di6fsf] kl/ro

hg>'lt cg';f/, di6fsf !@ efO / !^ j}gL ejfgL lyP . k}nf pgLx¿;Fu}

lyP . aemfª lhNnfsf] afGgL / 9F8f/ di6f b]jtfsf d'n s]Gb| x'g\ .
sfnfGt/df tL :yfgaf6 ljljw sf/0fj;\ di6f efOx¿ cf–cfˆgf hgtf af]s]/
k"j{, klZrd, pQ/, blIf0flt/ a;fOF ;b{} uP . sfnfl;Nnf di6f, di6f
j08fnL, Ho"n]vL di6f, l;Fhfklt di6f, b'w] di6f, bfx|] di6f,
yfk'{ di6f O{Toflbsf wfdL, k'hf/L jf hgtf;Fu s'/fsfgL ubf{ di6fsf]
d'ns]Gb| aemfª g} /x]sf] b]lvg cfof] .
!^ j}gL ejfgLn] klg di6f;Fu vrkr ePkl5 cGtcGt} a;fOF ;f/] . oL
dWo] ;'df{b]jL aemfª s} ;'df{ ;/f]j/df uP/ a;Lg\ . al8dflnsf rflxF
afh'/fsf] Pp6f cUnf] kxf8sf] r'r'/f]df a;Lg\ . em08} # xhf/ lkm6
cUnf] kxf8L r'r'/f]df pgsf] df0f' 5 .
di6fsf df0f'df tLgj6f b]jtf x'g] ub{5g\ . di6f, :yfgLo s'g} csf{]
clwsf/ k|fKt b]jtf / ejfgL . di6fsf hgtfn] qmdz} jf kj{ cg';f/ oL tLg
b]jtfnfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df k"hf ug{] ub{5g\ . s'g} klg df0f'df
di6f PSn} a:b}g . leq tLg b]jtf x'G5g\ eg] aflx/ p;sf] kmf}Fh a:g]
ub{5 .
di6f lg/fsf/ b]ptf x'g\ tyflk pgL lznf ¿kdf 5g\ . di6fsf ;a} df0f'leq
lznf /flvPsf] x'G5 . oL lznfx¿ sf]xL rflxF xfdLn] b]Vg] u/]sf
lzjlnª\uem}F nfDrf] cfsf/sf x'G5g\ eg] sf]xL rflxF zflnu|fd e}Fm
r]K6f] k/]sf jf c08f cfsf/sf x'G5g\ . lznf;Fu} lqz'n / ?b|fIfsf] dfnf
klg /flvPsf] x'G5 .
di6fsf d"lt{ eg] klg ¿k eg] klg log} lznf x'g\ . oL afx]s pgsf cGo
d"lt{ 5}gg\ . x'Fb}gg\ klg . cfh;Dd klg di6fsf xftd'v, gfsk]6,
v'§fjfnf d'lt{ 5}gg\ .
lhNnf / :yfg cg';f/ di6fsf ljljw gfdx¿ 5g\ . h:t}M aemfªsf]
afGgLdf a;]sf di6fnfO{ afGgL di6f elgof] . 9F8f/ ofgL Ejfª k/]sf]
7fpFdf a;]sf di6fnfO{ 9F8f/ di6f elgof] . s}nfz vf]nfdf a;]sf
di6fnfO{ s}nfz] di6f elgof] . hnf;odf a;]sf di6fnfO{ Gofpnf di6f
elgof] . Ho'n -v]t_ df a;]sf di6fnfO{ Ho'n]vL di6f elgof] .
h'Dnfsf] l;Fhfaf6 cfPsf] di6fnfO{ l;~hfklt di6f elgof] O{Toflb .
di6fn] hxfFg]/ a:g] O{R5f u/] jf pgn] hxfFg]/ :yflkt x'g rfx],
ToxLg]/ pgsf] dlGb/ jf yfg lgdf{0f u/]/ k'hfcfhf rnfpg]
ul/of] . /, ;f]xL :yfgsf] gfdn] tL di6fnfO{ lrGg yflnof] . h:t}M !@
efO a08fnLnfO{ klg di6f g} elgG5 . oL !@ efO a08fnLx¿ sf]xL
ltv'{nfsf] ¿vsf] h/fdf uP/ a;] t lognfO{ ltv'{nf sf6\g] a08fnL eg]/
lrlgof] . sf]xL afFemsf] h/fdf a;] t pgnfO{ afFemh/f a08fnL
elgof] . d]nsf] h/fdf a;]sf a08fnLnfO{ d]nh0ff a08fnL elgof]
cflb .
ljljw gfd eP klg di6fsf d'Vo b'O{ ?k dflgG5g\–b'w] di6f / bfx|]
di6f . b'w] di6fn] anL lnFb}gg\ . b'w, kmnk"mn cflbsf] ;flTjs
ef]u dfq} lnG5g\ . bfx|] di6fn] rflxF af]sfsf] anL lnG5g\ .
ejfgLnfO{ rfxLF af]sf;Fu} /fFufsf] anL r9\5 . di6fn] rflxF
af]sfsf] dfq} anL lnG5g\ .

df0f'
b]jLb]jtf a;]sf] 3/nfO{ :yfgLo efiffdf df0f' elgG5 . ¿v jf ‰ofª
dfq} 5 eg] To;nfO{ yfg elgG5 . df0f' dfg] g]kfnL efiffdf dlGb/ .
sfnL–;]tL–s0ff{nLlt/sf df0f'x¿df s]xL b[Zo ;dfg b]lvG5g\ .
h:t}M x/]s b]jLb]ptfsf] df0f'df ;fgf 7"nf lqz'nx¿ /flvPsf x'G5g\ .
7"nf / ;fgf 306x¿ x'G5g\ . ;fgf 306x¿sf u'R5f df0f' j/k/ e'ml08Psf
b]lvG5g\ . /ftf;]tf Wjhfx¿ x'G5g\ . ¿b|fIfsf dfnfx¿ r9fOPsf x'G5g\
.
oL ;a} ;fdu|Lx¿ bz{gfyL{n] ljleGg cj;/df >Wbfk"j{s r9fPsf
x'G5g\ . s'g} s'g} df0f'sf t uh'/d} Wjhf / lqz'n /flvPsf b]lvG5g\ .
df0f'sf leQfdf /ftf] / ;]tf] /+u dfq} kf]ltPsf] x'G5 .
di6fsf k|frLg df0f'x¿sf] ;+/rgf k/Dk/fut 3/ s} z}nL / cfsf/sf 5g\–
kTy/n] 5fPsf 5fgfx¿Ù leqkl§ d'l:snn] %÷!) hgf c6fpg] . s'g} s'g}
df0f' t cTolws ;fgf x'G5g\, hxfFleq Ps hgf klg d'l:snn] c6fpg]
ub{5 .
s'g} s'g} df0f' v]tx¿sf] aLrf]lar :yflkt 5g\ eg] s'g} s'g} df0f' rflxF
r§fg jf 9'ª\ufdfly 5g\ . s'g} s'g} df0f' ¿vsf] km]bdf 5g\ eg] s'g}
s'g} df0f' hnf;osf] lsgf/df 5g\, s'g} s'g} rflxF ;Nnfsf] h+unleq
5g\ .
di6fnfO{ eJo 3/ dg kb{}g . k/Dk/fut 3/df g} a:g dg k/fpF5 .
9F8f/ di6fsf] 5fgf] v/sf] lyof] t/ 5fgf] 5fpg] lhDdf lnPsf]
hflt ;d'bfon] jif{}lkR5] 3/sf] 5fgf] km]g{] emGem6af6 d'St x'g
h:tfsf] 5fgf /flvlbP . of] s'/f di6fnfO{ dg k/]g\ . lgs} jif{b]lv
9F8f/sf] wfdLdf di6f r9]sf] 5}g . o;sf/0f, :yfgLon] w]/} k6s
Ifdfk"hf u/]/ di6fnfO{ af]nfpg vf]h] . di6fn] ;Gb]z k7fP, …
dnfO{ g;f]wL lsg ltdLx¿n] d]/f] 3/nfO{ h:tfn] 5fof} < of]
dnfO{ dg k/]sf] 5}g . dnfO{ v/s} 5fgf] l7s lyof] .Ú
afGgL di6fsf] klg df0f' kSsL agfPsf] ljifodf di6f l/;fPsf] 5
eGg] :yfgLo dfGotf 5 . ToxfF klg di6fnfO{ af]nfpg cg]s Ifdfk"hf
/ ?b|L xf]dflb sfo{ ul/Psf 5g\ . di6fn] s]xL ;dokl5 cfpg] ;'rgf
k7fPsf] hfgsf/x¿n] atfP .
di6fsf df0f'leq Pp6f uEo"/-ue{u[x_ x'G5 . uEo"/df di6f lj/fhdfg
x'G5g\ . uEo"/ aflx/ wfdLsf] kf7ynf] x'G5 . kf7ynf] s} 5]p5fp
kf/]/ af]sf aln lbg] 7fpF x'G5 . leq 7fpF kof{Kt 5 eg] hUu] klg
leq} agfOPsf] x'G5 . leq kof{Kt 7fpF 5}g eg] aflx/ cfFugdf hUu]
agfOPsf] x'G5 .
s'g} s'g} df0f'leq b'O{6f di6f x'G5g\ . b'O{6f di6f ePsf] df0f'df
wfdLsf klg b'O{ kf7ynf x'G5g\ . h:t}M c5fd lhNnfsf]
d+un;]gdf /x]sf] l;Fhfklt di6fsf] df0f'df tLgj6f kf7ynf 5g\ . Pp6f
bfx|] di6fsf nflu, Pp6f l;Fhfklt di6fsf nflu clg Pp6f rflxF df0f'sf]
9f]sfaflx/ Gofpnf di6fsf nflu .

