STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 24

INDEX
1. Theory 03 - 16

2. Exercise - 1 17 - 24

3. Exercise - 2 25-28

4. Exercise - 3 29-32

5. Answers Key 33
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 4

MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

While studying this chapter

1. IMPORTANT TERMS
 We will treat the object as point mass object
1.1 Mechanics
 An object can be considered as a point mass object if
It is the branch of Physics, which deals with the study of
during the course of motion, it covers distances much
motion of physical objects. Mechanics can be broadly
greater than its own size.
classified into following branches:
 We shall confine ourselves to the study of rectilinear
1.1.1 Statics motion
It is the branch of mechanics, which deals with the study  Rectilinear motion is the study of motion of objects
of physical objects at rest. along a straight line.
1.1.2 Kinematics
It is the branch of mechanics, which deals with study of
3. POSITION, DISTANCE, DISPLACEMENT
motion of physical bodies without taking into account
the factors, which causes motion. 3.1 Position
1.1.3 Dynamics  Position of an object is always defined with respect to
It is the branch of mechanics, which deals with the study some reference point which we generally refer to as
of motion of physical bodies taking into account the origin.
factors which causes motion.
3.2 Distance
 It is the actual path traversed by the body during the
2. STATES OF OBJECTS course of motion.
 SI unit is ‘metre’.
2.1 Rest
 Dimension is [M0L1T0]
 An object is said to be at rest if it does not change its
position with respect to the surrounding.
3.3 Displacement
 The white board in the classroom is at rest with
 It is the shortest path joining initial and final position
respect to the classroom
of the object.
2.2 Motion  SI unit is ‘metre’
 An object is said to be in motion if it changes its  Dimension is [M0L1T0]
position with respect to the surroundings.  It is a vector quality.
 When we walk, run or ride a bike we are in motion
with respect to the ground. 3.4 Difference between Distance and Displacement

Distance Displacement
2.3 Rest and Motion are Relative
It is the actual path It is the difference
Rest and motion depend upon the observer. The object
traversed by the object between the initial and
in one situation may be at rest whereas the same object
during the course of the final positions
in another situation may be in motion.
motion.  x  x2  x1 where, x2
For example, the driver of a moving car is in motion with
and x1 are final and
respect to an observer standing on the ground whereas,
the same driver is at rest with respect to the man initial position
(observer) in the passenger’s seat. respectively.
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 4

Distance Displacement  SI unit of velocity is m/s, although km/hr is used in

The distance travelled by The displacement of an many everyday applications
an object during the object may be positive,  Dimension is [M0L1T-1]
course of motion is never negative or, zero during
negative or zero and is the course of motion. 5.2 Average speed
always positive
 It is defined as the total path length travelled divided
Distance is never less Magnitude of the by the total time interval during which the motion has
than the magnitude of displacement can be less taken place.
displacement. Distance ≥ than or equal to the
 SI unit is m/s.
|Displacement|. distance travelled during
 Dimension [M0L1T-1]
the course of motion.
The distance depends The magnitude of
upon the path travelled displacement is 5.3 Difference between Speed and Velocity
independent of the path
Speed Velocity
taken by an object
during the course of It is defined as the total It is defined as the
motion path length travelled change in position or
divided by the total time displacement divided by
interval during which the time intervals, in
NOTE: the motion has taken which displacement
If the motion of an object is along a straight line and in place. occurs.
the same direction, the magnitude of displacement is
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.
equal to the total path length.
It is always positive It may be positive,
during the course of the negative or zero during
4. SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES motion. the course of the motion.

4.1 Scalar Quantities It is greater than or It is less than or equal to

The physical quantities which have only magnitude but equal to the magnitude the speed.
no direction, are called scalar quantities. of velocity.
Example:
mass, length, time, distance, speed, work, temperature.
6. INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND
4.2 Vector Quantities INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
The physical quantities which have magnitude as well as
direction, are called vector quantities. 6.1 Instantaneous Velocity
Example:  It is velocity at an instant of time t. The velocity at an
displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, instant is defined as the limit of the average velocity
torque as the time interval t becomes infinitesimally small.
x
 Instantaneous velocity = lim = dx/dt
t  0 t
5. AVERAGE VELOCITY AND AVERAGE SPEED  The quantity on the right-hand side of equation is the
5.1 Average Velocity differential coefficient of x with respect to t and is
denoted by dx/dt.
 It is defined as the change in position or displacement
divided by the time intervals, in which displacement  SI unit is m/s
occurs.  Dimension is [M0L1T-1]
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 5

6.2 Instantaneous Speed  If the velocity of an object is vo at t = 0 and v at time

 Instantaneous speed or speed is the magnitude of t, we have
velocity at any particular instant of time. v  v0
 a
 SI unit is m/s t 0
 Dimension is [M0L1T-1] or, v = vo + at — This is first equation of
motion
 other equations of motion are:
7. ACCELERATION
1
 S  v0 t  at 2
7.1 Average Acceleration 2
The average acceleration over a time interval is defined  v – u = 2aS
2 2

as the change of velocity divided by the time interval: v v

 S  0 t
v 2 – v1  2 
a
t 2 – t1  In all the above equations, the acceleration is
assumed to be constant.
where, v2 and v1 are velocities at time t2 & t1.
It is the average change of velocity per unit time.
8. KINEMATICS EQUATIONS
SI unit is m/s2.
Dimension is [M0L1T-2]. 8.1 Equations of Uniformly Accelerated Motion
If a body starts with velocity (u) and after time t its
7.2 Instantaneous Acceleration velocity changes to v, if the uniform acceleration is a and
 Instantaneous acceleration is defined in the same way the distance travelled in time t is s, then the following
as the instantaneous velocity: relations are obtained, which are called equations of
uniformly accelerated motion.
v
a  lim (i) v = u + at
t  0 t
 dv / dt (for very small interval of time) at 2
(ii) s  ut 
2
 SI unit is m/s2
(iii) v2 = u2 + 2as
 Dimension is [M0L1T-2]
(iv) Distance travelled in nth second
 When the acceleration is uniform, obviously,
a
instantaneous acceleration equals the average Sn  u   2n –1
acceleration over that period 2
 Since velocity is a quantity having both magnitude If a body moves with uniform acceleration and velocity
and direction, a change in the velocity may involve changes from u to v in a time interval while traversing
either or both of these factors. certain path, then the velocity at the mid point of its path
is:
 Acceleration, therefore, may result from a change in
the speed(magnitude), a change in direction or u 2  v2
changes in both. 2
 Like velocity, acceleration can also be positive,
negative or zero.
9. VERTICAL MOTION UNDER GRAVITY

