‭ YBS6101 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE‬

C
‭FUNDAMENTALS FINALS‬

‭ hat is the main goal of the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. To minimize the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭b. To maximize the accuracy of the model‬
‭c. To maximize the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭d. To minimize the accuracy of the model‬

‭ hat is the main difference between the Quickprop algorithm and the Resilient Propagation‬
W

Z‬
‭(Rprop) algorithm?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The Quickprop algorithm is more efficient, while the Rprop algorithm is less efficient‬
‭b. The Quickprop algorithm uses a variable learning rate, while the Rprop algorithm uses a‬
‭fixed learning rate‬
‭c. The Quickprop algorithm is less efficient, while the Rprop algorithm is more efficient‬
‭d. The Quickprop algorithm uses a fixed learning rate, while the Rprop algorithm uses‬
EN
‭a variable learning rate‬

‭ hat is the Quickprop algorithm used for?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Data analysis‬
‭b. Neural network training‬
‭c. Data visualization‬
‭d. Machine learning‬

‭ hat is a supervised learning algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. An algorithm that can only perform classification tasks‬
‭R

‭b. An algorithm that can learn from labeled data‬

‭c. An algorithm that can only perform regression tasks‬
‭d. An algorithm that can learn from unlabeled data‬

‭ hat are the biases in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The values that are used to determine the output of the neural network‬
‭b. The values that are used to determine the activation function of the neural network‬
‭c. The values that are adjusted in the backward pass‬
‭d. The values that are adjusted in the forward pass‬

‭ hat is a deterministic finite state machine?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A finite state machine that has a unique next state for each combination of current‬
‭state and input‬
‭ . A finite state machine that has multiple possible current states for each combination of‬
b
‭next state and input‬
‭c. A finite state machine that has multiple possible next states for each combination of‬
‭current state and input‬
‭d. A finite state machine that has a unique current state for each combination of next state‬
‭and input‬

‭ hat is a reward in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A representation of the future situation‬
‭b. A representation of the current situation‬
‭c. A possible outcome of an action‬
‭d. A numerical value that represents the utility or value of a state or action‬

Z‬
‭ hat is a reward in reinforcement learning?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The entity that receives rewards or punishments and learns from them‬
‭b. The environment in which the learning takes place‬
‭c. A positive or negative feedback received by the agent for its actions‬
‭d. The current condition or situation of the agent‬
EN
‭ hat is the main disadvantage of the RProp algorithm compared to other optimization‬
W
‭algorithms?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It is less accurate and precise‬
‭b. It is slower and less efficient‬
‭c. It is less resilient to noise and outliers in the data‬
‭d. It is harder to implement‬

‭ hat is a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A mathematical model for decision-making in situations where outcomes are entirely‬
‭R

‭random‬
‭b. A mathematical model for decision-making in situations where outcomes are partly‬
‭random and partly determined by past‬
‭actions‬
‭c. A mathematical model for decision-making in situations where outcomes are entirely‬
‭under the control of a decision maker‬
‭d. A mathematical model for decision-making in situations where outcomes are partly‬
‭random and partly under the control‬
‭of a decision maker‬

‭ hat is the RProp algorithm's convergence criterion?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The error reaches a predetermined percentage of improvement‬
‭b. The error does not improve for a predetermined number of iterations‬
‭c. The error reaches a predetermined number of iterations‬
‭d. The error reaches a predetermined threshold‬

‭ hat is the error function in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The function that adjusts the weights and biases in the backward pass‬
‭b. The function that calculates the error between the predicted output and the actual‬
‭output‬
‭c. The function that determines the activation function of the neural network‬
‭d. The function that adjusts the weights and biases in the forward pass‬

‭ hat is the main difference between the Quickprop algorithm and the Levenberg-Marquardt‬
W
‭(LM) algorithm?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The Quickprop algorithm uses a fixed learning rate, while the LM algorithm uses a‬

