bay Zone-4 Raft (For Normal Load Case):

1. Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 19937106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.031 -0.001 0 0 0 81.65 732.8 99.122
Min Qx 103 CASE-3:CASE-1+GATES CLOSED-0.001
36108 -0.086 0 0 0 -22.61 163.123 194.496
Max Qy 4145106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.013 0.114 0 0 0 -24.935 47.284 -181.612
Min Qy 36117106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.013 -0.105 0 0 0 -4.382 155.398 179.089
Max Sx 36117 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.014 -0.099 0 0 0 -14.706 159.971 178.915
Min Sx 36117 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.014 -0.099 0 0 0 -14.706 159.971 178.915
Max Sy 36117 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.014 -0.099 0 0 0 -14.706 159.971 178.915
Min Sy 36117 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.014 -0.099 0 0 0 -14.706 159.971 178.915
Max Sxy 36117 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.014 -0.099 0 0 0 -14.706 159.971 178.915
Min Sxy 36117 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.014 -0.099 0 0 0 -14.706 159.971 178.915
Max Mx 5356106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.014 -0.002 0 0 0 134.683 880.144 -84.255
Min Mx 18509 0.013
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT 0.06 0 0 0 -104.396 -12.115 -31.319
Max My 5369106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.022 0.005 0 0 0 98.965 1125.611 -54.578
Min My 18528106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.011 0.059 0 0 0 -24.858 -248.502 -52.228
Max Mxy 20957
103 CASE-3:CASE-1+GATES CLOSED0.021 -0.055 0 0 0 -19.006 239.051 239.841
Min Mxy 4228103 CASE-3:CASE-1+GATES CLOSED0.022 0.065 0 0 0 -32.367 159.808 -253.65

2. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 275 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 2500 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

3. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 10.980
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.253
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.916
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 0.986

4. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -248.502 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = -52.228 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 1125.611 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -54.578 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 300.730 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 1180.189 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -104.396 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (M xy) = -31.319 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 134.683 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (M xy) = -84.255 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 135.715 kN-m

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 218.938 kN-m
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). Shear Stress :

I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.114 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.105 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.114 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.031 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.001 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.031 N/mm2

5. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 1180.189 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 1180.189 x 10^6
0.986 x 1000.0

= 1094.072 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 2500.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 2462.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 300.730 x 10.0 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 485.057 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. of bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 1180.189 x 10 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 1903.564 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 135.715 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 218.899 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

654.498

= 307.200 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). For Positive BM :

Required Area of steel = 218.938 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 2462.50

= 353.132 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

654.498

= 307.200 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.114 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 3272.49
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.133 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.031 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.041 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.183 0.000 0.15 0.19 0.146 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.193 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.163 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.237 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.218 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.261 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.247 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.261 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.247 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.351 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.343 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.296 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.285 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.361 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.353 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.034 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.010 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
0.000

2.00 0.51 255.000 0.000

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Design of End bay Zone-4 Raft (For EQ Load Case):

Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 19835 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.032 0.028 0 0 0 89.282 877.984 76.428
Min Qx 143 -0.003
6779DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ 0.042 0 0 0 -33.571 288.012 -83.074
Max Qy 4145 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.013 0.128 0 0 0 -101.238 -487.564 -166.28
Min Qy 113 CASE-3+WINDX FRL-WIND Y0.006
36117 -0.116 0 0 0 -6.456 154.361 182.331
Max Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.014
36117 Y -0.099 0 0 0 -14.767 161.333 180.842
Min Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.014
36117 Y -0.099 0 0 0 -14.767 161.333 180.842
Max Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.014
36117 Y -0.099 0 0 0 -14.767 161.333 180.842
Min Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.014
36117 Y -0.099 0 0 0 -14.767 161.333 180.842
Max Sxy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.014
36117 Y -0.099 0 0 0 -14.767 161.333 180.842
Min Sxy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.014
36117 Y -0.099 0 0 0 -14.767 161.333 180.842
Max Mx 5050 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.015 -0.003 0 0 0 157.289 1090.289 -129.55
Min Mx 4126 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.015 0.087 0 0 0 -156.383 -529.145 -191.679
Max My 5063 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.021 0.018 0 0 0 123.948 1338.079 -89.838
Min My 143 0.013
4126DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ -0.076 0 0 0 -155.852 -529.812 -191.243
Max Mxy 20957 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.022 -0.03 0 0 0 46.445 737.849 246.913
Min Mxy 4228 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.022 0.064 0 0 0 54.351 750.496 -254.819