di6fsf kj{x¿
di6fsf vf; vf; kj{x¿ k'Go' -k"l0f{df_ sf] lbg kg{] ub{5g\ . s'g}
s'g} di6fsf jif{df tLgj6f kj{ x'G5g\ . s'g} s'g} di6fsf rf/j6f t s'g}
s'g} di6fsf ^ j6f . vf; u/]/ j}zfv, ;fpg, sflt{s / df3sf] k"l0f{df ltlydf
di6fsf df0f'df d]nf nfUg] ub{5g\ . ef]u / anLx¿ r9\g] ub{5g\ eg]
wfdLn] di6fsf uxgfx¿ af]s]/ gfrv]nf] ug{] ub{5g\ .
o; ;dodf 6f9f 6f9fb]lv di6fsf hgtf d]nf eg{ cfpF5g\ . cf–cfˆgf]
cf:yf / uR5] cg';f/sf bfge]6Lx¿ r9fpg] ub{5g\ . efsn k"/f
ePsfx¿ efsn lbg cfpF5g\ . ;d:ofdf k/]sfx¿ efsn
ug{ cfpF5g\ . ;of}Fsf] ;+Vofdf af]sfx¿sf] anL r9\5 .
s'g} s'g} di6fnfO{ 3f]8f klg r9fO{G5 . afh'/fsf] Ho'n]vL di6f /
c5fdsf] sfnfl;Nnf di6fn] 3f]8f efsn lng] ub{5 . efsn ul/Psf]
3f]8fsf] anL rflxF x'Fb}g . wfdLn] To;nfO{ cfˆgf] k|of]udf
Nofpg] ub{5g\ . 3f]8fsf] ;+Vof w]/} k'u]sf] v08df a]Rg] klg
ub{5g\ . oL 3f]8f a]r]/ kfPsf] k};faf6 di6fnfO{ ;'gsf]
d"lt{ r9fOG5 .
g]kfnleq di6fsf] d'n ynf] sfnL, ;]tL / s0ff{nL xf] eg] ef/tleq rflxF
pQ/fv08 . di6f ;+:s[ltsf] pb\ud egf}F jf d'n ynf] egf}F, g]kfnsf]
s0ff{nLb]lv ef/tsf] pQ/fv08;Ddsf] e'efu g} xf] .
ablnFbf] ;dfh, lrGtg / ef}lts kl/j]zdf h]gt]g k|sf/]0f o; If]qdf di6f ;
+:s[lt / k/Dk/f clxn] klg hLjGt g} 5 . a]nf a]nfdf ePsf]
a;fOF;/fOFsf] sf/0f di6fsf hgtf w]/} 7fpFdf ltt/lat/ eO{;s]sf 5g\
eg] sltkon] rflxF cfk"m hxfF a;]sf] 5, ToxLF cfˆgf] s'nb]jtf
d:6fnfO{ :yflkt u/]sf] 5 .
d'n:yfgdf wfld{s cEof;, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] h'g :j¿k x'G5,
a;fOF;/fOF u/]/ hfFbf To;df km/s cfpFb} hfFbf] /x]5 .
h;n] ubf{, Psflt/ d'n dfGotfsf] ljkl/t uP/ dgu9Gt syf sxfgL / ljljw
k|sf/sf :jfy{x¿ wfld{s cf:yf, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fdfly xfjL x'g
yfNbf/x]5g\ eg] csf{]lt/, >'ltdf dfq} afFr]sf] ;+:s[lt jf k/Dk/f
k':tfGt/0f x'Fb} hfFbf lvO{Fb} hfFbf] /x]5, k'hfcfhf, j|tpkf;gf,
rf8kj{ O{Toflb ljifosf hfgsf/Lx¿ x/fpFb} hfFbf /x]5g\ .
To;}n], s'g} klg df}lns ;+:s[lt jf k/Dk/fnfO{ gofF k':tf;Dd klg
hLjGt /fVg'sf nflu, xfn cfP/, lnlkaWb ug'{ cTofjZos eO{;s]sf] 5 .
/, ;Fu} To;k|lt gofF k':tfsf] cfsif{0f a9fP/ hg>'ltx¿, d'NodfGotfx¿,
k/Dk/fx¿ x:tfGt/0f ug'{klg TolQ g} h¿/L x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 .
t;y{, o; k':tsn] yf]/ ax't eP klg di6f ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/faf/] ;TotYo
hfgsf/L ;dfh ;dIf k]z ug{] 5 / ljljw :jfy{n] k|]l/t eP/ :jfyL{ ;d"xaf6
;dfhdf km}nfO{Psf e|dx¿ lr/kmf/ ug{ ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Ng]5
eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

di6fnfO{ ;a}n] 5'g kfpFb}gg\

dlGb/sf] leqkl§ uEo'/ -ue{u[x_ x'G5 . ToxL ue{u[xleq tf]lsPsf]
7fpFdf di6f b]jtf :yflkt x'G5g\ . uEo'/ Psbd} kljq 7fpF xf] .
oxfFleq hfg] cg'dlt ;a}nfO{ x'Fb}g .
k'hfcfhf jf kj{sf] ;dodf afx]s cGo ;dodf uEo'/sf] 9f]sf aGb x'G5 .
9f]sf 5}g eg] kbf{ nufO{G5 . k'hfcfhf jf kj{sf] ;dodf dfq}
uEo'/sf] 9f]sf vf]lnG5 .
rfaL /fVg], uEo'/sf] x]/rfx / ;/;kmfO{ ug{] lhDdf e08f/Lsf] x'G5 .
k'hfkf7 nufotsf wfld{s sd{ ug{] lhDdf k'hf/Lsf] x'G5 .
dlGb/sf k'hf/LnfO{ dfq} uEo'/leq hfg] clwsf/ x'G5 eg]
k'hfcfhf ;'¿ x'g'cl3 / ;lsPkl5 ;/;kmfO{sf nflu e08f/LnfO{ uEo"/leq
hfg] clwsf/ x'G5 .
cGon] rflxF aflx/} a;]/ k'hfcfhfdf ;xefuLtf hgfpg] ub{5g\ .
di6f ;jf/ ePsf] a]nfdf rflxF wfdL klg uEo'/df hfg] ub{5g\ cGoyf
uEo'/df k:g] cg'dlt wfdLnfO{ klg 5}g .