Z‬
‭variable learning rate‬
‭b. The Quickprop algorithm is less efficient, while the LM algorithm is more efficient‬
‭c. The Quickprop algorithm is more efficient, while the LM algorithm is less efficient‬
‭d. The Quickprop algorithm uses a variable learning rate, while the LM algorithm uses a‬
‭fixed learning rate‬

‭ hat is an advantage of using a Q-learning algorithm?‬

W
EN
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It can handle continuous state spaces‬
‭b. It can learn from its mistakes and improve over time‬
‭c. It does not require a large amount of data‬
‭d. It can handle high-dimensional data‬

‭ ow does the Quickprop algorithm adjust the learning rate for each weight in the neural‬
H
‭network?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It adjusts the learning rate based on the previous weight update‬
‭b. It uses a variable learning rate for all weights‬
‭R

‭c. It uses a fixed learning rate for some weights and a variable learning rate for others‬
‭d. It uses a fixed learning rate for all weights‬

‭ hat is an example of a reinforcement learning problem?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Grouping customers into different segments based on their spending habits‬
‭b. Predicting the stock price for the next day based on historical data‬
‭c. Determining whether an email is spam or not‬
‭d. Training a robot to navigate through a maze‬

‭ hat is the forward pass in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬
‭b. The process of predicting the output of the neural network based on the input data‬
‭c. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬
‭d. The process of calculating the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭ hat is the main advantage of the RProp algorithm compared to other optimization‬
W
‭algorithms?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It is faster and more efficient‬
‭b. It is more accurate and precise‬
‭c. It is easier to implement‬
‭d. It is more resilient to noise and outliers in the data‬

‭ hat is the process of adjusting the weights and biases of a feedforward neural network‬
W
‭called?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Training‬
‭b. All of the above‬

Z‬
‭c. Validation‬
‭d. Testing‬

‭ hat is the process of evaluating a feedforward neural network on a set of test data called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Validation‬
‭b. Training‬
EN
‭c. All of the above‬
‭d. Testing‬

‭ hat is a finite state machine?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A state machine that can change its state an infinite number of times‬
‭b. A state machine that can only be in one of two states‬
‭c. A state machine that can only be in a finite number of states‬
‭d. A state machine that can be in an infinite number of states‬

‭ ow does the RProp algorithm handle local minima in the optimization process?‬
H
‭R

‭Select one:‬
‭a. It gets stuck in local minima‬
‭b. It avoids local minima by using a dynamic learning rate‬
‭c. It avoids local minima by using a fixed learning rate‬
‭d. It avoids local minima by using a predetermined set of learning rates‬

‭ hat is the process of adjusting the weights and biases based on the error in the output‬
W
‭layer called?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Backpropagation‬
‭b. Activation‬
‭c. None of the above‬
‭d. Forward propagation‬

‭ hat is a policy in reinforcement learning?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭ . The environment in which the learning takes place‬
a
‭b. The strategy or behavior followed by the agent in order to maximize its reward‬
‭c. The current condition or situation of the agent‬
‭d. The entity that receives rewards or punishments and learns from them‬

‭ hat is the main difference between the Quickprop algorithm and the Scaled Conjugate‬
W
‭Gradient (SCG) algorithm?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The Quickprop algorithm is more efficient, while the SCG algorithm is less efficient‬
‭b. The Quickprop algorithm uses a fixed learning rate, while the SCG algorithm uses a‬
‭variable learning rate‬
‭c. The Quickprop algorithm uses a variable learning rate, while the SCG algorithm uses a‬
‭fixed learning rate‬
‭d. The Quickprop algorithm is less efficient, while the SCG algorithm is more efficient‬

Z‬
‭ hat is a backpropagation network?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A type of artificial neural network that uses deep learning‬
‭b. A type of artificial neural network that uses supervised learning‬
‭c. A type of artificial neural network that uses reinforcement learning‬
‭d. A type of artificial neural network that uses unsupervised learning‬
EN
‭ hat is the RProp algorithm used for?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Classification‬
‭b. Optimization of neural networks‬
‭c. Regression analysis‬
‭d. Clustering‬