Note: For Earthquake loading combination, Stresses in steel and concrete were increases by 33.333%.
1. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 11.330 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 366.575 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 2500 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

2. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.237
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.203
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.932
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 1.072

3. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -529.812 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -191.243 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 1338.079 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = -89.838 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 721.055 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 1427.917 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -156.383 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -191.679 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 157.289 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = -129.550 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 348.062 kN-m
Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 286.839 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

b Shear Streses :
I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.128 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.116 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.128 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.03 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.003 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.032 N/mm2

4. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 1427.917 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q* b

= 1427.917 x 10^6
1.072 x 1000.0

= 1154.168 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 2500.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 2462.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 721.055 x 10.0 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 856.739 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM
Required Area of steel = 1427.917 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 1696.615 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2500.00

100

= 3000.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 3000.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

3000.000

= 163.625 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 3272.492 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 348.062 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 413.558 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

654.498

= 307.200 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 286.839 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 2462.50

= 340.815 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 3272.492
100

= 654.498 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 654.498 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

654.498

= 307.200 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.128 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 3272.49
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.133 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.032 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 2462.50

= 0.041 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.183 0.000 0.15 0.19 0.146 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.193 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.163 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.237 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.218 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.261 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.247 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.261 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.247 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.351 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.343 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.296 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.285 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.361 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.353 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.034 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.010 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000: Table-23 of IS:456-2000:

pt τc pt τc
0.15 0.19 0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23 0.25 0.23
 Calculation of Crack Width for End bay Zone-4 Raft (Ref. IS: 456 (ANNEX F))

(Assuming pure bending)

DATA :-
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending comp. stress (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stressin steel (σst) = 275.0 N/mm2
Bending Moment (M) = 1180.189 kN-m
Thickness / Depth (t / D) = 2500 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 2462.50 mm
Dia. of bar (db) = 25 mm
Clear Cover (Cmin.) = 25 mm
Effective Cover (dc) = 37.50 mm
Spacing of bars (s) = 150 mm
Provided Dia. and Spacing = 25 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c
Provided Area of Reinforcement (Ast) = 3272.492 mm2
Provided % of Steel (pt) = 0.133 %
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) = 2.0E+05 N /mm2

Solution:

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 5000 x 25.0

= 25000.0 N /mm2

Modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3* σcbc)

= 10.98

Depth of N.A. (x) = k*d

Where
k = [(2 * ρ * m) + (ρ * m)2] - ρ * m
Where
ρ = pt / 100
= 0.00133
Substituting ,
k = 0.16

x
a'
N .A.
d D

dc

Cmin
db

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

 x = 386.28 mm
Icr = b * x / 3 + m * Ast * ( d - x )2
3

= 174109647881.33 mm4

Tensile stress in Steel (fst) = [M * (d - x) * m] / Icr < 275 N /mm2

= 154.533 N /mm 2
OK
Mean strain (Єm) = Є1 - Є 2
where
Є1 is strain at the location of interest
Є2 is corresponds to the reduction due to tension stiffening effect.
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel

fst * (D-x)
Є1 =
Es * (d-x)
D-x = 2113.722
d-x = 2076.222
154.533 x 2113.722
Є1 =
200000.00 x 2076.222

= 0.000787

b * ( D - x ) * ( a' - x )
Є2 =
3 * Es * Ast * ( d - x )
Where
'a' is distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated.
a' = D
D-x = 2113.722
a' - x = 2113.722

Є2 = 1000 x 2113.722 x 2113.722

3 x 200000.00 x 3272.492 x 2076.222

= 0.001096

Єm = Є1 - Є 2 = -0.0003093
Negative Value indicates that, the Section does not Crack.