NOTE: If an object is falling freely (u = 0) under gravity, then

equations of motion
We will restrict ourselves to the study of constant
acceleration for this chapter. In this case average (i) v = u + gt
acceleration equals the constant value of acceleration (ii) h = ut + 1/2(gt2)
during the interval.
(iii) v2 = u2 + 2gh
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 6

NOTE: Now let’s say x1 approaches to x2 then  x  0 or it

will be very-very small, we write it dx. In that way, y
If an object is thrown upward then g is replaced by – g
approaches to y2 and y  0 , written as dy.
in above three equations.
It thus follows that dy
So, rate of change of y with respect to x  (at one
u dx
(i) Time taken to reach maximum height T  point)
g
Graphically it is tangent of curve on given point.
(ii) Maximum height reached by the body
u2
hmax 
2g
(iii) A ball is dropped from a building of height h and it
reaches after t seconds on earth. From the same
building if two balls are thrown (one upwards and
other downwards) with the same velocity u and
they reach the earth’s surface after t1, and t2
seconds respectively, then Fig. 2.2

t  t1t2 dy
 slope of tangent on curve between y and x at one
dx
(iv) When a body is dropped freely from the top of the
point.
tower and another body is projected horizontally
Mathematically that is called differentiation of y with
from the same point, both will reach the ground at
the same time. dy
respect to x 
dx

10. CALCULUS
10.1 Differentiation of a Function
If we say y as a function of x then we write
y = f (x)
x = Independent variable
In physics, first we will study the linear motion of an
y = Dependent variable.
object where position of object is represented by x
In physics we study variation of a quantity y with which changes with time t, then
respect to quantity x and we also study rate at which y
changes when x changes.

and that is equal to velocity (magnitude of velocity)

dx
v
dt
Fig. 2.1 dx
v
One simple way to see variation of y with x dt
y Above expression will give speed.
Rate of change of y with change in x 
x Similarly, when velocity changes with time then we say
y dv
Graphically one can see that  tan   a  acceleration
x dt
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 7

so, we can define 10.6 Integration

Velocity  that is rate of change of position with Integration of a function. Let y = f (x)
respect to t.
Acceleration  that is rate of change of velocity with
respect to t.

10.2 Double Differentiation

If x  f  t 

dx
v  x  f   t 
dt
Fig. 2.3
dv d  dx  d 2 x
a    x  f   t 
  Area of shaded region of curve is
dt dt  dt  dt 2
dA = ydx
Total area bounded by curve y = f (x)
10.3 Standard Rules and Formulae of x b b

Differentiation A   dA   dA
xa a

1. y  x n
y  nx n 1
That is called area of graph with integration from a to
b.
2. y  c  y  cx 0
y  0
a = lower limit of integration
3. y  sin x y  cos x
b = upper limit of integration
4. y  cos x y   sin x b

5. y  tan x y  sec 2 x  ydx  Definite Integral

a

6. y  cot x y   cosec 2 x
 ydx  Indefinite Integral (without limit)
1 Integration is reverse process of differentiation in which
7. y  n  x  y 
x we find a function for which the given function is the
8. y  e x y  e x derivative of function.
(Exponential Function)
10.7 Formulae
9. y  a x y  a x n  x 
x n 1
1.  x n dx  c
n 1
10.4 Rules of Differentiation 1
2.  dx  n  x   c
x
1. y  f1  x   f 2  x  y  f1 x   f 2  x 
3.  sin xdx   cos x  c
2. y  cf  x  y  cf   x 
4.  cos xdx  sin x  c
3. y  f1  x  f 2  x  y  f1  x  f 2  x   f1 x  f 2  x 
f1  x  f 2  x  f1 x   f1  x  f 2  x 
5.  tan xdx  n  sec x   c
4. y  
f2  x   f 2  x  
2
6.  e x dx  e x  c

10.5 Chain Rule 10.8 Rules of Integration

y  f  x  Now if we want to differentiate with respect 1.  dx  x  c

to third variable say z. 2.  cf  x  dx  c  f  x  dx
dy dy dz
  3.   f  x   g  x   dx   f  x  dx   g  x  dx
dx dz dx
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 8

NOTE:
Like differentiation, rules of substitution are also
applicable to integration as well, in a similar way.

10.9 Applications in Physics

t2

x2  x1   vdt  Change in position or displacement.

t1
Fig. 2.5
dx
x2 t2
 2  1
v   dx   vdt
dt x1 t1
tan  2  tan 1
dy dy
(Area under the curve of v and t graph is displacement) 
t
dx 2 dx 1
v
dv 2

a   dv   adt Slope decreasing that means first derivative is

dt u t1
decreasing that means second derivative will be
t2 negative.
v  u   adt  Change in velocity.
d2y
t1 0
dx 2
(Area under the curve of a and t graph is change in
velocity) NOTE:
(i) Increasing graph with decreasing slope will be
11. INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTION concave downward.
(ii) Increasing graph, with increasing slope will be
11.1 Increasing function concave upward.
Suppose y = f (x) and if on  in x, y also  the
function is increasing function. There are two types of
11.2 Decreasing function
possible graphical variations.
On increasing value of x, y decreases. These also have
two types of graphs.

Fig. 2.4

 2  1 Fig. 2.6
tan  2  tan 1 
1  2 
dy dy 2

dx 2 dx 1 tan  2  tan  1

Slope increasing that means first derivative is also d2 y

Slope is negative but increasing so 0
2
d y dx 2
increasing so second derivative should be +ve 0
dx 2
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 9

dy d2y NOTE:
 0, 2  0
dx dx
If the graph is parabola, then second derivative will be
constant
x  at 2  bt  c if a  0
x  2 at  b 
x  0 and constant

x  2a if a  0

x  0 and constant

So if acceleration is constant then x and t graph will be

parabola.
Fig. 2.7
1   2
tan 1  tan  2

Slope is decreasing and negative so second derivative is

12. MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF A FUNCTION
negative.

11.3 Application in Physics

Fig. 2.10

12.1 Maxima
Fig. 2.8
(Condition to locate and check point of maxima)

dy d2 y
0 0
dx dx 2 x1

12.2 Minima

(Condition to locate and check point to minima)

dy d2y
0 0
dx dx 2 x2

Fig. 2.9
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 10

12.3 Point of Inflexion

Concavity change of a function at A is known as the 13. GRAPHS
point of inflexion.
13.1 Uniform Motion
 In a uniform motion a body covers equal distance
in equal intervals of time.
 Velocity is constant during the course of motion.
 Acceleration is zero during the course of motion.
If we try to represent the same on the number line with
x, v, a on the Y-axis and t on the X-axis then we will
have,

