Differentiation & Integration Formula Sheet
Basic Differentiation
- d/dx (c) = 0, where c is constant
- d/dx (x) = 1
- d/dx (x^n) = n x^(n-1)
- d/dx (e^x) = e^x
- d/dx (a^x) = a^x ln(a)
- d/dx (ln x) = 1/x
- d/dx (log_a x) = 1 / (x ln a)
Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions
- d/dx (sin x) = cos x
- d/dx (cos x) = -sin x
- d/dx (tan x) = sec²x
- d/dx (cot x) = -csc²x
- d/dx (sec x) = sec x tan x
- d/dx (csc x) = -csc x cot x
Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- d/dx (sin■¹x) = 1 / √(1 - x²)
- d/dx (cos■¹x) = -1 / √(1 - x²)
- d/dx (tan■¹x) = 1 / (1 + x²)
- d/dx (cot■¹x) = -1 / (1 + x²)
- d/dx (sec■¹x) = 1 / (|x|√(x² - 1))
- d/dx (csc■¹x) = -1 / (|x|√(x² - 1))
Rules of Differentiation
- (u ± v)' = u' ± v'
- (uv)' = u'v + uv'
- (u/v)' = (u'v - uv') / v²
- (f(g(x)))' = f'(g(x)) * g'(x) (Chain Rule)
Basic Integration
- ∫ c dx = cx + C
- ∫ x^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, n ≠ -1
- ∫ e^x dx = e^x + C
- ∫ a^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C
- ∫ 1/x dx = ln|x| + C
Integration of Trigonometric Functions
- ∫ sin x dx = -cos x + C
- ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
- ∫ sec²x dx = tan x + C
- ∫ csc²x dx = -cot x + C
- ∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
- ∫ csc x cot x dx = -csc x + C
Integration of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- ∫ 1/√(1 - x²) dx = sin■¹x + C
- ∫ -1/√(1 - x²) dx = cos■¹x + C
- ∫ 1/(1 + x²) dx = tan■¹x + C
- ∫ -1/(1 + x²) dx = cot■¹x + C
- ∫ 1/(|x|√(x² - 1)) dx = sec■¹x + C
- ∫ -1/(|x|√(x² - 1)) dx = csc■¹x + C
Rules of Integration
- ∫ (u ± v) dx = ∫u dx ± ∫v dx
- ∫ k f(x) dx = k ∫ f(x) dx
- ∫ u dv = uv - ∫ v du (Integration by Parts)
- ∫ f(g(x)) g'(x) dx = ∫ f(u) du (Substitution Rule)