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

Bridge End bay Pier Raft
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Design of End bay Zone-5 Raft (For Normal Load Case):

1. Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 19957 0.031
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.009 0 0 0 89.193 595.818 56.248
Min Qx 4162 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL -0.002 0.115 0 0 0 -24.387 -227.297 -15.934
Max Qy 4162 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.012 0.138 0 0 0 -22.023 -233.012 -8.531
Min Qy 36134106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.009 -0.126 0 0 0 -10.754 -141.899 0.89
Max Sx 36134 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.007 -0.125 0 0 0 -12.865 -135.129 9.299
Min Sx 36134 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.007 -0.125 0 0 0 -12.865 -135.129 9.299
Max Sy 36134 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.007 -0.125 0 0 0 -12.865 -135.129 9.299
Min Sy 36134 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.007 -0.125 0 0 0 -12.865 -135.129 9.299
Max Sxy 36134 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.007 -0.125 0 0 0 -12.865 -135.129 9.299
Min Sxy 36134 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.007 -0.125 0 0 0 -12.865 -135.129 9.299
Max Mx 5386 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.017 0.003 0 0 0 230.029 772.4 -15.521
Min Mx 4159 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.006 0.099 0 0 0 -37.214 -145.893 -31.383
Max My 19973 0.015
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.01 0 0 0 212.218 778.38 19.598
Min My 18545106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.002 0.098 0 0 0 10.416 -322.168 -31.346
Max Mxy 20875 0.015
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.105 0 0 0 28.603 282.399 170.075
Min Mxy 4350103 CASE-3:CASE-1+GATES CLOSED0.011 0.119 0 0 0 20.593 202.715 -165.887

2. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 275 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 2000 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

3. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 10.980
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.253
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.916
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 0.986

4. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -322.168 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -31.346 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 778.380 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 19.598 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 353.514 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 797.978 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -37.214 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -31.383 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 230.029 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = -15.521 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 68.597 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 245.550 kN-m
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). Shear Stress :

I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.138 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.126 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.138 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.031 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.002 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.031 N/mm2

5. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 797.978 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 797.978 x 10^6
0.986 x 1000.0

= 899.633 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 2000.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 1962.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 353.514 x 10.0 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 1962.50

= 715.466 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2000.00

100

= 2400.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 2400.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. of bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

2400.000

= 204.531 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 797.978 x 10 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 1962.50

= 1615.003 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2000.00

100

= 2400.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 2400.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

2400.000

= 204.531 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 68.597 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 1962.50

= 138.831 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 490.874 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

490.874

= 409.600 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). For Positive BM :

Required Area of steel = 245.550 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 1962.50

= 496.961 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 496.961 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

496.961

= 404.583 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.138 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 2454.37
1000.0 x 1962.50

= 0.125 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.031 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 1962.50

= 0.051 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 62000.0 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 1962.50 )

= -310875.0 N
= -310.875 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs

= 275.000 x 226.19 x 1962.50

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
-310.875 x 10 ^3

= -392.680 mm
or say 150 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 0.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 0.000 mm
or say 200 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.180 0.000 0.15 0.19 0.150 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.190 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.166 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.235 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.220 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.260 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.248 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.260 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.248 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.350 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.344 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.295 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.286 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.360 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.354 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.032 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.013 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
0.000

2.00 0.51 255.000 0.000

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Design of End bay Zone-5 Raft (For EQ Load Case):

Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 5268 0.032
139 DL+BRDL+0.8BRLL-0.8(EQZ+EQY) 0.032 0 0 0 46.231 472.698 -71.621
Min Qx 18529 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY -0.006 0.095 0 0 0 -40.183 -203.137 -46.198
Max Qy 4162 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.014 0.157 0 0 0 -56.715 -502.795 -38.975
Min Qy 36134 0.01
138 DL+BRDL+0.8BRLL+0.8(EQZ+EQY) -0.135 0 0 0 -35.267 -336.416 24.246
Max Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.007
36134 Y -0.126 0 0 0 -12.739 -135.935 9.291
Min Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.007
36134 Y -0.126 0 0 0 -12.739 -135.935 9.291
Max Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.007
36134 Y -0.126 0 0 0 -12.739 -135.935 9.291
Min Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.007
36134 Y -0.126 0 0 0 -12.739 -135.935 9.291
Max Sxy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.007
36134 Y -0.126 0 0 0 -12.739 -135.935 9.291
Min Sxy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.007
36134 Y -0.126 0 0 0 -12.739 -135.935 9.291
Max Mx 19871 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.013 0.012 0 0 0 235.597 849.835 11.159
Min Mx 143 0.011
4146DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY+HDYNAMICZ 0.131 0 0 0 -89.943 -285.728 -137.202
Max My 20075 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.013 -0.009 0 0 0 231.495 869.929 12.279
Min My 4162 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.011 0.131 0 0 0 -56.715 -502.795 -38.975
Max Mxy 20875 132 DEAD+BRDL+EQX+EQY 0.013 -0.106 0 0 0 12.933 220.904 169.888
Min Mxy 0.013
144 DL+BRDL+0.8BRLL+0.8(EQX+EQY)+HDYNAMICX
4350 0.116 0 0 0 7.133 201.583 -173.313

Note: For Earthquake loading combination, Stresses in steel and concrete were increases by 33.333%.
1. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 11.330 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 366.575 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 2000 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

2. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.237
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.203
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.932
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 1.072

3. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -502.795 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -38.975 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 869.929 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 12.279 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 541.770 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 882.208 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -89.943 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -137.202 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 235.597 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 11.159 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 227.145 kN-m
Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 246.756 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

b Shear Streses :
I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.157 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.135 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.157 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.03 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.006 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.032 N/mm2

4. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 882.208 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q* b

= 882.208 x 10^6
1.072 x 1000.0

= 907.200 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 2000.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 1962.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 541.770 x 10.0 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 1962.50

= 807.722 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2000.00

100

= 2400.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 2400.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

2400.000

= 204.531 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM
Required Area of steel = 882.208 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 1962.50

= 1315.279 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 2000.00

100

= 2400.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 2400.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

2400.000

= 204.531 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 227.145 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 1962.50

= 338.649 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 490.874 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

490.874

= 409.600 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 246.756 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 1962.50

= 367.887 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 490.874 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

490.874

= 409.600 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.157 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 2454.37
1000.0 x 1962.50

= 0.125 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.032 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 1962.50

= 0.051 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 64000.000 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 1962.50 )

= -308875.0 N
= -308.875 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
= 366.575 x 226.19 x 1962.50
-308.875 x 10 ^3

= -526.832 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 500.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 245.987 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.190 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.180 0.000 0.15 0.19 0.150 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.190 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.166 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.235 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.220 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.260 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.248 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.260 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.248 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.350 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.344 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.295 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.286 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.360 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.354 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.032 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.013 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000: Table-23 of IS:456-2000:

pt τc pt τc
0.15 0.19 0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23 0.25 0.23
 Calculation of Crack Width for End bay Zone-5 Raft (Ref. IS: 456 (ANNEX F))

(Assuming pure bending)

DATA :-
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending comp. stress (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stressin steel (σst) = 275.0 N/mm2
Bending Moment (M) = 797.978 kN-m
Thickness / Depth (t / D) = 2000 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 1962.50 mm
Dia. of bar (db) = 25 mm
Clear Cover (Cmin.) = 25 mm
Effective Cover (dc) = 37.50 mm
Spacing of bars (s) = 200 mm
Provided Dia. and Spacing = 25 mm dia. @ 200 mm c/c
Provided Area of Reinforcement (Ast) = 2454.369 mm2
Provided % of Steel (pt) = 0.125 %
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) = 2.0E+05 N /mm2

Solution:

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 5000 x 25.0

= 25000.0 N /mm2

Modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3* σcbc)

= 10.98

Depth of N.A. (x) = k*d

Where
k = [(2 * ρ * m) + (ρ * m)2] - ρ * m
Where
ρ = pt / 100
= 0.00125
Substituting ,
k = 0.15

x
a'
N .A.
d D

dc

Cmin
db

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

 x = 299.40 mm
Icr = b * x / 3 + m * Ast * ( d - x )2
3

= 83486982008.30 mm4

Tensile stress in Steel (fst) = [M * (d - x) * m] / Icr < 275 N /mm2

= 174.545 N /mm 2
OK
Mean strain (Єm) = Є1 - Є 2
where
Є1 is strain at the location of interest
Є2 is corresponds to the reduction due to tension stiffening effect.
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel

fst * (D-x)
Є1 =
Es * (d-x)
D-x = 1700.599
d-x = 1663.099
174.545 x 1700.599
Є1 =
200000.00 x 1663.099

= 0.000892

b * ( D - x ) * ( a' - x )
Є2 =
3 * Es * Ast * ( d - x )
Where
'a' is distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated.
a' = D
D-x = 1700.599
a' - x = 1700.599

Є2 = 1000 x 1700.599 x 1700.599

3 x 200000.00 x 2454.369 x 1663.099

= 0.001181

Єm = Є1 - Є 2 = -0.0002884
Negative Value indicates that, the Section does not Crack.

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

Bridge End bay Pier Raft
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Design of End bay Zone-6 Raft (For Normal Load Case):

1. Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 36146106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.097 -0.048 0 0 0 -124.742 -8.942 -62.616
Min Qx 6516 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.2 -0.032 0.572 0.098 0.299 226.87 92.115 -73.411
Max Qy 4168 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.027 0.152 0 0 0 104.255 -210.379 94.226
Min Qy 36140106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.021 -0.147 0 0 0 103.43 -199.401 -104.732
Max Sx 4170 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.196 -0.076 0.844 0.141 1.711 194.713 -146.838 72.61
Min Sx 36148 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.025 0.014 0 0 0 -6.451 4.007 -23.023
Max Sy 4170 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.196 -0.076 0.844 0.141 1.711 194.713 -146.838 72.61
Min Sy 36148 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.025 0.014 0 0 0 -6.451 4.007 -23.023
Max Sxy 107 -0.158
4272CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT 0.074 0.601 0.101 1.758 164.653 -26.553 72.077
Min Sxy 21001 -0.15
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.078 0.573 0.096 -1.716 154.142 -29.834 -66.629
Max Mx 5492 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.007 -0.007 0 0 0 272.808 336.307 -10.267
Min Mx 36145106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT -0.165 -0.058 0.784 0.133 -1.468 -133.855 -33.65 -57.183
Max My 19975 0.008
107 CASE-1+GATES OPEN+WATER CURRENT -0.006 0 0 0 233.257 353.063 7.085
Min My 4168 101 CASE-1:DL+BRDL+BRLL 0.076 0.054 0 0 0 71.47 -222.57 79.924
Max Mxy 4168 106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.088 0.101 0 0 0 104.255 -210.379 94.226
Min Mxy 36140106 CASE-4:CASE-1+ALL GATE BDT 0.085 -0.105 0 0 0 103.43 -199.401 -104.732

2. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 275 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 1500 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

3. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 10.980
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.253
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.916
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 0.986

4. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -222.57 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = 79.924 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 353.063 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 7.085 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 302.494 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 360.148 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -133.855 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -57.183 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 272.808 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = -10.267 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 191.038 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 283.075 kN-m
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). Shear Stress :

I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.152 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.147 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.152 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.097 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.2 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.200 N/mm2

5. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 360.148 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q*b

= 360.148 x 10^6
0.986 x 1000.0

= 604.381 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 1500.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 1462.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 302.494 x 10.0 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 1462.50

= 821.510 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 1500.00

100

= 1800.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 1800.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. of bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