13.2 Non-uniform Motion

2.11  In a non-uniform motion, a body covers unequal
distances in equal intervals of time.
dy
0  Uniformly accelerated motion
dx
 Accelerated motion
2
d y  Magnitude of velocity increases or decreases with
0
dx 2 time

displacement – time graph velocity – time graph acceleration – time graph

velocity = slope of x – t graph acc = slope of v – t graph
(i) x v a

t t t

Nature of slope: Nature of slope: zero Nature of slope of a – t: zero

positive Magnitude of slope: constant Magnitude of slope: constant
Magnitude of slope:
constant
(ii) x v a

t t
t

Nature of slope: nature of slope: zero nature of slope: zero

negative magnitude of slope: constant magnitude of slope: Constant
magnitude of slope:
constant
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 11

Displacement – Time Graph Velocity – Time Graph Acceleration – Time Graph

Velocity = slope of x – t graph acc = slope of v – t graph
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Nature of slope: positive Nature of slope: positive

Slope of a - t graph
Magnitude of slope: Increasing Magnitude of slope: constant
da
gives jerk, i.e., J  0
dt
(iv)

Nature of slope: positive Slope of a - t graph

Nature of slope: negative
Magnitude of slope: decreasing  da
Magnitude of slope: constant gives jerk, i.e., J  0
dt
(v)

Nature of slope: negative Nature of slope: negative Nature of slope: zero

Magnitude of slope: decreasing Magnitude of slope: constant
(vi)

Nature of slope: negative Nature of slope: positive Nature of slope: zero

Magnitude of slope: decreasing Magnitude of slope: constant
 12
MOTION IN ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

VECTORS
In physics we study about physical phenomenon occuring Arrow on head of a letter or bold letter is used to represent
in nature. All physical phenomenon are governed by certain a vector.
laws. These laws are known as laws of physics and in physics 
A or A
our motive will be to understand the different laws laws.

Laws of physics are expressed in terms of physical quantities. A or | A | = Magnitude of vector
On the basis of mathematical operations a physical quantity 
A  Read as a vector A
can be divided into 2 categories :
Graphical representation of vector is done with the help of
(1) Scalar (2) Vector directed line segment.
1. Scalar : Those physical quantities which are fully
(Tail)
represented by magnitude and unit are called scalar Show direction (head)
quantities. The mathematical operations (addition,
substraction, multiplication etc) of these quantities are length
governed by ordinary algebra rules.
length magnitude of vector
For example :
Mass, distance, speed, time, work, energy, power, Current etc.
2. Vector : Those physical quantities which are fully
represented by magntitude, unit and direction are called
vector quantities. Two vectors are said to be equal if they have same direction,
magnitude and having same physical meaning.
Mathematical operations of these quantities are governed
by vector algebra rules.
A vector said to be a constant vector if it direction and
(We have different set of operation for vector)
magnitude both remain same all the time.
In general 2 kg + 2kg will be always 4kg but addition of 2N
and 2N can be anything between 0N to 4N so we need to
A vector does not change if it is shifted parallel to itself.
deal vectors in different way.
Area, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force,
momentum etc. If a positive number is multiplied to a vector their its
magnitude changes but direction remains constant/same.

A A
Area is a vector quantity and direction of area is always 2A
2
perpendicular to plane or normal to surface.
If it is multiplied with negative scalar both direction and
A
A magnitude changes. Direction of vector is changed by 180°.

A A
–2A
2
Representation of vector
 13
MOTION IN ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE


1. UNIT VECTOR 
Ans. a  20 m / s
2
  kˆ   20 kˆ  m / s 
2

A vector with unit magnitude is known as unit vector


A
Represented by  (  = read as A cap)   
|A|
A vector with zero magnitude is called null vector.

ˆ  |A| A
A ˆ  Direction
 2. ANGLE BETWEEN VECTOR

Magnitude
Join two vectors tail to tail then smaller angle between them
Unit vector actually represent the direction of mother vector. is known as angle between vectors.

Unit vector tells us a particular direction and it can be used A

to write any other vector in the direction of unit vector. angle between
A
vector A & B
For example

 
If we want to write a B (B) in the direction of A (A) then B B

we have to use magnitude of B and direction of A .
 3. ADDITION OF VECTORS
 A
Direction of A is  
A There are two methods of vector addition :
 (1) Graphical method
Magnitude of B = B
 (2) Analytical method
 
so B   B  A
ˆ
3.1 Graphical method
Standard Unit Vector
We have three standard unit vector We have 2 technique of graphical method (a) Triangle law
of vector addition (b) Parallelogram law of vector addition.
(1) along x axis = + ˆi,  ˆi
(a) Triangle Law of Vector addition
(2) along y axis = + ˆj,  ˆj 
  
A  B  R ?? (What is R )
ˆ  kˆ
(3) along z axis = + k,
Arrange vector in such a way, in which tail of second
vector should be on head of first vector then third side of
Example - 1 possible  will be the resultant vector or resultant effect
Write a force vector of magnitude 10 N along negative x of addition.
axis.
A

 
Ans. F  10 N  ˆi  10 ˆi  N  R
B
B R
Exampler - 2
2
Write acceleration vector of magnitude 20 m/s along z A
axis.
 
 = angle between A and B
 14
MOTION IN ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE
2 2 2
(oc) = (od) + (cd)
2 2 2
R = (A + B cos ) + (B sin )
2 2 2 2 2 2
If 3 or more vectors, then also we can apply same concept R = A + B cos  + 2 AB cos  + B sin 
then it will be known as polygon law of vector addition.
    R  A 2  B2  2ABcos 
A  B  C  R ??
    
| R |  | A |2  | B |2 2 | A || B |cos 
C
B
R cd Bsin 
C tan   
od A  B cos 
B
A
A  Bsin   
  tan 1   from A
 A  B cos  
Remark
 
Subtraction of vector can also be done by knowing addition. Maximum value of sum of two vectors will be | A |  | B |
    
AB R when  = 0° and its minimum value will be | A |  | B |
   when  = 180° so we can say that
A  (B)  R
  
| R |min  | R |  | R |max
B
A     
| A || B | | R || A |  | B |

(–B) Remark
R
When angle between them is  = /2 then
A
  
| R | | A |2  | B |2
(b) Parallelogram Law of addition :
 
Take two vectors A and B with angle .
R
B
b c

(B) B R
A

O 
A (A) a d |B|
tan   
|A|
obca is a parallelogram that’s why it is known as

parallelogram law of addition. |A|
tan   
From given figure |B|
ad = ac cos  cd = ac sin 
3.2 Analytical Method
ad = B cos  cd = B sin 
od = oa + ad = A + B cos  In this method we convert a vector addition problem to an
ordinary addition problem by resolving the vector along 2
cd = B sin 
or 3 mutually  direction.
 15
MOTION IN ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE
Resolution of a vector : This can also be used to write a 
vector interm of standard unit vectors. | A | A 2x  A 2y  A 2z

y  From oab
2 2 2
oa is  to ab so (ob) = (oa) + (ab)