di6fsf d'Vo ;]js

di6fsf sfd ug{ Ps hgf k'hf/L, Ps hgf wfdL, Ps hgf k"mnkft], Ps
hgf gfO 7fs'/, Ps hgf e08f/L, Ps hgf bdfxf ahfpg] clgjfo{ 5g\ .
k'hf/Lsf] sfd kj{sf ;dodf df0f'df cfpg] / k'hfcfhf ug{]÷u/fpg] x'G5
. s;}n] hUu] nfpg] rfx]sf] x'G5 jf s;}n] nfv aQL afNg rfx]sf]
x'G5Ù ;f] cj;/df k'hf/Ln] tL sfo{ ;DkGg u/fpg'kg{] x'G5 .
To;}u/L, d'Vo d'Vo kj{df di6fsf] k'hf klg k'hf/Laf6 g} x'G5 . s'g}
s'g} df0f'df rflxF di6fnfO{ r9fOPsf af]sfnfO{ klxnf] df/ xfg{]
bfloTj klg k'hf/Lsf] x'G5 .
k"mnkft]sf] sfd rflxF cGo ;dodf df0f'df lgTo k'hf nfpg]Ù
dlGb/sf] ;/;kmfO ug{] /x]sf] x'G5 . e08f/Lsf] sfd rflxF
di6fnfO{ r9fPsf] b'waf6 vL/ agfpg' xf] . of] vL/
eSthgx¿nfO{ k|;fbsf] ¿kdf ljt/0f ul/G5 .
wfdLsf] sfd rflxF kj{sf] a]nf df0f'df /x]sf] kf7ynf]df a;]/
eSthgx¿nfO{ l6sf nfO{lbg], di6f ;jf/ u/fP/ sfDg], aln r9]sf]
af]sfsf] /ut lkpg], s;}nfO{ s'g} ;d:of 5 eg] To;sf] ;dfwfg di6faf6
u/fO{lbg] /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}u/L, wfdLnfO{ sfFw xfNg] klg Ps
hgf x'G5 . wfdLn] gfrv]nf] ul//x]sf] a]nf p;n] wfdLnfO{ cfˆgf]
sfFwdf af]Sg] ub{5 .
gfO 7fs'/ rflxF To;a]nfsf] /fhvfGbfgsf] ;b:o x'g] ub{5 .
tTsfnLg ;dodf e'/] 6fs'/] /fhfx¿ lyP . ltg} e'/] 6fs'/]
/fhfnfO{ di6fn] cfˆgf] gfO 7fs'/ /fv] . /, cfh ko{Gt ltg}
/fhfsf ;Gtfgx¿ di6fsf gfO 7fs'/ 5g\ .
logLx¿nfO{ l6s] klg elgG5 . lsgeg] df0f'sf] klxnf] l6sfdf
logLx¿sf] clwsf/ /xG5 . logLx¿nfO{ l6sf gnfO{ di6fsf hgtfn]
l6sf nfpg ldNb}g . df0f'df gofF lgo'St ePsf] wfdLnfO{ ku8L
afFWg] clwsf/ klg logLx¿nfO{ dfq} 5 . wfdLsf] kf7ynf]sf] l7s
ljkl/t lbzfdf sfhLsf] nflu a:g] :yfg x'G5, df0f'leq .
o;}u/L, di6fsf nflu bdfxf ahfpg]x¿ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] sfd kj{sf
a]nf df0f'df pkl:yt x'g] / k'hfsf] a]nfdf bdfxf ahfpg] /x]sf] x'G5 .
wfdLsf] kf7ynf] agfpg cfjZos ;fdu|L h'6fpg] / agfpg] sfd klg Ps
hgfnfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] x'G5 . s;}nfO{ bfp/f Joj:yfkg, di6fsf n'uf,
sfDnf, sk8fsf] lhDdf lbOPsf] x'G5 .
o;/L df0f'sf ljleGg sfd ljleGg hflt ;d'bfonfO{ lhDdf nufOPsf]
x'G5 .
alndfly clwsf/
df0f'df aln r9]sf] af]sfsf] 6fpsf]df wfdLsf] clwsf/ x'G5 . st} st}
rflxF k'hf/Lsf] clwsf/ x'G5 . hxfF af]sfsf] 6fpsf]df wfdLsf] clwsf/
5, ToxfF af]sfsf] lkmnf]df k'hf/Lsf] clwsf/ x'G5 . hxfF af]sfsf]
6fpsf]df k'hf/Lsf] clwsf/ 5, ToxfF af]sfsf] lkmnf]df wfdLsf]
clwsf/ x'G5 .
To;}u/L, af]sfsf] e'F8Ldfly bdfxf ahfpg]sf] clwsf/ x'G5 . af]sfsf]
3fF6L k'mnkft]n] n}hfG5 . h;n] af]sf efsn u/]sf] lyof], p;n] rflxF
af]sfsf] larsf] z/L/ lnP/ hfG5 . sf6s'6 kf/]/ cfkmGt jf ufpFn]sf
dfem k|;fbsf] ¿kdf ljt/0f ug{] ub{5 .