1800.000

= 272.708 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
b). For Positive BM

Required Area of steel = 360.148 x 10 ^6

275.00 x 0.916 1462.50

= 978.087 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 1500.00

100

= 1800.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 1800.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

1800.000

= 272.708 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 191.038 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 1462.50

= 518.819 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 518.819 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

518.819

= 387.538 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

b). For Positive BM :

Required Area of steel = 283.075 x 10 ^6
275.00 x 0.916 1462.50

= 768.772 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 768.772 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

768.772

= 261.536 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.152 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 2454.37
1000.0 x 1462.50

= 0.168 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.197 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.200 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 1462.50

= 0.069 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2 (As per IS:456, Table No.23)
Check: Provide shear reinforcement

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 300000.0 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 1462.50 )

= 22125.0 N
= 22.125 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs

= 275.000 x 226.19 x 1462.50

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal
22.125 x 10 ^3

= 4111.759 mm
or say 150 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 0.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 0.000 mm
or say 200 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bridge End bay Pier Raft_Normal

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.197 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.197 0.197 0.15 0.19 0.157 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.204 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.172 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.244 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.224 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.267 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.251 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.267 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.251 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.353 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.345 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.300 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.288 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.363 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.355 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.043 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.018 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000:
pt τc
0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23
0.000

2.00 0.51 255.000 0.000

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Design of End bay Zone-6 Raft (For EQ Load Case):

Staad Output summary:

Shear @ 'd' from

Membrane Bending Moment
face of support
Plate No. Load case
SQX SQY SX SY SXY Mx My Mxy
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 kN-m/m kN-m/m kN-m/m
Max Qx 36146 0.099
141 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY+HDYNAMICX -0.033 0 0 0 -128.947 -7.907 -67.056
Min Qx 4476 133 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY -0.201 0.043 0.545 0.093 1.611 214.472 110.716 83.458
Max Qy 4168 0.009
139 DL+BRDL+0.8BRLL-0.8(EQZ+EQY) 0.165 0 0 0 55.59 -306.098 56.986
Min Qy 36140 0.019
139 DL+BRDL+0.8BRLL-0.8(EQZ+EQY) -0.145 0 0 0 100.244 -143.533 -119.151
Max Sx 4170 133 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY -0.199 -0.073 0.87 0.145 1.65 202.615 -130.374 76.008
Min Sx 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.025
36148 Y 0.016 0 0 0 -6.67 5.681 -24.156
Max Sy 4170 133 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY -0.199 -0.073 0.87 0.145 1.65 202.615 -130.374 76.008
Min Sy 108 CASE-2+WINDX EMPTY+WIND0.025
36148 Y 0.016 0 0 0 -6.67 5.681 -24.156
Max Sxy 4170 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY -0.167 0.056 0.736 0.122 2.037 182.516 -67.661 70.918
Min Sxy 36142 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY -0.176 -0.069 0.764 0.127 -1.97 186.492 -106.804 -68.221
Max Mx 5493 133 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY -0.015 -0.007 0 0 0 270.045 315.736 -6.642
Min Mx 36145 -0.169
141 DEAD+BRDL-EQX-EQY+HDYNAMICX -0.057 0.799 0.135 -1.378 -138.333 -32.283 -62
Max My 20076 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.014 -0.009 0 0 0 241.486 391.594 5.448
Min My 4168 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.056 -0.075 0 0 0 49.32 -323.755 50.985
Max Mxy 4168 134 DEAD+BRDL+EQZ+EQY 0.043 0.118 0 0 0 100.542 -110.243 113.8
Min Mxy 36140 135 DEAD+BRDL-EQZ-EQY 0.043 -0.129 0 0 0 103.149 -128.327 -123.537

Note: For Earthquake loading combination, Stresses in steel and concrete were increases by 33.333%.
1. Design Data:
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending stress in concrete (σcbc) = 11.330 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) = 366.575 N/mm2
Thickness of Raft = 1500 mm
Clear cover = 25 mm