A ob = A 2x  A 2y
Ay
from obc
2 2 2
Ax ob is  to cb so (oc) = (ob) + (cb)
x
  A
2
A2  A 2x  A 2y 2
z
According to Triangle Law
  
A  Ax  Ay A  A 2x  A 2y  A 2z
 
A x  A x ˆi A y  A y ˆj Example - 1

 ˆj
Write given vectors in terms of standard unit vectors.
A Ax ˆi  Ay
 
  y
x component
 y component

of A of A 2
E (20 m/s ) D (10N)
 
A x | A |cos  A y | A |sin 

= A cos  = A sin 
30° A (10N)
 x
A   A cos   ˆi   A sin   ˆj 53° 37°

This shows that we can always write a vector interm of its

C (15N) B (20 m/s)
components along x and y axis.
Just by symmetry we can say if a vector is in 3D then it can Point to remember
be written as sum of its component along x, y, and z axis.
37° 53°
z sin 3/5 4/5
cos 4/5 3/5
c tan 3/4 4/3

A
Az Example - 2

Ax O y A force of 20 N is applied on a block write its horizontal

and vertical components
a
Ay b 20 N
x

   
A  Ax  A y  Az 37°


A  A x ˆi  A y ˆj  A z kˆ
 16
MOTION IN ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

Example - 3 Example - 7
Find the resultant of given two vectors also find angle made
 Write unit vector for given vector
by resultant vector with B .

A  2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ
Example - 8
B (4N)
Write a velocity vector of magnitude 20 m/s in the direction

60° of given force vector F  3iˆ  4ˆj  N  .

A (2N) Example - 9

 
Example - 4 Find angle between A and B if

Write vector interms of standard unit vector with co-    

| A  B | | A  B |
ordinates of head and tail to be

(x2, y2, z2) and (x1, y1, z1).      |R|
If P  Q  R  0 and | P |  | Q | and they are coplaner
Example - 5 2
vectors then find angle between vectors.
A car moves along north with speed of 50 m/s then it takes
a right turn and moves with 50 m/s along south. Find change
in speed and change in velocity.

Example - 6

Find the magnitude of unknown forces (F1 & F3) if object is

in equilibrium in the presence of given forces.

F4 (15N)

object
53°

37° F1 (F1)

F3 (F3)
F2 (10N)
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 17

7. One car moving on a straight road covers one third

EXERCISE - 1
of the distance with 20 km/hr and the rest with 60
(Basic Exercise)
km/hr. The average speed is
Topic – Distance and Displacement
(a) 40 km/hr (b) 80 km/hr
Average speed and velocity
140
(c) km / hr (d) 36 km/hr
1. A boy stops after travelling 3 km towards east and 3
then goes 4 km towards north along a plane road. 8. A bus travelling the first one-third distance at a
The resultant displacement of the boy is speed of 10 km/h, the next one fourth at 20km/h
(a) 7 km (b) 4 km and the remaining at 40 km/h. The average speed
(c) 5 km (d) 15 km of the bus is nearly.
2. A man goes 10m towards North, and then 20m (a) 9 km/hr (b) 16 km/hr
towards east then displacement is (c) 18 km/hr (d) 48 km/hr

(a) 22.5m (b) 25m 9. A bus covers a distance of 250 km from Delhi to
Jaipur towards west in 5 hours in the morning and
(c) 25.5m (d) 30m
returns to Delhi in the evening covering the same
3. A body moves from one corner of an equilateral
distance of 250 km in the same time of 5 hours.
triangle of side 10 cm to the same corner along the
Find the magnitude of average velocity of the bus
sides. Then the distance and displacement are
for the whole journey.
respectively
(a) zero (b) 100km/hr
(a) 30 cm & 10 cm (b) 30 cm & 0 cm (c) 50 km/h (d) 25 km/h
(c) 0 cm & 30 cm (d) 30 cm & 30 cm 10. When a person leaves his home for sight-seeing by
4. A man has to go 50 m due north, 40 m due east and his car, the meter reads 12352 km. When he returns
20 m due south to reach a field. home after two hours the reading is 12416 km. The
(a) What distance he has to walk to reach the field? average speed and average velocity of the car
(b) What is his displacement from his house to the field? during this period is
5. A hall has the dimensions 10 m × 10 m × 10 m. A (a) 12 km/hr, zero (b) 40 km/hr, zero
fly starting at one corner ends up at a diagonally (c) 32 km/hr, zero (d) 48 km/hr, zero
opposite corner. The magnitude of its displacement
is nearly
Uniform acceleration
11. A particle starts with a velocity of 5 m/s and moves
(a) 5 3m (b) 10 3m
with a uniform acceleration of its velocity after 4
(c) 20 3m (d) 30 3m sec is
6. The IIT conference theatre of a school is 15 m wide (a) 10 m/s (b) 15 m/s
and has a door at a corner. A teacher enters at 8.00
(c) 20 m/s (d) 25 m/s
A.M through the door and makes 10 rounds along
12. An object undergoes an acceleration of 8m/s2
the 15m wall back and forth during the period and
finally leaves the classroom at 9.30 A.M through starting from rest. Find the distance travelled in one
the same door. Then second
(a) his average speed is (5/3) m/min (a) 2 m (b) 4 m
(b) his average velocity is (5/3) m/sec (c) 3 m (d) 5 m
(c) his average speed is (5/3) m/sec
(d) his average velocity is zero.
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 18