dxfb]jsf] c+z x'g\ di6f / ejfgL

;To o'udf, k|hfklt bIfn] Pp6f ljzfn o1 cfof]hg u/] . To; o1df
pgn] ;a}nfO{ af]nfP t/ cfˆg} 5f]/L ;tLb]jL / HjfOF
dxfb]jnfO{ af]nfPgg\ . cl3 a|XdfhLn] klg o:t} o1 cfof]hg u/]sf
lyP . To; o1df l9nf u/L pkl:yt x'g k'u]sf bIfnfO{ ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf]
cfzgaf6 p7]/ gd:t] u/]sf lyP . t/, dxfb]j g cfzgaf6 p7\g' eof] g t
gd:t] g} ug'{eof] . To; ckdfgsf] abnf :j?k o; o1df bIfn]
dxfb]jnfO{ lgDtf] lbPgg\ .
lktfn] o1 cfof]hg u/]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 ;tLb]jL hfg'eof] . o1df
dxfb]jnfO{ gaf]nfpg'sf] sf/0f ;f]Wg'eof] . bIfn] 7f8f] hjfkm
lbPkl5, pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ ufnL ub{}
pxfFn] o1sf] clUgdf xfd kmfn]/ cfTdbfx ug'{eof] .
;tLb]jLn] bIfsf] o1df cfTdbfx u/]kl5, qmf]lwt dxfb]jn] bIf;Fu
abnf lng cfˆgf] Pp6f h6fnfO{ r'F8]/ lznfdf k5fg'{ eof] . To;
h6faf6 jL/eb| / dxfsfnL pTkGg eP .
To;kl5, dxfb]jn] ltgLx¿nfO{ bIfsf] o1 e+u ug{ cfb]z lbg'eof] .
dxfb]jsf] cfb]z kfPkl5, ljleGg k|sf/sf 8/nfUbf ;]gfx¿sf] x'n af]s]/
jL/eb| / dxfsfnL bIfsf] o1 e+u ug{ uP . ToxfF pgLx¿sf]
b]jtfx¿;Fu eoª\s/ o'Wb k¥of] . To; o'Wbdf /utsf] xf]nL v]lnPsf]
lyof] .
jL/eb|n] bIfsf] 6fpsf] sf6]/ o1sf] clUgdf cfx'tL lbP . To;/L bIfsf]
o1 e+u eof] . kl5 ;a} b]jtfx¿n] dxfb]j sxfF uP/ o1nfO{ cw'/} 5f8\
g' /fd|f] xf]O{g eGb} o1 ;DkGg ug{sf nflu bIfnfO{ hLljt ul/lbg
cfu|x u/] . b]jtfx¿sf] cfu|x cg';f/, dxfb]jn] jL/eb|nfO{ alnof]Uo
kz'sf] 6fpsf] lnP/ cfp eGg'eof] .
jL/eb| alnof]Uo kz'sf] 6fpsf] vf]Hg lxF8] / af]sfsf] 6fpsf] af]s]/
kms{] . dxfb]jn] ToxL hf]8]/ bIfnfO{ k'gM hLljt ul/lbg'eof] .
o; syfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ jL/eb| g} di6f / dxfsfnL g} ejfgL x'g\ ls
eGg] dx;'; u/fpFb5 lsgeg],
!_ ejfgL t b'uf{ jf dxfsfnL s} bf];|f] gfd xf] . lognfO{ g} afh'/flt/
dflnsf, 88]Nw'/flt/ pu|tf/f, a}t8Llt/ d]nf}nL eujtL, /0fz}gL, lgª\
nfz}gL O{Toflb elgPsf] 5 . sfnL–;]tL–s0ff{nLlt/ ejfgLsf hlt ¿k
5g\Ù tL ;a} n8fs' k|j[lQsf 5g\ . logsf ;a} df0f'df af]sf / /fFufsf]
aln r9\g] ub{5 .
@_ di6fsf] klg Pp6f /f}b| ¿k 5–bfx|] di6f . bfx|] di6fnfO{ af]sfsf]
anL r9\5 t/ /fFufsf] anL r9\b}g . st} st}sf di6fn] bfFtn] g} 6f]s]/
af]sfsf] aln lng] ub{5g\ eg] st} st} rflxF k'hf/Ln] af]sf anL u/]/
di6fnfO{ /ut ef]u nfO{lbg] ub{5g\ .
#_ di6fn] af]sfsf] dfq} anL lng] k/Dk/fnfO{ jL/eb|n] af]sfsf]
6fpsf] af]s]sf] k|;+u;Fu hf]8]/ x]g{ ;lsG5 . sltko df0f'df af]sfsf]
6fpsfdfly wfdLsf] clwsf/ x'g] ub{5 . wfdL di6fsf ;jf/L x'g\ . t;y{,
jL/eb|n] af]sfsf] 6fpsf] af]s]sf] k|;+u;Fu of] k|;+u ldnfg ubf{, cfh
ko{Gt wfdLdf ;jf/ eP/ cfpg] jL/eb|?kL di6fn] af]sfsf] 6fpsf]df
cfˆgf] clwsf/ 5f8]sf 5}gg\ eGg] b]lvG5 .
$_ jL/eb| / dxfsfnL Ps ;fy dxfb]jsf] h6faf6 pTkGg ePsf sf/0f
bfh'a}gL x'g] g} eP . ToxL jL/eb| / ToxL dxfsfnLnfO{ :yfgLon]
di6f / ejfgL dfg]kl5 di6f / ejfgL klg :jtM bfh'a}gL kg{] g} eP .
%_ d:ts ofgL bIfsf] 6fpsf] sf6]sf] / bIfnfO{ k'gM hLljt kfg{ klg
6fpsf] g} af]s]/ cfPsf] sf/0f jL/eb|nfO{ di6f eGg yflnPsf] x'g;S5 .
^_ af]sf aln r9fpg' cl3 o1-hUu]_ nfpg] k/Dk/f clxn] klg oyfjt\ g}
5 . ;Too'udf bIfn] cf/De u/]sf] o1, af]sfsf] 6fpsf]
hf]l8Pkl5 ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
&|_ hUu] nfPsf] a]nf k9\g] dGqx¿ ¿b|Laf6 lnOPsf x'g\ . ?b|L
dxfb]jsf nflu kf7 ul/G5 .
*_ di6fsf df0f'df /flvg] lqz'n, ?b|fIfsf] dfnf, aflng] w'gL
O{Toflbn] klg di6f dxfb]j s} c+z x'g\ eGg]df s'g} z+sf /xFb}g .
h;/L j}i0fjsf nflu t'n;Lsf] dfnf clgjfo{ 5, h;/L af}Wbsf nflu
a'Wblrq dfnf clgjfo{ 5, To;/L g} di6fsf nflu ?b|fIfsf] dfnf / ?b|
Lkf7 clgjfo{ 5 .