‭ hat is the process of verifying that a backpropagation network has not overfitted to the‬
W
‭training data called?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭R

‭a. Inferring‬
‭b. Testing‬
‭c. Validating‬
‭d. Training‬

‭ hat is the process of adjusting the learning rate of a backpropagation network called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Tuning‬
‭b. Regularizing‬
‭c. Optimizing‬
‭d. Normalizing‬

‭ hat is a state transition function?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A function that determines the next state of a system based on its current state and‬
‭input‬
‭ . A function that determines the current state of a system based on its next state and output‬
b
‭c. A function that determines the next state of a system based on its previous state and‬
‭output‬
‭d. A function that determines the current state of a system based on its previous state and‬
‭input‬

‭ hat is the process of adding additional layers to a backpropagation network called?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Tuning‬
‭b. Regularizing‬
‭c. Optimizing‬
‭d. Deepening‬

‭ hat is the cost function used in backpropagation?‬

W

Z‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The mean absolute error‬
‭b. The hinge loss‬
‭c. The cross-entropy loss‬
‭d. The mean squared error‬

‭ hat is the process of using a backpropagation network to make predictions called?‬

W
EN
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Training‬
‭b. Testing‬
‭c. Inferring‬
‭d. Validating‬

‭ ow does a backpropagation network learn?‬

H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. By adjusting the weights and biases of the network based on the input and output‬
‭data‬
‭b. By adjusting the activation function of the network based on the input and output data‬
‭R

‭c. By adjusting the architecture of the network based on the input and output data‬
‭d. By adjusting the number of neurons in the network based on the input and output data‬

‭ ow does the backpropagation algorithm work?‬

H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. By adjusting the weights and biases of the neural network in the forward pass‬
‭b. By adjusting the activation function of the neural network‬
‭c. By adjusting the weights and biases of the neural network in the backward pass‬
‭d. By adjusting the weights and biases of the neural network in both the forward and‬
‭backward passes‬

‭ hat is a linear regression algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A clustering algorithm used in unsupervised learning‬
‭b. A neural network used in deep learning‬
‭c. A tree-like model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭ . A model used to make predictions in supervised learning by fitting a linear‬
d
‭equation to the data‬

‭ hat is the learning rate in backpropagation?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬
‭b. The hyperparameter that determines the size of the weight and bias updates‬
‭c. The process of minimizing the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭d. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬

‭ hat is a state machine?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A machine that changes its state based on a state transition function‬
‭b. A machine that can only be in one of two states‬

Z‬
‭c. A machine that is in a constant state‬
‭d. A machine that can be in an infinite number of states‬

‭ hat is the weight update rule in backpropagation?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. W(i, j) = W(i, j) + alpha * delta(i) * output(j)‬
‭b. W(i, j) = W(i, j) - alpha * delta(i) * output(j)‬
EN
‭c. W(i, j) = W(i, j) * alpha * delta(i) * output(j)‬
‭d. W(i, j) = W(i, j) / alpha * delta(i) * output(j)‬

‭ hat is the Bellman equation in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A recursive equation used to compute the expected reward of a state‬
‭b. A recursive equation used to compute the value function of a state‬
‭c. A recursive equation used to compute the policy of a state‬
‭d. A recursive equation used to compute the transition probabilities of a state‬
‭R

‭ hat is the learning rate in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The rate at which the weights and biases are adjusted in the forward pass‬
‭b. The rate at which the model learns from the training data‬
‭c. The rate at which the weights and biases are adjusted in the backward pass‬
‭d. The rate at which the model predicts the output‬