13. An aeroplane touches down at 225 kmh–1 and stops 20. A train is running at full speed when brakes are
after 2 minutes applied. In the first minute it travels 8 km, and in
2
(a) acceleration of the plane is 0.52 ms the next minute it travels 3 km. Initial speed of the
2
(b) acceleration of the plane is – 0.52 ms train is
(c) length of runway is 3756 m (a) 150 m/s (b) 175 m/s
(d) length of runway is 4756 m (c) 200 m/s (d) 225 m/s
14. A particle initially at rest starts moving with a Motion under gravity
uniform acceleration ‘a’ the ratio of distances
21. A ball is released from the top of a tower of height
covered by it in the first and in the first three sec is
h meter. It takes T seconds to reach the ground.
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1: 5
What is the position of the ball in T/3 seconds.
(c) 1 : 7 (d) 1 : 9
(a) h/9 meters from the ground
15. A person travelling at 43.2 km/h applies the brake
(b) 7h/9 meters from the ground
giving a deceleration of 6.0 m/s2 to his scooter.
(c) 8h/9 meters from the ground
How far will it travel before stopping?
(d) 17h/18 meters from the ground
(a) 6m (b) 8m
22. A ball is dropped from the top of a building. The
(c) 12 m (d) 10 m
ball takes 0.5s to fall past the 3m length of a
16. A car moving with a speed of 15 m/s can be
window at certain distance from the top of the
stopped by applying brakes, after travelling a
building. Speed of the ball as it crosses the top
distance of 3m. The retardation of the car is
edge of the window is (g = 10m/s2)
2 2
(a) 37.5 m/s (b) 47.5 m/s
(a) 3.5ms–1 (b) 8.5 ms–1
2 2
(c) 57.5 m/s (d) 67.5 m/s
(c) 5 ms–1 (d) 12 ms–1
17. A motor car moving with a uniform speed of 20
23. A stone is dropped into a lake from a tower 500m
m/sec comes to stop on the application of brakes
high. The sound of the splash will be heard by a
after travelling a distance of 10 m Its acceleration is
man on the tower after a time of (velocity of sound
(a) 20 m/sec2 (b) –20 m/sec2
in air = 350 m/s)
(c) –40 m/sec2 (d) +2 m/sec2
(a) 21s (b) 10 s
18. If a train travelling at 72 kmph to be brought to rest
(c) 11.4s (d) 1s
in distance of 200 meters, then its retardation
24. Two bodies of different masses ma and mb are
should be
dropped from two different heights viz ‘a’ and ‘b’.
(a) 20ms–2 (b)10ms–2
(c) 2ms–2 (d) 1ms–2 Ratio of times taken by the two, to drop through

19. A body starts from rest and moves with an uniform these distances is
acceleration. The ratio of distance covered in the (a) a : b (b) a: b
nth second to the distance covered in ‘n’ second is
(c) b: a (d) a2 : b2
25. A ball is thrown straight upward with a speed v
2 1   1 1
(a)   2  (b)  2  
n n  n n from a point h meters above the ground. The time
taken for the ball to strike the grounds is
2 1  2 1
(c)   2  (d) 
n n  n n2
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 19

v 2hg  v 2hg  Graphical Analysis of motion

(a) 1  1  2  (b) 1  1  2 
g v  g v 
31. The acceleration-time graph for a body is shown in
v 2hg  v 2hg  the following graph. Which of the following graphs
(c) 1  1  2  (d)  2 2 
g v  g v  would probably represent the velocity of the body
26. From an elevated point ‘P’, a stone is projected plotted against time.
vertically upwards. When it reaches a distance ‘d’
below P, its velocity is doubled. The greatest
height reached by it above ‘P’ is
(a) d/3 (b) 3d
(c) 2d (d) d/2
27. Two bodies are projected simultaneously with the (a)
same velocity of 19.6 m/s from the top of a tower,
one vertically upwards and the other vertically
downwards. As they reach the ground, the time
gap i
(a) 0 s (b) 2 s (c) 4 s (d) 6 s
(b)
28. The distance moved by a freely falling body
(starting from rest) during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ...
nth second of its motion, are proportional to
(a) (n – 1) (b) (2n – 1)
(c) (n2 – 1) (d) (2n – 1)/n2
29. A ball dropped from a point P crosses a point Q in t (c)
seconds. The time taken by it to travel from Q to
R, if PQ = QR

(a) t (b) 2t
(c) 2 t (d) ( 2  1)t

30. From the top of a tower two bodies are projected

with the same initial speed of 40ms–1, first body
(d)
vertically upwards and second body vertically
downwards. A third body is freely released from
the top of the tower. If their respective times of
flights are T1, T2 and T3, identify the correct
descending order of the times of flights.
(a) T1, T2, T3 (b) T2, T3, T1 32. The graph below shows the velocity versus time
(c) T2, T1, T3 (d) T1, T3, T2 graph for a body
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 20

(a) 140 km/h2 (b) 160 km/h2

(c) 100 km/h2 (d) 120 km/h2
34. A lift is going up. The variation in the speed of the
lift is as given in the graph. What is height to which
the lift takes the passenger

Which of the following graphs represents the

corresponding acceleration versus time graphs
(a)

(b) (a) 3.6 m

(b) 28.8 m
(c) 36.0 m
(d) Cannot be calculated from the above grap
35. Which of the following cannot be the distance time
(c)
graph?

(d) (a) (b)

(c) (d)
33. A train moves from one station to another in 2 36. Refer Figure, the ratio of speed in first two seconds
hours-time. Its speed – time graph during this to the speed in the next 4 seconds is
motion is shown in figure. The maximum
acceleration during this journey is___

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1

(c) 2 :1 (d) 3 :1
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 21

37. In the following graph, distance travelled by the

body in metres is

(a) The total distance covered by her is 60 km

(a) 200 (b) 250
(b) The time she takes to complete her journey is 5
(c) 300 (d) 400
hr
38. The graph of a moving object is given in figure.
(c) The time she takes to complete her journey
The maximum acceleration is
from point A to point F is 4 hr
(d) The stops she made to complete the journey are
two
41. A car moves along a straight line whose equation
of motion is given by s = 12t + 3t2 – 2t3, where s is
in meters and t in seconds. The velocity of car at
start will be

(a) 1cm/sec2 (b) 2cm/sec2 (a) 7 m/s (b) 9 m/s

(c) 3cm/sec2 (d) 6cm/sec2 (c) 12 m/s (d) 16 m/s

39. Which of the following displacement time graphs is 42. The motion of a particle is described by the

not possible equation x = a + b t2 where a = 15 cm and b = 3

cm/s2. Its instantaneous velocity at time 3 sec will
be
(a) 36 cm/sec (b) 18 cm/sec
(c) 16 cm/sec (d) 32 cm/sec
43. The displacement of a particle starting from rest
(a) (b)
(at) is given by s = 6 t2 – t3. The time in seconds at
which the particle will attain zero velocity again, is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8
44. The velocity of body moving along the x-axis is
(c) (d) given by v = 4t – 2.5t2. Its acceleration after 3s is

Differentiation (a) 1.5 cm/s2 (b) -11 cm/s2

(c) 4 cm/s2 (d) 5 cm/s2
40. Study the distance time graph for a girl on a cycle
45. The velocity of a body as a function of time is V =
ride as shown in the graph. Then
t3 – 6t2 + 10t + 4. Set the accelerations of a body in
increasing order at given times
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 22

(A) t = 0 sec (B) t = 1 sec

Vector
(C) t = 5 sec
(a) b, a, c (b) a, b, c 51. Two forces, each of magnitude F have a resultant