Pp6f csf{] dt klg 5–

di6f ;+:s[ltsf ljb\ pdfsfGt hf]zLsf cg';f/, di6fnfO{ O{Gb| cg'h
ofgLsL pk]Gb| cyf{t\ lji0f' elgPsf] xf] t/ sfnfGt/df zAb cke|+z
eP/ O{Gb|hf x'g uof] . h;n] ubf{ cfd dflg;x¿n] O{Gb|sf efO
lji0f' :j¿k di6fnfO{ O{Gb|sf 5f]/f hoGt :j¿k 7fGg yfn] .
>Ldb\ efujtsf] 5}F7f}F :sG5sf] 5}7f}F cWofosf] * cf}F Znf]sdf
hoGtnfO{ O{Gb| cg'h elgPsf] 5 .
lji0f' g} di6f x'g\ eGb} hf]zL b'O{j6f ts{ lbg'x'G5–klxnf], h;/L
lji0f'sf dT:o, s'd{, jfdg, k/z'/fd, >L/fd O{Toflb ljleGg cjtf/ 5g\
To;}u/L di6fsf klg 9F8f/, afGgL, kfgL O{Toflb cg]s ¿k 5g\ .
bf];|f], pxfFsf] ts{ 5–aemfªdf /x]sf] 9F8f/ di6f eujfg lji0f'sf] jfdg
¿k x'g\ .
9F8f/sf] cy{ 9\jfª jf b'a}lt/ Kjfn k/]sf] eGg] cy{ nfU5 . hf]zL
eGg'x'G5, eujfgn] jfdg cjtf/ lnP/ h'g :yfgdf anL /fhfnfO{ kftfn
w;fpg' ePsf] lyof], To;} :yfgnfO{ :yfgLon] 9F8f/ di6f eGb} k'Hg
yfn] .
di6f ;+:s[ltsf ljb\ k|]d s}bLsf cg';f/, eujfg lzjn] s0ff{nL If]qdf
O{Gb|nfO{ /fHo ug{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ kl5 uP/ O{Gb|n] cfˆgf]
5f]/f hoGtnfO{ ToxfFsf] /fhf agfpg' eof] .
t/, hf]zL / s}bLsf] dt :yfgLo dfGotfx¿;Fu d]n vfFb}g . di6fsf
hgtfn] di6fnfO{ eujfg lzj;Fu hf]8]/ x]b{5g\ .
h:tf]M afGgL di6f dfGg] aemfªLx¿ di6fnfO{ dxflnª\usf ;Gtfg
dfGb5g\ eg] s}nfz] di6f dfGg] c5fdLx¿ di6fnfO{ s}nfzklt lzjsf]
c+z 7fGb5g\ . To;}u/L, dfxfj} huGgfy dfGg] b}n]vLx¿ rflxF
di6fnfO{ dxfj} ofgL dxfb]jsf] ef~hf 7fGb5g\ .
dxflnª\u / dxfj} lnªu:j¿kdf 5g\ eg] s}nfz] di6f rflxF lznfsf] ?
kdf :yflkt 5g\ . s}nfz] di6fsf] dlGb/ c5fd lhNnfsf] s}nfz vf]nf
lsgf/df 5 . s}nfz] di6f nfnaxfb'/ g]kfnLsf s'nb]jtf x'g\ .
g]kfnLn] cfˆgf s'n b]jtfsf] syf ;'gfP, …s}nfz] di6f s}nfz lgjf;L
eujfg lzjsf c+z x'g\ .Ú lzjf+z s}nf;] di6f ef]6sf] af6f] x'Fb} e|
d0fdf lg:s] . pgL lxdlznfx¿ l5rf]Nb} afh'/fsf] al8dflnsf, !@ j08 !*
v08 x'Fb} c5fdsf] s}nfz vf]nf cfO{k'u] .Ú
xfn o; vf]nfdf s}nfz] di6f / b]jLsf dlGb/x¿ 5g\ . pxfFn] cufl8sf]
syf ;'gfpg'eof],…db]lv !) k':tf klxnf xfd|L lhgL-k'/fgL_ xh'/cfdf
3fF; sf6]/ kmls{Fb} ubf{ vf]nfdf ;fgf] aRrf RofF RofF ub{}
/f]O{/x]sf] cj:yfdf km]nf kfg'{eP5 .Ú
clg,
…3fF;sf] ef/L af]s]sL xh'/cfdfn] To; aRrfnfO{ l6k]/ h]gt]g 3n]s -
k6'sf_df /fVg' eP5 / xtf/ xtf/ 3/ cfpg'eP5 . 3/ cfP/ 3fF;sf] ef/L
kmfn]/ k6'sfdf x]bf{ Tof] aRrf rflxF Pp6f lznfdf kl/0ft ePsf]
b]Vg'eP5 .
of] s] crDd eof] eg]/ 3/kl/jf/sf dfG5] h'6\b} ubf{ lhgL
xh'/cfdfnfO{ g} b]ptf cfof] .
xh'/ cfdf sfDg yfNg'eof] . sfDb} …d s}nfz] di6f x'F . ltdLx¿n]
d]/f] k'hf u/ .Ú eGb} k'hfcfhfsf] ljlw klg atfpg' eof] . ToxL ljlw
cg';f/ s}nfz] di6fsf] k'hfcfhf x'g] ub{5 .
To;kl5, nfn axfb'/ g]kfnLsf k'j{hn] c5fdsf] do eGg] 7fpFdf
di6fsf] dlGb/ agfP . To; lznfnfO{ ToxfF :yflkt u/]/ s'nb]jtfsf]
¿kdf k'Hg ;'? u/] .
;fy}, pgLx¿n] s}nfz vf]nfdf klg s}nfz] di6fsf] dlGb/ agfP . b]jLsf
dlGb/ agfP . /, ToxfF klg k'hfcfhf ;'? u/] .
dxfj} huGgfysf] dlGb/ b}n]vsf] dfxfs ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=^ df 5 .
dxfj} dxfb]j x'g\ eg] huGgfy pgsf k|wfg;]gfklt h:tf x'g\ . dxfb]jn]
cx|fP v6fPsf] ;a} sfd huGgfyn] ug{] ub{5g\ .
huGgfyn] ug{ g;s]sf] sfd dfq} dxfb]jn] ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . cfkm}F
wfdLdf pq]/ Gofolg;fkm jf hf] sfd xf] ;f] sfd ug{] ub{5g\ .
dxfj} / huGgfysf dlGb/ 5'§} 5g\ . /, wfdL klg . dxfj}nfO{ b'wsf]
ef]u r9\5 eg] huGgfynfO{ af]sfsf] anL .
dxfj} huGgfysf hgtf x'g\–nfn axfb'/ lxtfg .
pgn] dxfj} / huGgfyaf/] Pp6f /f]rs syf ;'gfP–
s'g} Ps ;do ltAatdf bnfO{ nfdf / huGgfylar o'Wb eP5 .
bnfO{ nfdfsf %)) kmf}Fhn] huGgfynfO{ nv]6\g yfn]5g\ .
huGgfy ltAataf6 cf]/fnf] efu]/ g]kfnsf] b}n]v cfO{ k'u] .
bnfO{ nfdfsf] kmf}Fh pgnfO{ nv]6\b} ToxfF klg cfO{k'Uof] /
huGgfysf] v'§f efFlrof] . v'§f efFlrPsf huGgfynfO{ dxfj}n]
;+/If0f lbP . bnfO{ nfdfsf] kmf}Fh ltAat efUof] . o;/L dxfj}n]
Hofg hf]ufO{ lbPsf huGgfy To;kl5, dxfj}sf k|d'v ;]gfklt h:tf eP/
a;] .
:yfgLo dfGotf cg';f/, clxn] klg Gofolg;fkm, nfuf]aNemf] cflb
O{Toflb h] hlt klg ufpFn]sf ;d:ofx¿ 5g\, lt ;a}sf] klxnf] ;'g'jfO
huGgfyn] ug{] ub{5g\ . huGgfyn] Gofolg;fkm jf ;dfwfg lbg
g;s]sf] v08df dfq} dxfj}n] ;'g'jfO ub{5g\ .
To;}u/L, efj/z}gLn] klg dxfj}sf] cfb]z kfngf ub{l5g\ . efj/z}gL
klg dxfj}sf] ;]gfklt jf egf}F u0fklt x'g\ huGgfy em}F .
dxfj}sf] kmf}Fh lgs} 7"nf] 5 . huGgfy / efj/z}gLsf ;fy}, e}F:of
uf]0of, sfn9'ª\u], dx+sfnx¿ klg dxfj}sf k|wfg;]gfklt x'g\ .
o;/L x]bf{, dxfj} lzj g} x'g\ eGg]df z+sf 5}g . lsgeg] dxfj}
lnª¿kdf :yflkt 5g\ . /, logsf ;]gfklt klg 8/nfUbf gfd / ¿kdf 5g\ .