‭ ow does the RProp algorithm adjust the learning rate?‬

H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It uses a predetermined set of learning rates for each iteration‬
‭b. It increases the learning rate if the error increases and decreases the learning rate if the‬
‭error decreases‬
‭c. It uses a fixed learning rate regardless of the error‬
‭d. It increases the learning rate if the error decreases and decreases the learning rate‬
‭if the error increases‬
‭ hat is the bias update rule in backpropagation?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. B(i) = B(i) / alpha * delta(i)‬
‭b. B(i) = B(i) - alpha * delta(i)‬
‭c. B(i) = B(i) + alpha * delta(i)‬
‭d. B(i) = B(i) * alpha * delta(i)‬

‭ hat is the main disadvantage of the Quickprop algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It is more complex than other algorithms‬
‭b. It is more sensitive to initialization‬
‭c. It is less efficient than other algorithms‬
‭d. It requires more computational resources‬

Z‬
‭ hat is the process of calculating the dot product of the input layer and the weights called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. None of the above‬
‭b. Backpropagation‬
‭c. Forward propagation‬
‭d. Activation‬
EN
‭ hat is a disadvantage of using a Q-learning algorithm?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It cannot handle high-dimensional data‬
‭b. It requires a large amount of data‬
‭c. It cannot handle continuous state spaces‬
‭d. It can learn from its mistakes and improve over time‬

‭ hat are the weights in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The values that are used to determine the output of the neural network‬
‭b. The values that are adjusted in the forward pass‬
‭R

‭c. The values that are used to determine the activation function of the neural network‬
‭d. The values that are adjusted in the backward pass‬

‭ hat is reinforcement learning?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A type of deep learning where the model is trained using a large dataset‬
‭b. A type of machine learning where an agent learns through interacting with its‬
‭environment and receiving rewards or‬
‭punishments‬
‭c. A type of unsupervised learning where the model is trained using unlabeled data‬
‭d. A type of supervised learning where the model is trained using labeled data‬

‭ hat is a policy in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A set of rules for selecting outcomes‬
‭b. A set of rules for selecting actions and states‬
‭ . A set of rules for selecting states in a given action‬
c
‭d. A set of rules for selecting actions in a given state‬

‭ hat is a support vector machine?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A clustering algorithm used in unsupervised learning‬
‭b. A neural network used in deep learning‬
‭c. A linear model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭d. A tree-like model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬

‭ hat is a state in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A representation of the future situation‬
‭b. A representation of the past situation‬

Z‬
‭c. A representation of the current situation‬
‭d. A possible outcome of an action‬

‭ hat is a reward in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A possible outcome of an action‬
EN
‭b. A representation of the future situation‬
‭c. A numerical value that represents the utility or value of a state or action‬
‭d. A representation of the current situation‬

‭ hat is a nondeterministic finite state machine?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A finite state machine that has a unique current state for each combination of next state‬
‭and input‬
‭b. A finite state machine that has multiple possible next states for each combination‬
‭of current state and input‬
‭c. A finite state machine that has a unique next state for each combination of current state‬
‭R

‭and input‬
‭d. A finite state machine that has multiple possible current states for each combination of‬
‭next state and input‬

‭ ow does the RProp algorithm handle the initialization of weights in the optimization‬
H
‭process?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It uses random weights‬
‭b. It uses the weights of the best performing iteration‬
‭c. It uses predetermined weights‬
‭d. It uses the previous iteration's weights‬

‭ hat is the process of evaluating the performance of a backpropagation network called?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Inferring‬
‭b. Testing‬
‭ . Training‬
c
‭d. Validating‬

‭ hat is the RProp algorithm's weight update rule?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The weight update is proportional to the second derivative of the error function‬
‭b. The weight update is proportional to the derivative of the error function‬
‭c. The weight update is inversely proportional to the second derivative of the error function‬
‭d. The weight update is inversely proportional to the derivative of the error function‬

‭ ow is a state transition function typically represented?‬

H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. As a table or matrix‬
‭b. As a graph or network‬