(c) c, b, a (d) c, a, b of the same magnitude F. The angle between the

46. The velocity of a body depends on time according two forces is

to the equation v = 20 - 2.5 t2 The body is (a) 45° (b) 120°

undergoing (c) 150° (d) 60°

(a) Uniform acceleration

(b) Uniform retardation 52. For the resultant of the two vectors to be

(c) Non-uniform acceleration maximum, what must be the angle between them

(d) Zero acceleration (a) 0° (b) 60°

47. 50 m long trains are crossing each other in opposite (c) 90° (d) 180°

direction with velocity of 10 m/s and 15 m/s 53. Forces F1 and F2 act on a point mass in two

respectively. Then time-taken by trains to cross mutually perpendicular directions. The resultant

each other will be force on the point mass will be

(a) 2 sec (b) 4 sec (a) F1 + F2

(c) 6 sec (d) 8 sec (b) F1 - F2

48. Two car A and B are initially at rest. Now car A (c) F12  F22
starts moving with a constant velocity of 40 m/s
and car B starts moving with constant acceleration (d) F12  F22
of 4 m/s2. How much time will have lapsed from 54. The sum of two forces acting at a point is 16 N. If

before the cars again meet the resultant force is 8 N and its direction is

(a) 15 second (b) 20 second perpendicular to minimum force then the forces are

(c) 30 second (d) 35 second (a) 6 N and 10 N

49. Two particles move along x-axis in the same (b) 8 N and 8 N

direction with uniform velocities 8 m/s and 4 m/s. (c) 4 N and 12 N

Initially the first particle is 21m to the left of the (d) 2 N and 14 N

origin and the second one is 7m to the right of the 55. If vectors P, Q and R have magnitude 5, 12 and 13
  
origin. The two particles meet from the origin at a units and P  Q  R, the angle between Q and
distance of R is
(a) 35 m (b) 32 m
1 5 1 5
(c) 28 m (d) 56 m (a) cos (b) cos
12 13
50. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower of
1 12 1 7
height 49m. Another stone is thrown up vertically (c) cos (d) cos
13 13
with velocity of 24.5 m/s from the foot of the tower
56. A body is at rest under the action of three forces,
at the same instant. They will meet in a time of  
two of which are ˆ F  6ˆj, the third force
F1  4i,
(a) 1s (b) 2s 2

(c) 0.5s (d) 0.25s is

MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 23

(a) 4iˆ  6ˆj (a) 5,tan1(3/ 4)

(b) 4iˆ  6ˆj (b) 5 5,tan1(1/ 2)
(c) 4iˆ  6ˆj 1
(c) 10,tan (5)
(d) 4iˆ  6ˆj
(d) 25,tan1(3/ 4)
57. A car travels 6 km towards north at an angle of 45°
61. A truck travelling due north at 20 m/s turns west
to the east and then travels distance of 4 km
and travels at the same speed. The change in its
towards north at an angle of 135° to the east. How
velocity be
far is the point from the starting point. What angle
(a) 40 m/s N - W
does the straight line joining its initial and final
position makes with the east (b) 20 2 m/s N - W

(a) 50 km and tan 1 (5) (c) 40 m/s S - W

(b) 10 km and tan 1 ( 5) (d) 20 2 m/s S - W

62. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, then

(c) 52 km and tan 1 (5)
magnitude of difference is
(d) 52 km and tan 1 ( 5) (a) 2
58. There are two force vectors, one of 5 N and other
of 12 N at what angle the two vectors be added to
(b) 3
get resultant vector of 17 N, 7 N and 13 N (c) 1 / 2
respectively
(d) 5
(a) 0°, 180° and 90°
63. The sum of the magnitudes of two forces acting at
(b) 0°, 90° and 180°
point is 18 and the magnitude of their resultant is
(c) 0°, 90° and 90°
12. If the resultant is at 90° with the force of
(d) 180°, 0° and 90°
smaller magnitude, what are the, magnitudes of
59. A plane is revolving around the earth with a speed
forces
of 100 km/hr at a constant height from the surface
(a) 12,5 (b) 14,4
of earth. The change in the velocity as it travels
(c) 5,13 (d) 10,8
half circle is
(a) 200 km/hr 64. Two forces F1 1N and F2  2N act along the
(b) 150 km/hr lines x = 0 and y = 0 respectively. Then the
resultant of forces would be
(c) 100 2 km/ hr
(d) 0 (a) ˆi  2jˆ (b) ˆi  ˆj
 
60. If A  4iˆ  3jˆ B  6iˆ  8jˆ
and then (c)3iˆ  2jˆ (d) 2iˆ  ˆj
  
magnitude and direction of A B will be 65. ˆ  kˆ and C  6 ˆi  2 kˆ
Let A  2iˆ  ˆj,B  3j
  
value of A  2B  3C would be
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 24

(a) 20iˆ  5jˆ  4kˆ (a) 2m v cos 

(b) 2m v sin 
(b) 20iˆ  5jˆ  4kˆ (c) 0

4iˆ  5jˆ  20kˆ

(d) 2 m v
(c)
68. If a particle moves 5 m in +x- direction. The
(d) 5iˆ  4j
ˆ  10kˆ displacement of the particle will be

66. What displacement must be added to the (a) 5j (b) 5i

(c) -5j (d) 5k
displacement 25iˆ  6jˆ mto give a displacement of
69. Position of a particle in a rectangular-co-ordinate
7.0 m pointing in the x- direction system is (3, 2, 5). Then its position vector will be

(a) 18iˆ  6j
ˆ (a) 3iˆ  5jˆ  2kˆ

(b) 32iˆ 13jˆ (b) 3iˆ  2ˆj  5kˆ

(c) 18iˆ  6ˆj (c) 5iˆ  3jˆ  2kˆ

(d) None of these
(d) 25iˆ  13jˆ
70. If a particle moves from point P (2,3,5) to point Q
67. An object of m kg with speed of v m/s strikes a
(3,4,5). Its displacement vector be
wall at an angle  and rebounds at the same speed
(a) ˆi  ˆj  10kˆ
and same angle. The magnitude of the change in
momentum of the object will be (b) ˆi  ˆj  5kˆ

(c) ˆi  ˆj

(d) 2iˆ  4ˆj  6kˆ

MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 25

EXERCISE – 2
(NSEJS Previous Years Questions)
1. The distance between two spots A & B on the same
bank of the river 75 km. Speed of the boat in still
water is twice as much as that of the speed of the
water current of the river. The boat travels in the
river from A to B and returns back to the spot in 16 (b)

hour. What is the speed of the boat in still water?

[NSEJS 2012-13]
(a) 12.5 kmph (b) 15 kmph
(c) 16 kmph (d) 18 kmph
2. A boy is standing on a truck which is moving with
constant speed along a straight road. On a day
when winds is negligible, the boy throws a ball (c)

vertically up with some velocity. The ball comes

back and falls: [NSEJS 2012-13]

(d)

(a) Into boy’s hand 4. Which of the following situation is impossible?