wfdL M
b]jtf ;jf/ eP/ sfDb} jf0fL lbg] JolStnfO{ wfdL elgG5 . t;y{,
wfdLnfO{ b]jtfsf] ;jf/L elgof] eg] klg cTo'lQm x'g] 5}g . sfDb}
jf0fL lbg] sfdsf ;fy;fy} wfdLx¿ kj{sf a]nf gfrv]n klg ug{] ub{5g\
. To;a]nf, pgLx¿ b]jtfsf ;fdfgx¿ h:t}M rd/, ?b|fIfsf] dfnf,
306fx¿sf] u'R5f af]ls/x]sf x'G5g\ . b]jtfn] lbPsf kf]zfs nufPsf
x'G5g\ . 6fpsfdf ;]tf] ku8L x'G5 . gfrv]nf] ul//x]sf] a]nf d'Vo
wfdLnfO{ sfFwdf af]Sg] ul/G5 .
xfn cfP/ wfdL sfDg] jf kj{df gfRg] rng lxGb", dxfofg af}Wb,
af]g tyf ls/fFtdf dfq} 5 t/ s'g} a]nf of] rng ljZjsf nueu ;a}h;f]
wd{;+:s[ltdf lyof] .
cd]l/sfsf d'n lgjf;Lx¿, h;nfO{ /]8 O{lG8og elgG5, pgLx¿ klg
lkt[ / b]jtf k'Hg] ub{y] . k|s[lt / hgfj/x¿sf] k'hf ug{], anL ug{] tyf
wfdL sfDg] ub{y] . clk|msfdf /x]sf] cflbjf;L ;d'bfox¿ h;n] O;fO jf
O:nfd kGy cFufln;s]sf 5}gg\, ltgLx¿sf] wfld{s cEof;df cfh klg
b]jlkt[, k|s[lt / hgfj/x¿ k'Hg], wfdL sfDg] rngx¿ kfO{G5g\ .
jt{dfg hd{gLdf gf]l8{s wd{;+:s[lt hLljt /xFbf;Dd b]jlkt[, k|s[lt /
hgfj/ k'Hg], anL ug{] tyf wfdL sfDg] rng lyof] .
sfnfGt/df ljZjel/ O;fO / O:nfdsf] k|sf]k a9\b} uof] . h'gh'g wd{;
+:s[ltn] logLx¿sf] k|sf]k;Fu h'Wg ;s]gg\, ltgLx¿ gfz eP .
ltgLx¿sf] df}lnstf, k/Dk/fut wfld{s cEof;x¿ klg nf]k eP . h;n]
ubf{, xfn cfP/ em§ x]bf{v]l/ b]jlkt[, k|s[lt / hgfj/ k'Hg], anL ug{]
tyf wfdL sfDg] rng lxGb", af}Wb, af]g / ls/fFtsf] dfq} lyof] / xf]
ls h:tf] b]lvG5 .
di6fn] wfdLdf ;jf/ eP/ cfˆgf hgtfsf u'gf;f / ;d:of ;'Gg] tyf ltgsf]
l5gf]kmfgf], Gofolg;fkm ug{] tyf ;dfwfgsf pkfo atfpg] ub{5g\ .
s}n] s}n] hgtf;Fu b]jtfn] klg u'gf;f] ug{] ub{5g\ eg] s}n] s}n]
l/;fpg] klg ub{5g\ .
b]jtf l/;fPsf] 5 jf u'gf;f] ub{}5 eg] pkl:yt ;a} hgtfx¿ …untL eof] .
dfkm ul/lbp . ltdLn] eg] cg';f/} ug{]5'Ú eGb} dfkmL dfUg / ljlGt
lj;fpg yfNb5g\ .
di6fsf df0f'x¿df wfdLsf nflu kf7ynf] x'g] ub{5 . ToxL kf7ynf]df
a;]/ wfdLn] sfDg], l6sf nufO{lbg], ljlGtefp ;'Gg], anL lng]
ub{5g\ . s'g} s'g} dlGb/df wfdLsf kf7ynf] leqkl§ x'g] ub{5g\ eg]
s'g} s'g} dlGb/df rflxF aflx/kl§ x'g] ub{5g\ .
s'g} s'g} di6fsf] df0f'df b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L kf7ynf] x'g]
ub{5g\ . d'n di6fsf] kf7ynf] df0f'leq x'G5 eg] ;xfos di6fsf]
kf7ynf] rflxF df0f'sf] aflx/kl§ x'g] ub{5 .
k|foM di6fx¿ ;d"xdf /xg] ub{5g\ . o:tf ;d"xdf /xg] di6fx¿dWo]
Pp6f rflxF h]7f] jf k|d'v di6fsf] ¿kdf k'lhPsf] x'G5 eg] cGo
rflxF ;xfos di6fsf ¿kdf k'lhg] ub{5g\ . oL ;a}sf cf–cfˆgf df0f' x'g]
ub{5g\ .
h:t}M c5fdsf] d+un;]gdf /x]sf] l;Fhfklt di6f k|d'v di6f xf] eg]
bfx|] di6f / Gofpnf di6f p;sf ;xfos x'g\ . bfx|] di6fnfO{ l;Fhfklt
di6fn] cfˆgf] df0f'sf] 9f]sfdf ;'/Iff uf8{ em}F lgo'St u/]sf] 5 eg]
Gofpnf di6fsf] df0f' rflxF clnslt k/lt/ 5 .
Gofpnf ;xfos di6f ePsf] sf/0fn] p;sf] df0f'df Pp6f dfq} kf7ynf] 5,
p;sf] cfˆgf] wfdLsf nflu t/ l;Fhfklt di6fsf] df0f'df tLgj6f kf7ynf]
5g\ . b'O{j6f df0f'leq / Pp6f df0f' aflx/ .
leqkl§sf b'O{j6f kf7ynf]dWo] Pp6fdf l;Fhfklt :jod\ lj/fhdfg eP/
b'wsf] ef]u lnG5 eg] csf{]df rflxF bfx|] di6f lj/fhdfg eP/ af]sfsf]
anL–ef]u lnG5 . aflx/kl§ Gofpnf di6fsf] wfdL a;L/x]sf] x'G5 .
l;Fhfklt d'n ePsf] x'gfn] p;sf] wfdL cGo wfdLsf] t'ngfdf a9L
zlStzfnL 5 . p;sf] af]n]sf jf eg]sf s'/f cGo di6fn] sf6\g ;Sb}gg\ .
Gofolg;fkmsf] sfd bfx|] di6fn] x]g{] u/]sf] 5 . s]xL u/L bfx|]
di6faf6 Gofolg;fkm x'g ;s]g eg] l;Fhfkltn] cfkm}F cfP/
Gofolg;fkm ug{] ub{5 .
;xfos di6fsf wfdLx¿nfO{ ku8L lbg] sfd k|d'v di6fsf] wfdLn] g}
ub{5 . k'0f{]sf] lbg ;a} b]jtfx¿ l;Fhfklt di6fsf] cfFugdf pkl:yt eP/
gfrv]n ug{] ub{5g\ . l;Fhfkltn] anL lnPkl5 dfq} cGo di6fn] anL
lng] ub{5g\ .
o;}u/L, cGo 7fpFdf csf{] s'g} di6f rflxF d'n jf k|d'v x'G5 / p;sf
cGo ;xfos di6f x'g] ub{5g\ .
t/, s'g} s'g} di6fsf Ps eGbf a9L df0f' x'G5g\ . h:t}M sfnf l;Nnfsf
b'O{j6f df0f' 5g\ . Pp6f c5fddf, csf{] h'Dnfdf . h'Dnfsf
hgtfx¿ c5fd;Dd cfpg ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf sf/0f ;Dej c;Dej ePkl5
di6fn] g} h'Dnfdf klg cfˆgf] df0f' lbPsf] xf] .
o;/L b'O{j6f df0f' ePsf] x'gfn] sfnfl;Nnfsf wfdL klg b'O{j6f g}
5g\ . t/, sfnfl;Nnfsf] k'/fgf] df0f' / wfdL c5fddf 5 . To;}n],
h'Dnfsf] df0f'sf] wfdLnfO{ ku8L lbg] sfd c5fdsf] sfnfl;Nnfsf]
wfdLsf] x'G5 . /, c5fdsf sfnfl;Nnfsf wfdLnfO{ ku8L nufO{lbg]
clwsf/ rflxF 7s'/L kl/jf/nfO{ 5 .
di6fn] wfdLdfkm{t af/Daf/ cfZro{hgs sfd u/]/ b]vfpg] ub{5g\ .
aln/x]sf] cfuf]df xfd kmfn]/ gfRg], cfuf] vfg], 3/df kfn]sf
kz'x¿sf] /f]u lgsf] kfl/lbg], lgM;Gtfg bDklQnfO{ efs]s}
ldltdf ;Gtfg lbg], jiff{}F;Dd 3/ gcfPsf] ;GtfgnfO{ 3/
kmsf{Olbg], e't nfu]sf] jf 3/df k;]sf] nfuf]aNemf] x6fpg]
O{Toflb .
o;sf cnfjf, s;}n] u'kr'kdf cfˆgf ;d:of /fv]sf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ klg
t}Fn] of] s'/f lsg n'sfO{;\ eg]/ k|Zg ug{] / To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu s]
s] ug'{kg{] xf] < ;Dk"0f{ s'/f atfpg] sfd klg b]jtfn] ub{5g\ .
jf egf}F, s;}n] dgdg} efsn u/]sf] x'G5 . efsn k"/f eO{;s]kl5 p;n]
b]jtf lbG5' eg]sf] j:t' lbPg eg], t}Fn] d]/f] sfd ag]kl5 kmnfgf] lrh
lbpFnf eg]sf] lyO{;\, lsg lbOg;\ eg]/ b]jtfn] eGg] ub{5g\ .
b]jtfn] cfˆgf] wfdL cfkm}F 5gf}6 u5{g\ . Pp6f wfdL d/]kl5 s}n]
s}n] bz kGw| jif{;Dd klg di6fn] gofF wfdL lgo'St ub{}g . di6fn]
ha;Dd wfdL x'g of]Uo dfG5] km]nf kfb{}g, ta;Dd gofF wfdL
lgo'St x'Fb}g . gofF wfdL 5fGg] k|lqmof di6f cg';f/ km/s km/s
x'g;S5g\ .
h:tf], st} st}sf] di6fn] cfˆgf hgtfdWo]sf] ;a}eGbf rf]vf], wfld{s /
cf:yfjfg hgtfnfO{ wfdLdf lgo'St ug{] u/]sf] 5 eg] st} st}sf] di6fn]
lbj+ut wfdL s} kl/jf/leq gofF wfdL vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5 . o;sf nflu
p;n] wfdL s} kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ sdfpg yfN5 . /, tL dWo] Ps
hgfnfO{ p;n] cfˆgf] wfdL 3f]if0ff ub{5 .
wfdL eO{;s]kl5 s8f cg'zf;gdf a:g'kg{] x'G5 . h:t}M df5fdfz',
/S;L, n;'g Kofh cflb vfg kfOFb}g . vfgfdf eft cfkm}F ksfP/
vfg'k5{ . c¿n] ksfPsf] vfg x'Fb}g eg] /f]6L t/sf/L rflxF c¿n]
ksfO{lbPklg vfg] ub{5g\ . eft rflxF cfˆg} >Ldltn] ksfPsf] /x]5
eg] klg wfdLn] vfg ldNb}g t/ dlGb/sf k'hf/Ln] ksfPsf] vfgf rflxF
wfdLn] vfg x'G5 .