Z‬
‭c. As a function of state and input‬
‭d. As a set of differential equations‬

‭ hat is the goal of reinforcement learning?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. To maximize the cumulative reward over time‬
‭b. To cluster data into groups‬
EN
‭c. To predict the outcome of an event‬
‭d. To minimize the cumulative punishment over time‬

‭ hat is the process of dividing the data into a training set and a test set called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Segmenting‬
‭b. Partitioning‬
‭c. Splitting‬
‭d. Sampling‬

‭ hat is the main difference between the Quickprop algorithm and the Conjugate Gradient‬
W
‭R

‭(CG) algorithm?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The Quickprop algorithm is less efficient, while the CG algorithm is more efficient‬
‭b. The Quickprop algorithm is more efficient, while the CG algorithm is less efficient‬
‭c. The Quickprop algorithm uses a variable learning rate, while the CG algorithm uses a‬
‭fixed learning rate‬
‭d. The Quickprop algorithm uses a fixed learning rate, while the CG algorithm uses a‬
‭variable learning rate‬

‭ hat is an example of a reinforcement learning problem?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Training a robot to navigate through a maze‬
‭b. Determining whether an email is spam or not‬
‭c. Grouping customers into different segments based on their spending habits‬
‭d. Predicting the stock price for the next day based on historical data‬
‭ hat is a Q-learning algorithm?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A reinforcement learning algorithm that uses a Q-table to store the expected‬
‭rewards for each action in each state‬
‭b. A type of supervised learning algorithm‬
‭c. A type of unsupervised learning algorithm‬
‭d. A type of deep learning algorithm‬

‭ hat is the goal of a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. To minimize the expected cumulative reward over a given time horizon‬
‭b. To minimize the expected cumulative cost over a given time horizon‬
‭c. To maximize the expected cumulative reward over a given time horizon‬
‭d. To maximize the expected cumulative cost over a given time horizon‬

Z‬
‭ ow does the Quickprop algorithm adjust the learning rate for each weight in the neural‬
H
‭network?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It uses a fixed learning rate for all weights‬
‭b. It uses a variable learning rate for all weights‬
‭c. It adjusts the learning rate based on the previous weight update‬
EN
‭d. It uses a fixed learning rate for some weights and a variable learning rate for others‬

‭ hat is an action in reinforcement learning?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A decision made by the agent based on its current state‬
‭b. The environment in which the learning takes place‬
‭c. The entity that receives rewards or punishments and learns from them‬
‭d. The current condition or situation of the agent‬

‭ hat is the process of evaluating a feedforward neural network on a set of test data called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭R

‭a. Validation‬
‭b. Testing‬
‭c. All of the above‬
‭d. Training‬

‭ hat is the main difference between the Quickprop algorithm and the Levenberg-Marquardt‬
W
‭(LM) algorithm?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The Quickprop algorithm uses a variable learning rate, while the LM algorithm uses a‬
‭fixed learning rate‬
‭b. The Quickprop algorithm is less efficient, while the LM algorithm is more efficient‬
‭c. The Quickprop algorithm uses a fixed learning rate, while the LM algorithm uses a‬
‭variable learning rate‬
‭d. The Quickprop algorithm is more efficient, while the LM algorithm is less efficient‬

‭How does the backpropagation algorithm work?‬

‭ elect one:‬
S
‭a. By adjusting the weights and biases of the neural network in the backward pass‬
‭b. By adjusting the weights and biases of the neural network in both the forward and‬
‭backward passes‬
‭c. By adjusting the weights and biases of the neural network in the forward pass‬
‭d. By adjusting the activation function of the neural network‬

‭ hat is the learning rate in backpropagation?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The process of minimizing the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭b. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬
‭c. The hyperparameter that determines the size of the weight and bias updates‬
‭d. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬

Z‬
‭ hat is an action in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A possible outcome of an action‬
‭b. A representation of the past situation‬
‭c. A representation of the current situation‬
‭d. A representation of the future situation‬
EN
‭ hat is the input layer in the backpropagation algorithm?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The layer that is not visible to the user and processes the input data‬
‭b. The layer that determines the activation function of the neural network‬
‭c. The layer that produces the final output of the neural network‬
‭d. The layer that receives the input data and passes it to the hidden layer‬

‭ hat is the process of adjusting the learning rate of a backpropagation network called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Optimizing‬
‭b. Tuning‬
‭R

‭c. Regularizing‬
‭d. Normalizing‬

‭ hat is the backpropagation algorithm used for?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Training artificial neural networks‬
‭b. Data analysis‬
‭c. Data mining‬
‭d. Data visualization‬

‭ ow does the Quickprop algorithm handle weight updates that are too large?‬
H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It reduces the learning rate‬
‭b. It reduces the weight updates‬
‭c. It discards the weight updates‬
‭d. It increases the learning rate‬
‭ hat is the process of using a backpropagation network for classification tasks called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Clustering‬
‭b. Dimensionality reduction‬
‭c. Classification‬
‭d. Regression‬

‭ hat are the biases in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The values that are used to determine the activation function of the neural network‬
‭b. The values that are adjusted in the forward pass‬
‭c. The values that are adjusted in the backward pass‬
‭d. The values that are used to determine the output of the neural network‬

Z‬
‭ hat is the main goal of the backpropagation algorithm?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. To maximize the accuracy of the model‬
‭b. To minimize the accuracy of the model‬
‭c. To maximize the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭d. To minimize the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
EN
‭ hat is the Quickprop algorithm used for?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Data visualization‬
‭b. Machine learning‬
‭c. Neural network training‬
‭d. Data analysis‬

‭ ow does the RProp algorithm handle local minima in the optimization process?‬
H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It gets stuck in local minima‬
‭R

‭b. It avoids local minima by using a dynamic learning rate‬

‭c. It avoids local minima by using a fixed learning rate‬
‭d. It avoids local minima by using a predetermined set of learning rates‬

‭ hat is a disadvantage of using a Q-learning algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It requires a large amount of data‬
‭b. It can learn from its mistakes and improve over time‬
‭c. It cannot handle high-dimensional data‬
‭d. It cannot handle continuous state spaces‬

‭ ow does the Quickprop algorithm improve upon traditional gradient descent algorithms?‬
H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It uses a smaller learning rate‬
‭b. It uses a fixed learning rate‬
‭c. It uses a variable learning rate‬
‭d. It uses a larger learning rate‬

‭ hat is the process of adding additional layers to a backpropagation network called?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Regularizing‬
‭b. Deepening‬
‭c. Tuning‬
‭d. Optimizing‬

‭ hat is a linear regression algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A tree-like model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭b. A clustering algorithm used in unsupervised learning‬
‭c. A model used to make predictions in supervised learning by fitting a linear equation‬

Z‬
‭to the data‬
‭d. A neural network used in deep learning‬

‭ hat is the RProp algorithm's learning rate update rule?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The learning rate is updated based on the difference between the current and previous‬
‭iteration's weights‬
EN
‭b. The learning rate is updated based on the difference between the current and previous‬
‭iteration's Hessian matrix‬
‭c. The learning rate is updated based on the difference between the current and‬
‭previous iteration's gradient‬
‭d. The learning rate is updated based on the difference between the current and previous‬
‭iteration's error‬

‭ hat is an input alphabet?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The set of transitions that a state machine can make‬
‭b. The set of states that a state machine can be in‬
‭R

‭c. The set of inputs that a state machine can receive‬

‭d. The set of outputs that a state machine can produce‬

‭ hat is the error function in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The function that calculates the error between the predicted output and the actual‬
‭output‬
‭b. The function that adjusts the weights and biases in the backward pass‬
‭c. The function that adjusts the weights and biases in the forward pass‬
‭d. The function that determines the activation function of the neural network‬