(b) Behind the boy [NSEJS 2013-14]
(c) In front of the boy (a) A body having velocity and acceleration in
(d) Behind or in front of the boy depending on the opposite directions
speed of the truck and ball (b) A body having zero velocity and non zero
3. A particle accelerates with a constant acceleration acceleration
a0 and reaches a maximum velocity and then (c) A body having constant acceleration and
decelerates with a0 and comes to rest. The position variable velocity
time graph describing the situation is best (d) A body having constant velocity and variable
represented by- [NSEJS 2013-14] acceleration
(a)
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 26

5. Diagram shows trajectory of a cricket ball. The set

of arrows which show the direction of the Physical quantity Remarks
acceleration of ball at points P and Q respectively (i)Acceleration at 4 second (p) Positive
is - [NSEJS 2013-14] (ii)Velocity at 4 second (q) Negative
(iii)Direction of motion at 2 second (r) Zero
(a) (i) is (p); (ii) is (q) and (iii) is (r)
(b) (i) is (q); (ii) is (r) and (iii) is (p)
(c) (i) is (r); (ii) is (r) and (iii) is (p)
(d) (i) is (q); (ii) is (p) and (iii) is (r)
8. Consider the following two statements.
(a) Statement 1: The direction of acceleration of a
particle must be always same as that of velocity.
Statement 2: Acceleration is the rate of change of
velocity. Choose the correct option. [NSEJS 2014]
(b) (a) Statement (1) is correct while statement (2) is
(c) wrong
(b) Statement (1) and (2) are correct
(c) Statement (1) is wrong while statement (2) is
(d) correct
6. A particle starting from rest is moving with (d) Statement (1) and (2) are wrong.
uniform acceleration in a straight line. The 9. If the distance between A and B is 230 km, B and
percentage increase of the displacement of the C is 120 km, C and A is 350 km. Also, if the
particle in 9 th
second compared to that in the distance between C and D is 200 km, distance
immediate previous second is about [NSEJS 2014] between D and B is 330 km and distance from A to
(a) 8.3% (b) 13.3% E is 100 km and distance between D and E is 570
(c) 20.6% (d) 24.5% km. The diagram (not drawn to scale) that
7. A particle is moving along a straight line. Its represents this graphically is [NSEJS 2014]
velocity time graph is as shown in the adjacent
figure. Then Match the following [NSEJS 2014]

(a)

(b)
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 27

minimum length of main runway decided by civil

engineers for this aircraft for a take-off?
[NSEJS 2017-18]
(c) (a) 1800 m (b) 2000 m
(c) 2200 m (d) 2400 m
13. The positions of two blocks at successive 0.20
second time intervals are represented by the
numbered squares in the figure below. The blocks
(d)
are moving towards right. The accelerations of the
10. A particle moves along the x-axis according to the
blocks are related as follows:
equation x = 6t2 where x is displacement in meters [NSEJS 2017-18]
and t is time in seconds. Therefore
[NSEJS 2015-16]
(a) The acceleration of the particle is 6 ms-2
(b) The particle follows a parabolic path (a) Acceleration of ‘a’ is greater than acceleration
(c) Each second the velocity of the particle changes of ‘b’
(b) Acceleration of ‘a’ equals acceleration of ‘b’,
by 9.8 ms-1
both accelerations are greater than zero
(d) The velocity of the particle is 6 ms-1 at t = 0.5 s
(c) Acceleration of ‘b’ is greater than acceleration
11. If x, v and t represent displacement (m), velocity of ‘a’
(m/s) and time (s) respectively for a certain particle (d) Acceleration of ‘a’ equals acceleration of ‘b’,
then which pair of the following figures can be best both acceleration are zero
correlated to each other? [NSEJS 2017-18] 14. A tiny ball of mass m is initially at rest at height H
above a cake of uniform thickness h. At some
moment the particle falls freely, touches the cake
surface and then penetrates in it at such a constant
rate that its speed becomes zero on just reaching
the ground (bottom of the cake). Speed of the ball
at the instant it touches the cake surface and its
retardation inside the cake are respectively.
[NSEJS 2018-19]

H 
(a) 2ghand g   1
h 
H 
(a) I and II (b) I and III (b) 2g(H  h)and g   1
(c) I and IV (d) None h 
12. The take-off speed of Airbus A340 is 288 km/hr. h 
(c) 2gh and g   1
From the taxi track it comes to the main runway H 
and waits for a while for the final clearance from
h 
Air Traffic Control. The aircraft then achieves this (d) 2g(H  h) and g   1
speed within 50 seconds, Neglecting the effect of h 
the wind direction and friction, what should be the
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 28

15. Suppose our scientific community had chosen 17. A body is performing one dimensional motion.
force, speed and time as the fundamental After time instant t = t1, the body covers equal
mechanical quantities instead of length, mass and distances in two successive time intervals Δt1 each.
time respectively and they chose the respective Also, the speed of the body at time instant t = t1 and
units of magnitudes 10 N, 100 m/s and 1/100s. at t = t1 + 2 Δt1 happens to be the same. Therefore,
Then the unit of mass in their system is equivalent the [NSEJS 2019-20]
to _____ in our system. [NSEJS 2018-19] (a) acceleration may be zero
3 –3
(a) 10 kg (b) 10 kg (b) Body may be moving with a constant non-zero
–1
(c) 10 kg (d) 10 kg acceleration
16. A particle experience constant acceleration for 20 s (c) Body may be moving with an acceleration
after starting from rest. If it travels a distance S1 in proportional to displacement (from a suitable
the first 10 s and distance S2 in the next 10 s, the defined origin) and directed opposite to it.
relation between S1 and S2 is: [NSEJS 2019-20] (d) Body may be coming to a halt momentarily
(a) S2 = 3S1 (b) S1 = 3S2
(c) S2 = 2S1 (d) S1 = 10S2
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 29

(a) Average velocities of both are same since they have

EXERCISE- 3
same initial and final velocities
(INJSO Previous Year's Questions)
(b) Average velocities of both are same since both
1. Which of the following velocity; time graphs (see box cover equal distance in equal interval of time.
in the next page) matches the given acceleration: time (c) Average velocity of A is greater than that of B since
graph which you see at the right? (Time is plotted along it covers more distance than B in 10 sec.
the horizontal axis in all cases.) [INJSO 2009] (d) Nothing can be said since their accelerations are not
given.
3. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Ignore air
resistance. Take the upward motion as positive. Which
one of the following graphs represents the velocity of
the ball as a function of time? (Time is plotted along the
horizontal axis in all cases.)
[INJSO 2009]

(a) A (b) B
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(c) C (d) D
2. A graph given, shows the variation of velocity and time
4. Two identical balls are released simultaneously from on
of two bodies A and B. Choose an alternative for their
equal heights h. Ball A is thrown horizontally with
average velocities. [INJSO 2009]
velocity v and the ball B is just released. Choose the
alternative that best represents the motion of A and B
with respect to an observer who moves with velocity
v/2 with respect to the ground as shown in the figure.
[INJSO 2009]
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 30

(a)

(a) (b)

(b)
(c)

(c)

(d)

6. A vehicle is moving on a road. Ink drops are falling, on

(d) e at a time, on the road from the vehicle. After the vehi

5. Let there be a rigid wheel rolling without sliding on a cle has moved away, what one observes is shown (quali

horizontal surface. tatively) in the figure given below. From the figure we c

[INJSO 2010] an conclude about the vehicle to be moving...