o;}u/L, dlxgfjf/L ePsL jf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfnfO{ wfdLn] 5'g x'Fb}g .
k"l0f{dfsf /ftx¿df wfdLn] >Ldlt;Fu of}g–;DaGw /fVg kfpFb}gg\
. cf}FzLsf /ftx¿df dfq} pgLx¿nfO{ >LdtL;Fu} ;'Tg] cg'dlt x'G5 .
ahf/lt/ kfO{g] tof/L vfg]s'/fx¿ klg wfdLn] vfFb}gg\ . nfdf] ofqfdf
st} hfg' k/]sf] 5 eg] af6f]df kmnk"mnx¿;Dd lsg]/ vfg] ub{5g\ eg]
kfgL rflxF cfˆg} 3/af6 af]s]/ n}hfg] ub{5g\ . st} aflx/km]/ s;}sf]
3/df af; a:g' k/]sf] cj:yfdf cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿ dfu]/ wfdLn] cfkm}F
ksfP/ vfg] ub{5g\ . jf /f]6L ksfO{ dfU5g\ .
wfdLn] xnf] hf]Tg x'Fb}g . dn af]Sg x'Fb}g . v]taf/Ldf dn
lkmFhfpg x'Fb}g t/ afnLgfnL uf]8d]n ug{, sf6\g, r'6\g rflxF x'G5
.
ufpF ;dfhdf s;}sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] wfdLn] nfznfO{ 5'g x'Gg .
s;}sf] dnfdL hfg kfOGg . cfˆg} cfdfa'jfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] klg
wfdLnfO{ bf]if nfUb}g . pgsf efO{ jf bfOnfO{ dfq} bf]if nfU5 .
wfdLn] cfˆgf cfdfa'jfsf] sfhlqmof klg ug{ kfpFb}gg\ .
x/]s lbg ljxfg g'xfOw'jfO ug{], s'n b]jtfsf] gfddf w'k aQL ug{],
dlGb/sf k'hfx¿df ;xefuL eP/ hgtfnfO{ cflzjf{b lbg], sfDg], anL
r9\g] di6fsf] wfdL xf] eg] anL r9]sf] af]sfsf] cfnf] /ut lkpg], anL
gr9\g] di6fsf] wfdL xf] eg] di6fnfO{ r9]sf] b'w lkpg], rf]vf]ef]sf]
a:g] sfd wfdLn] ug{}k5{ .
anLsf] klg leGbf leGb} tf}/tl/sfx¿ 5g\ . s'g} s'g} di6fn] bfFtn]
6f]s]/} af]sfsf] 3fF6L l5gfN5g\ / /ut lkpF5g\ . s'g} s'g} di6fsf]
rflxF k'hf/Ln] af]sfnfO{ df/ xfG5g\ / wfdLnfO{ d'v;Dd kf7fnfO{
k'¥ofO{ /utsf] ef]u lbg] ub{5g\ .
di6fn] cfkm}F 6f]s]/ af]sfsf] anL lnO{/x]sf] rflxF
s;}nfO{ b]vfOFb}g . of] sfo{ dlGb/leq ul/G5, 9f]sfx¿ aGb u/]/ .
anL ul/;s]kl5 wfdLx¿ sf]xL /ut lkpFb} t sf]xL anL eO{;s]sf]
af]sfnfO{ sfFwdf af]s]/ e\mofnaf6 af6f] kfP e\mofnaf6, 9f]sfaf6
af6f] kfP 9f]sfaf6 aflx/ lg:sg] ub{5g\ .
o;/L di6fsf] ;]jf ul//x]sf wfdLx¿sf] cltl/St cfDbfgL eg]sf] hgtfn]
lbPsf] cGg, kmnk"mn, r9fPsf] blIf0ff O{Toflb g} x'g] ub{5 .
To} eP/, h'g di6fsf hgtf w]/} 5g\, To; di6fsf
wfdLnfO{ cfly{s ;d:of kb{}g . jif{el/df /fd|} cfDbfgL eO{/x]sf]
x'G5 .
t/, h'g di6f hgtf w]/} 5}gg\ / wfdL;Fu kof{Kt klg hldg 5}g jf
cfDbfgLsf cGo ;|f]t klg 5}gg\ eg] To:tf] wfdLnfO{ 3/ vr{ rnfpg
wf}F wf}F kl//x]sf] x'G5 .
Ho'n]vL di6f rqm axfb'/ yfkf
Ho'n]vL di6f aemfªsf] 98f/af6 cfˆgf hgtfx¿sf ;fydf afh'/f cfPsf
lyP . Ho'n ofgL l;ddf a;]sf] sf/0f logsf] gfd Ho'n]vL di6f ePsf]
xf] .
Ho'n]v rflxF !@ efOdWo] ;a}eGbf sfG5f] t/ /fhsfhsf] lhDdf
kfPsf di6f x'g\ . rqm axfb'/ yfkfsf k'vf{x¿ Ho'n]vL di6fsf k|yd
hgtf x'g\ . di6fsf l6sfwgL x'g\ . di6fsf] df0f' 5fpFbf jf k'glg{df0f
ubf{ cfjZos kg{] w'/Lsf] Joj:yf yfkf kl/jf/n] g} ug'{k5{ . 5fpg]
sfd rflxF kfFrufOx¿n] u5{g\ .
yfkfsf k'vf{rflxF ef/tsf] lrQf}8u9af6 aemfª cfPsf lyP . aemfªsf]
9F8f/df k'u]kl5 Ho'n]vL di6fn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;f]w], …ltdLx¿ sf]
xf} < sxfFaf6 cfPsf xf} <Ú
pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] s'/fx¿ atfpFb} eg], …xfdLnfO{ a:g] 7fpF
rflxof] .Ú
clg, Ho'n]vL di6fn] n lxF8 d;Fu eg]/ d[usf ?k wf/0f u/] . Ho'n]vL
di6f cl3 cl3 / yfkfsf k'vf{ kl5kl5 lxF8] .
d[usf] ?k wf/0f u/]sf di6f afh'/fsf] Gjf3/ cfO{k'u]kl5 l;d ePsf]
v]tsf] larf]lardf uP/ a;] . clxn] klg di6fsf] yfg Gjf3/df
b]Vg ;lsG5 . l;dIf]q rflxF v]taf/Ldf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .
Ho'n]vL di6f ToxfFg]/ a;]kl5 yfkfsf k'vf{ klg To;} If]qdf a:tL
agfP/ a;] . ToxLF dfly /x]sf] e'Utf]nL eGg] 7fpFdf pgLx¿n]
di6fnfO{ nu]/ /fv] .
Ho'n]v / e'Utf]nL glhs glhs} 5g\ . Ho'n]v v]tLkftL x'g] xf]rf] /
cln cln;Dd k/]sf] 5 eg] e'Utf]nL rflxF 8fF8f] xf] . e'Utf]nLdf
Ho'n]vL di6fsf] df0f' 5 eg] Ho'n]vdf rflxF yfg 5 .
To; If]qdf /x]sf hFrfn hfltsf dfG5]x¿n] Ho'n]vL di6fsf] lt/:sf/
u/] .
…o:tf] klg b]jtf x'G5 <Ú eGb} pgLx¿n] ckdfg u/] .
yfkfsf k'vf{n] b]jtfsf] ckdfg gu/ eGbf klg hFrfnx¿n] dfg]gg\ .
pgLx¿n] Ho'n]vL kl/Iff ug{ rfx] .
pgLx¿n] !@ jif{;Dd lbzf y'kf/] . To;kl5, e'Utf]nLdf Psflt/ lbzfsf]
kf]v/L / csf{]lt/ cfuf]sf] Hjfnf /fv]/ tF di6f xf];\ eg] o;df k:nf;\
eg]/ cfuf]tkm{ b]vfP eg] tF di6f xf]O{g;\ eg]/ o;df k:nf;\ eg]/
lbzftkm{ b]vfP .
hFrfnsf] lh2L;Fu b]ptfnfO{ l/; p7\of] . b]ptfn] cfuf]df xfd
kmfn] . s}nfz] di6fn] cl3b]lv g} leqleq} df6f] vg]/ ;'?ª tof/ kf/]sf
lyP . Ho'n]vL di6f ToxL ;'?ª x'Fb} a'9L u+uf gbLsf] lsgf/df /x]sf]
/ftf9'ª\ufdf uP/ a;] .
Ho'n]vL / s}nfz] rflxF dfdfef~hf x'g\ . To; 36gfdf s}nfz]n] dbt
u/]sf] x'gfn], Ho'n]vL di6fn] s}nfz]nfO{ cfˆgf] w]/} e'efu lbP–a|
Xdtf]nf, a'9Lu+uf kf/Lsf] s}nfzdf0f', a;fnL nufotsf] 7fpF .
s]xL ;dokl5 Ps hgf sfO{of];Fu wfgrfdn ;fF6\g] lt¿jf /ftf9'ª\ufsf]
af6f] lxF8\b} lyof] . p;n] Pp6f 9'ª\uf nfdf nfdf skfn lkmhfP/ a;]sf]
Pp6f ;]tf] j:qwf/L cfs[lt b]Vof] .
Tof] cfs[lt Ho'n]vL di6f lyP . di6fn] lt¿jfnfO{ af]nfP, …P Û sf]
xf];\ < otf cfO{hf .Ú
lt?jfnfO{ di6fsf] 5]p hfg 8/ nfu]5 .
di6fn] km]l/ af]nfP, …d;Fu g8/f . d]/f] sNof0f g} u5'{ . ljuf/
ulb{g .Ú
cfZjf;g kfPkl5 lt?jf di6fsf] 5]p uof] . clg, di6fn] cfˆgf] kl/ro
lbFb} eg], …d]/f] hgtf Gjf3/df a:5g\ . pgLx¿ sxfF uP/
dnfO{ oxfFaf6 lnP/ hfg eg\ .Ú
lt?jf sfOof] ;Fu wfgrfdn ;fF6\g lxF8]sf] lyof] . p;sf] sfFwdf
emf]nf lyof] . di6fn] p;nfO{ eg], …t}Fn] slxF hfg'kb{}g . t]/f]
emf]nf d el/lbG5' .Ú
/, Ps d'7L afn'jf ;dft]/ p;sf] emf]nfdf xflnlbP . emf]nf cGgn]
el/of] .
To;kl5, lt?jfn] Gjf3/df cfP/ yfkfsf k'vf{x¿nfO{ Ho"n]vLsf] ;Gb]z
;'gfO{lbof] . yfkfsf k'vf{n] k~r]afhfufhf;lxt uP/
di6fnfO{ 8f]nLdf /fv]/ NofP rfsf -v]tdf_df /fv] .
ToxfF di6fn] d]nsf] n7\7L uf8]sf 5g\ . To; hldgdf yfkf vnssf]
h]7f] efOsf] h]7f] 5f]/fsf] dfq} clwsf/ 5 . ToxfF di6fsf] k'hfcfhf
ul/G5 .
kl5, yfkf efOx¿lar emu8f eof] . emu8f x'Fbf aemfªaf6 /fhf
NofOof], di6fnfO{ dfGg] ;t{df . /, yfkfsf k'vf{ rflxF sfhL eP/
a;] .
sfhL ag]kl5, di6fsf sfdx¿ ug{ ufx|f] x'gyfn]kl5 yfkfsf] k'vf{n]
kfFrufO{sf k'vf{nfO{ ha/h:tL wfdLsf] sfd lhDdf lbP .
Ho'n]vLsf Tof] a]nfdf !& ;o 3/ hgtf lyP . clxn] klg afh'/f, aemfª,
c5fd, sflnsf]6lt/ w]/} hgtf 5g\ .

