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Introduction To 3

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12 views7 pages

Introduction To 3

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amnaamin305
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English - I

Course : ADP A & F

Presentation

Topic : Verb forms & Verb Tenses

Submitted by : Group 5

( Nawab Shah , Amna Amin , Ayan Riaz , Abubakar


Raja , Shahzaib Khan )

Assigned by : Mam Saba


What are prepositions?

According to Merriam-Webster, the technical definition of a preposition

is “a word or group of words that is used with a noun, pronoun, or noun

phrase to show direction, location, or time, or to introduce an object.”

Simply put, prepositions are connector words. These connectors

customarily tie a noun to an idea. An example of this is in the sentence,

“I went to the store.” “To” connects the location of “store” to where the

person went.

Prepositions are common in the English language. There are about 150

used with the most common being: above, across, against, along, among,

around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down,

from, in, into, near, of, off, on, to, toward, under, upon, with and within.

Types of prepositions

Because there are so many prepositions, differentiating them helps to

understand when and how to use them properly. The word directly

following a preposition is called its complement, and how it relates to the

preposition determines what type of preposition you are using.

Transitive Prepositions

A transitive preposition always uses a complement with a preposition.

For example, the word “amongst” is a transitive preposition. You cannot


write “she lived amongst the wildflowers” without the complement “the

wildflowers.” Some traditional grammars believe transitive prepositions

are the only true prepositions.

Intransitive Prepositions

Intransitive prepositions do not need to use the complement to complete

the thought. For example, “outside” can be used in the following sentence

without a complement, “she lived outside.” You could add a complement

to this, “She lived outside the city limits,” but it is unnecessary when

using it. Traditional grammars believe intransitive prepositions are

actually adverbs. The argument for intransitive prepositions parallels the

use of transitive or intransitive verbs. “He runs” versus “he runs a

marathon.”

Conjunctive Preposition

This type of preposition uses a clause as the complement. Traditional

grammar may categorize these are subordinating conjunctions instead of

conjunctive prepositions. One common example of a conjunctive

preposition is the word “because.”


Complex Preposition

When two or more words form a preposition, they are a complex

preposition. This type of preposition is also referred to as a compound

preposition. Aside from being more than one word, it functions

essentially the same as any other preposition. “In light of” is an example

of a complex preposition. “In light of the recent traffic reports, the man

drove a different way to work.” Other examples are in addition to, on

behalf of, in the middle of, or across from.

Complex prepositions are mostly found at the beginning and the middle

of a sentence, but rarely at the end. To find the correct complex

preposition to use, focus on the relationship between the beginning and

the end of the sentence. When you have determined this relationship, you

can identify the proper complex preposition much easier.


List of prepositions

Prepositions – Place

English Usage Example


in room, building, We sleep in our
street, town, bedroom. We live
country in Texas.

book, paper, etc. I live in the United


States.
transportation
I read about it in
picture, world Harry Potter.

We are going in a
bus to the sports
game.

You look great in


that picture.
Where in the world
were you?

at next to or by an Leave your shoes


object at the door.

for sitting at a We have dinner at


table the table.

for events I told him I would


meet him at
place where you school.
are to doing
something We are studying at
the library.

Prepositions – Time

English Usage Example


on days of the on Friday
week

in months / in September / in autumn


seasons
in the evening
time of day
in 2020
year
in thirty minutes
after a
certain
period of
time (when?)

at for night at night

a certain
point of time

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