2. Calculation of Design Constants:

m = 280/(3*σcbc) = 8.237
k = 1/(1+(σst/(m*σcbc))) = 0.203
j = 1 - (k/3) = 0.932
Q = (σcbc /2)*j*k = 1.072

3. Design Shear & Moments from STAAD Analysis:

a). Bending Moments :
I. Short Span :
Max. Negative Moment (My) = -323.755 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = 50.985 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (My) = 391.594 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = 5.448 kN-m

Design Negative Moment (My) = My + Mxy = 374.740 kN-m

Design Positive Moment (My) = My + Mxy 397.042 kN-m

ii. Long Span :

Max. Negative Moment (Mx) = -138.333 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Negative Moment (Mxy) = -62.000 kN-m
Max. Positive Moment (Mx) = 270.045 kN-m
Torsion corresponding to Positive Moment (Mxy) = -6.642 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
Design Negative Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy = 200.333 kN-m
Design Positive Moment (Mx) = Mx + Mxy 276.687 kN-m
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

b Shear Streses :
I. Short Span :
Max. Shear stress (SQy) = 0.165 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQy) = -0.145 N/mm2
Design Shear stress (SQy) = 0.165 N/mm2

ii. Long Span :

Max. Shear stress (SQx) = 0.10 N/mm2
Min. Shear stress (SQx) = -0.201 N/mm2
Design Horizontal shear stress (SQx) = 0.201 N/mm2

4. Check for Effective Depth :

Maximum Bending Moment = 397.042 kN-m

Required Effective depth (d) = M

Q* b

= 397.042 x 10^6
1.072 x 1000.0

= 608.605 mm

Provided Effective depth (d) = 1500.0 - 25.00 - 12.50

= 1462.50 mm
Check: Provided depth is satisfactory

5. Calculation of Reinforcement :
i. Along Short Span :
a). For Negative BM :

Required Area of steel = 374.740 x 10.0 ^6

366.58 x 0.932 1462.50

= 749.705 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 1500.00

100

= 1800.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 1800.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

1800.000

= 272.708 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM
Required Area of steel = 397.042 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 1462.50

= 794.323 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 0.12 % of gross area

Astmin = 0.12 x 1000.0 x 1500.00

100

= 1800.000 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 1800.000 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 490.874 mm2

Spacing = 490.874 x 1000.0

1800.000

= 272.708 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provided Area of steel = 2454.369 mm2

Hence OK

ii. Along Long Span :

a). For Negative BM :
Required Area of steel = 200.333 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 1462.50

= 400.787 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Minimum Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 490.874 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

490.874

= 409.600 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
b). For Positive BM :
Required Area of steel = 276.687 x 10 ^6
366.58 x 0.932 1462.50

= 553.540 mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin):

Min. Area of Steel = 20 % of Main Reinft.

Astmin = 20 x 2454.369
100

= 490.874 mm2
Provide Design Reinforcement.
Designed Area of steel = 553.540 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars

Area of bar = 201.062 mm2

Spacing = 201.062 x 1000.0

553.540

= 363.229 mm
or say 200 mm

Provided Area of steel = 1005.310 mm2

Hence OK

6. Check for Shear :

i. Along Short Span
Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.165 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 2454.37
1000.0 x 1462.50

= 0.168 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.197 N/mm2

= 0.263 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

ii. Along Long Span

Actual shear stress (τv) = 0.201 N/mm2

% of Steel (pt) = 100 * Ast

b *d

= 100.0 x 1005.31
1000.0 x 1462.50

= 0.069 %

Permissible Shear stress (τc) = 0.190 N/mm2

= 0.253 N/mm2
Check: Safe in Shear

Design shear = V - τc * b *d = 301500.000 - ( 0.190 x 1000.00 x 1462.50 )

= 23625.0 N
= 23.625 kN

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups

Area of Stirrup = 226.195 mm2

Spacing of stirrups (Sv) = σsv* Asv * d

Vs
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ
= 366.575 x 226.19 x 1462.50
23.625 x 10 ^3