sfnfl;Nnf di6f, c5fd, ljgfos, z]/ axfb'/ wfdL

sfnfl;Nnf di6f klg aemfªsf] 9F8f/af6 cfPsf x'g\ . bfx|] di6f;Fu s'/f
gldn]kl5 sfnfl;Nnf di6f rflxF c5fdsf] ljDsf]6df cfP .
z]/ axfb'/ wfdLsf k'vf{ oxfF cfPsf lyP–afh] / aHo} . laDsf]6df
pxfFsf afh] / aHo}sf] cf? au}rf lyof] . /fhfn] b/af/sf] srxl/af6 cf?
kmn]sf] b]v]5g\ / cfˆgf sfl/GbfnfO{ cf? dfu]/ Nofp egL k7fP5g\ .
/fhfsf sfl/Gbfn] wfdL sxfF cfP/ cf? dfu]5 . wfdLn] Ps 8fnfel/ cf?
l6k]/ k7fO{ lbP . /fhfn] ;a} cf? l6k]/ Nofp eg]/ km]l/ cfˆgf
sfl/GbfnfO{ k7fP5g\ .
/fhfsf] 5f]/f] klg sfl/Gbfx¿;Fu} lyof] . pgLx¿ cf? l6Kg yfn] .
wfdL cfFvf sd b]Vy] . cf? l6k]sf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 pgn] jf0f rnfO{lbP
. jf0f nfu]/ /fhfsf] 5f]/f] d¥of] .
ToxfFaf6 wfdL efu] . c5fdsf] sNn]vdf a;] .
otf ljDsf]6] /fhfn] wfdLsf] vf]hL ug{ yfn] . /fhfsf dfG5]
wfdLnfO{ vf]Hb} sNn]v;Dd cfO{ k'u] . pgsL >Ldlt ue{jtL
lyO{g\ .
ToxfFaf6 efu]/ pgsL >Ldlt aa/;]g eGg] 7fpFdf cfP/ a;Lg\ . ToxfF
3gf h+un lyof] . /fhfn] ah}sf] kQf nfpg Pp6f x'8\s]nfO{ k7fof] .
x'8\s]n] lg/f}nf e08f/Lls a'9L xf] eg]/ s;/L lrGg] eg]/ ;f]Wof] .
/fhfn] df]ltsf] dfnf h;n] bfg lbG5 pxL lg/f}nf e08f/LsL a'9L xf]
eg]/ atfP .
x'8\s] x'8\sf] ahfpFb} aa/;]gdf cfof] . lg/f}nf e08f/LsL a'9Ln]
p;nfO{ df]ltofsf] dfnf lbO{g\ .
x'8\s]n] uP/ /fhfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbof] .
/fhf ;]gf af]s]/ cfof] .
oltv]/ d';' wfdL hGdL ;s]sf lyP . /fhfsf] kN6gnfO{ /f]Sg d';'
wfdLdf di6f cfP . pgn] /fhfsf] ;a} ;]gfnfO{ dfl/lbP .
b]ptf cfP/ sfd]sf] sf/0f lg/f}nf e08f/L 5f8]/ wfdL n]Vg yfn] .
tL xftxltof/x¿ aa/;]gdf lyP . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z:q o'Wbsf] ;dodf
dfcf]jfbLn] w]/} xftxltof/ vf];]/ nUof] .