[INJSO 2011]

(a) From left to right with increasing speed

(b) From left to right with decreasing speed
(c) From right to left with increasing speed
The path of point ‘A’ as seen by an observer on the (d) From right to left with decreasing speed
ground, when the wheel is moving along x axis is:
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 31

7. Velocity time graph of four athletes for agiven interval 11. There is a regular bus service between Pune and
of time are as given below. Who has travelled maximu Mumbai (180 km apart) at every hour from both the
m distance? [INJSO 2011] cities. First bus leaves (Both Mumbai as well as Pune)
at 4 am while the last leaves at 11 pm. These busses run
at an average speed of 45 km/hr. Taxies also run on the
same route at 60 km/hr with regular interval of 30 min.
First taxi leaves (Both Mumbai as well as Pune) at 4 am
while the last leaves at 10 pm. Following statements are
based upon the number of taxies or buses crossed (not
overtaken) only during travelling i.e. excluding
(a) A (b) B instances of arrival and departure. Consider following
(c) C (d) D statements. [INJSO 2016]
8. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of 1.7 m/s. A girl (1) Taxi left at 8 pm, crosses 10 taxis.
is walking with speed of 1.0 m/s in the N − E (north- (2) Last taxi crosses 5 buses.
east) direction. To shield herself she holds her umbrella (3) Last bus crosses 4 taxies.
making an approximate angle θ with the vertical in a (a) Statements 1 & 2 are only correct.
certain direction. Then: [INJSO 2013] (b) Statements 2 & 3 are only correct

(a)  = 60° in N – E direction (c) Statements 1 & 3 are only correct

(b)  = 30° in N – E direction (d) All the statements are correct

  
(c)  = 60° In S – W direction 12. Vector C is the resultant of vectors A and B. Select
(d)  = 30° in S – W direction correct statement about their magnitudes.
9. A 100 m sprinter increases her speed from rest [INJSO 2016]
2
uniformly at the rate of 1 m/s upto 40 m and covers the (a) C may be equal to A
remaining distance with uniform speed. The sprinter (b) C a. A and C > B
covers the first half of the run in t1 s and the second half (c) C = A + B
in t2 s. Then: [INJSO 2013] (d) C cannot be less than the smallest among A and B.
(a) t1 > t2 13. While driving on a level road at 72 kmph, Vinayak
(b) t1 < t2 observes the traffic signal turning red, the (white)
(c) t1 = t2 stopping line being 52 m away from the front end of his
(d) Information given is incomplete. car. Immediately he applies the brakes that decelerate
  
10. C is the resultant of A and B. Their respective his car at 4 m/s2. How far from the stopping line will
the front end of Vinayak's car be after 6 seconds?
magnitudes are C, A and B. Select correct statement.
[INJSO 2017]
[INJSO 2014]
(a) Zero (b) 2 m
(a) C may be equal to A
(c) 4 m (d) 6 m
(b) C > A and C > B
(c) C = A + B
(d) C cannot be smaller than of A and B
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 32

14. A particle moves along positive X-axis with a velocity.

v1  v 2 v  v3
(in a suitable unit) varying as (4 -3t- t2) where t is time (c)  2
t1  t 2 t 2  t 3
in seconds Students draw following four conclusions.
v 2  v1 v  v2
(I) Initially the particle is at the origin. (d)  3
t 2  t1 t 3  t 2
(II) Initial speed of the particle is zero.
(Ill) The particle decelerates till t = 1 s. 16. A river is flowing at 4 km/hr from west to east. Two
(IV) The speed of the particle goes on increasing after t swimmers P and Q can both swim at 2 km/hr in still
= 1 s. Therefore, conclusions. [INJSO 2018] water. The minimum time in which it is possible for the
(a) (i) & (ii) are sometimes correct, (iii) & (iv) are swimmers to cross the river is tmin.. Both of them start
always correct. swimming from the same point O on the bank of the
(b) (i), (iii) & (iv) are always correct and (ii) is some river in different directions as shown. The point X is
times correct. directly across from the point O.
(c) (i), (iii) & (iv) always correct, (ii) is never correct. Choose the correct statement. [INJSO 2019]
(d) (i) is sometimes correct (ii) is never correct, (iii) &
(iv) are always correct.
15. A particle is travelling with uniform acceleration of
magnitude a. During successive time intervals t1, t2
and t3 it average velocities are v1, v2 and v3
respectively. Then [INJSO 2019]
(a) P will each the point X in time tmin.
v 2  v1 v  v2
(a)  3 (b) Q will reach the point X in time tmin.
t 2  t1 t 3  t 2
(c) P will reach a point somewhere east of X in time
v 2  v1 v  v2 tmin.
(b)  3
t1  t 2 t 3  t 2 (d) Q will reach a point somewhere east of X in time
tmin.
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 33

ANSWERS KEY

EXERCISE – 1 (Basic Exercise)

1. c 15. c 29. d 43. b 57. c
2. a 16. a 30. d 44. b 58. a
3. b 17. b 31. d 45. a 59. a
4. a,b 18. d 32. b 46. c 60. b
5. b 19. a 33. d 47. b 61. d
6. a,d 20. b 34. c 48. b 62. b
7. d 21. c 35. d 49. a 63. c
8. c 22. a 36. b 50. b 64. d
9. a 23. c 37. a 51. b 65. b
10. c 24. c 38. d 52. a 66. c
11. b 25. a 39. a 53. c 67. a
12. b 26. a 40. a,b,c,d 54. a 68. b
13. b,c 27. c 41. c 55. c 69. b
14. d 28. b 42. b 56. d 70. c

EXERCISE – 2 (NSEJS Previous Year's Questions)

1. a 6. b 11. b 16. a
2. a 7. b 12. b 17. a,b,c,d
3. a 8. c 13. d
4. d 9. b 14. b
5. b 10. d 15. b

EXERCISE – 3 (INJSO Previous Year's Questions)

1. a 5. a 9. a 13. b
2. c 6. b 10. a 14. d
3. c 7. b 11. d 15. b
4. c 8. b 12. a 16. d