Differentiation Formulas
The following table provides the differentiation formulas for common functions. The first six rows
correspond to general rules (such as the addition rule or the product rule) whereas the remaining rows
contain the formulas for specific functions.
F (x) F (x)
Addition f (x) ± g(x) f (x) ± g (x)
Linearity af (x) af (x)
Product Rule f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x) + f (x)g (x)
f (x) f (x)g(x)−f (x)g (x)
Quotient Rule g(x) (g(x))2
Chain Rule f (g(x)) f (g(x)) · g (x)
f −1 (x) 1
f (f −1 (x))
Basic functions xn for any real n nxn−1
ex ex
ax (a > 0) (ln a)ax
1
ln x x
Trig functions sin x cos x
cos x − sin x
1
tan x cos2 x = 1 + tan2 x
arctan x = tan−1 x 1
1+x2
arcsin x = sin−1 x √ 1
1−x2
Hyperbolic Trig sinh x cosh x
cosh x sinh x
1
tanh x cosh2 x
sinh−1 x √ 1
1+x2
tanh−1 x 1
1−x2
Integration Formulas
The following list provides some of the rules for finding integrals and a few of the common antiderivatives
of functions.
Linearity af (x) + bg(x) dx = a f (x) dx + b g(x) dx
Substitution f (w(x))w (x) dx = f (w) dw
Integration by parts u(x)v (x) dx = u(x)v(x) − u (x)v(x) dx
Basic Functions
xn+1 1
xn dx = +C dx = ln |x| + C
n+1 x
1 ax
eax dx = ex + C ax dx = +C
a ln a
Trigonometric functions
sin x dx = − cos x + C cos x dx = sin x + C
1
dx = tan x + C tan x dx = − ln | cos x| + C
cos2 x
cot x dx = ln | sin x| + C
Hyperbolic Trig functions
sinh x dx = cosh x + C cosh x dx = sinh x + C
tanh x dx = ln(cosh x) + C coth x dx = ln | sinh x| + C
Functions with a2 ± x2
x
dx dx 1 −1 x
√ = sin−1 +C = tan +C
a2 − x2 a a2 + x2 a a
dx 1 x + a
= ln +C
a2 − x2 2a x−a
x x
dx dx
√ = cosh−1 +C √ = sinh−1 +C
x2 − a2 a x2 + a2 a
Inverse Functions
ln x dx = x ln x − x + C arcsin x dx = x arcsin x + 1 − x2 + C
1
arctan x = x arctan x − ln(1 + x2 ) + C
2