= 5132.976 mm
or say 150.0 mm

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 12 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 226.19 mm2

Spacing (Sv) = 0.87 x 500.00 x 226.19

0.400 x 1000.00

= 245.987 mm
or say 200.0 mm

Provide 12.0 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 150.0 mm c/c

 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

As per IS:456-2000
Garde σcbc σcc σcbt σct
M25 8.5 6.0 1.8 1.3
M30 10.0 8.0 2.0 1.5
M50 16.0 12.0 2.8 2.1
 Bidge End bay Pier Raft_EQ

Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final Permissible Shear stress (τc) for M25 Final
pt τc pt τc
0.197 0.190
0.15 0.19 0.197 0.197 0.15 0.19 0.157 0.000
0.25 0.23 0.204 0.000 0.25 0.23 0.172 0.000
0.50 0.31 0.244 0.000 0.50 0.31 0.224 0.000
0.75 0.36 0.267 0.000 0.75 0.36 0.251 0.000
1.00 0.40 0.267 0.000 1.00 0.40 0.251 0.000
1.25 0.44 0.353 0.000 1.25 0.44 0.345 0.000
1.50 0.46 0.300 0.000 1.50 0.46 0.288 0.000
1.75 0.49 0.363 0.000 1.75 0.49 0.355 0.000
2.00 0.51 0.043 0.000 2.00 0.51 0.018 0.000

Table-23 of IS:456-2000: Table-23 of IS:456-2000:

pt τc pt τc
0.15 0.19 0.15 0.19
0.25 0.23 0.25 0.23
 Calculation of Crack Width for End bay Zone-6 Raft (Ref. IS: 456 (ANNEX F))

(Assuming pure bending)

DATA :-
Grade of Concrete = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Permissible bending comp. stress (σcbc) = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stressin steel (σst) = 275.0 N/mm2
Bending Moment (M) = 360.148 kN-m
Thickness / Depth (t / D) = 1500 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 1462.50 mm
Dia. of bar (db) = 25 mm
Clear Cover (Cmin.) = 25 mm
Effective Cover (dc) = 37.50 mm
Spacing of bars (s) = 200 mm
Provided Dia. and Spacing = 25 mm dia. @ 200 mm c/c
Provided Area of Reinforcement (Ast) = 2454.369 mm2
Provided % of Steel (pt) = 0.168 %
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel (Es) = 2.0E+05 N /mm2

Solution:

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ec) = 5000 x 25.0

= 25000.0 N /mm2

Modular ratio (m) = 280/ (3* σcbc)

= 10.98

Depth of N.A. (x) = k*d

Where
k = [(2 * ρ * m) + (ρ * m)2] - ρ * m
Where
ρ = pt / 100
= 0.00168
Substituting ,
k = 0.17

x
a'
N .A.
d D

dc

Cmin
db

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

 x = 255.10 mm
Icr = b * x / 3 + m * Ast * ( d - x )2
3

= 44821645953.41 mm4

Tensile stress in Steel (fst) = [M * (d - x) * m] / Icr < 275 N /mm2

= 106.527 N /mm 2
OK
Mean strain (Єm) = Є1 - Є 2
where
Є1 is strain at the location of interest
Є2 is corresponds to the reduction due to tension stiffening effect.
Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel

fst * (D-x)
Є1 =
Es * (d-x)
D-x = 1244.895
d-x = 1207.395
106.527 x 1244.895
Є1 =
200000.00 x 1207.395

= 0.000549

b * ( D - x ) * ( a' - x )
Є2 =
3 * Es * Ast * ( d - x )
Where
'a' is distance from the compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated.
a' = D
D-x = 1244.895
a' - x = 1244.895

Є2 = 1000 x 1244.895 x 1244.895

3 x 200000.00 x 2454.369 x 1207.395

= 0.000872

Єm = Є1 - Є 2 = -0.0003224
Negative Value indicates that, the Section does not Crack.

Bridge End bay Pier Raft

Bridge End bay Pier Raft