‭ hat are the components of a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. States, outcomes, and rewards‬
‭b. States, actions, and costs‬
‭c. States, actions, and rewards‬
‭d. States, outcomes, and costs‬

‭ hat is the backward pass in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The process of predicting the output of the neural network based on the input data‬
‭b. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬
‭c. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬
‭d. The process of calculating the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬

‭ hat is a logistic regression algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A tree-like model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭b. A linear model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭c. A clustering algorithm used in unsupervised learning‬

Z‬
‭d. A model used for classification tasks by predicting the probability of an event‬
‭occurring‬

‭ hat is the hidden layer in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The layer that is visible to the user and processes the input data‬
‭b. The layer that determines the activation function of the neural network‬
EN
‭c. The layer that is not visible to the user and processes the input data‬
‭d. The layer that produces the final output of the neural network‬

‭ hat is the main characteristic of the RProp algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It uses a dynamic learning rate‬
‭b. It uses a stochastic gradient descent‬
‭c. It uses a predetermined set of weights‬
‭d. It uses a fixed learning rate‬

‭ hat is the output layer of a feedforward neural network called?‬

W
‭R

‭Select one:‬
‭a. Input layer‬
‭b. Hidden layer‬
‭c. None of the above‬
‭d. Output layer‬

‭ hat is a decision tree?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A tree-like model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭b. A neural network used in deep learning‬
‭c. A linear model used to make predictions in supervised learning‬
‭d. A clustering algorithm used in unsupervised learning‬

‭ hat is an action in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A possible outcome of an action‬
‭ . A representation of the past situation‬
b
‭c. A representation of the current situation‬
‭d. A representation of the future situation‬

‭ ow is a state transition function typically represented?‬

H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. As a table or matrix‬
‭b. As a function of state and input‬
‭c. As a set of differential equations‬
‭d. As a graph or network‬

‭ ow does the RProp algorithm handle local minima in the optimization process?‬
H
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It avoids local minima by using a dynamic learning rate‬

Z‬
‭b. It avoids local minima by using a fixed learning rate‬
‭c. It avoids local minima by using a predetermined set of learning rates‬
‭d. It gets stuck in local minima‬

‭ hat is the process of using a backpropagation network for classification tasks called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Classification‬
EN
‭b. Regression‬
‭c. Dimensionality reduction‬
‭d. Clustering‬

‭ hat is the Quickprop algorithm used for?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Machine learning‬
‭b. Data analysis‬
‭c. Data visualization‬
‭d. Neural network training‬
‭R

‭ hat is the input layer of a feedforward neural network called?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Hidden layer‬
‭b. Input layer‬
‭c. None of the above‬
‭d. Output layer‬

‭ hat is a disadvantage of using a Q-learning algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. It can learn from its mistakes and improve over time‬
‭b. It requires a large amount of data‬
‭c. It cannot handle high-dimensional data‬
‭d. It cannot handle continuous state spaces‬

‭ hat is the main advantage of the Quickprop algorithm over the backpropagation algorithm?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭ . It is faster to converge‬
a
‭b. It is more efficient‬
‭c. It is less sensitive to initialization‬
‭d. It is more accurate‬

‭ hat is a policy in a Markov decision process (MDP)?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A set of rules for selecting actions and states‬
‭b. A set of rules for selecting states in a given action‬
‭c. A set of rules for selecting actions in a given state‬
‭d. A set of rules for selecting outcomes‬

‭ hat is the forward pass in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬

Z‬
‭a. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬
‭b. The process of predicting the output of the neural network based on the input data‬
‭c. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬
‭d. The process of calculating the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬

‭ hat is an example of a system that uses a state transition function?‬

W
EN
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A traffic light control system‬
‭b. A temperature control system‬
‭c. All of the above‬
‭d. A door lock system‬

‭ hat is a state in reinforcement learning?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The entity that receives rewards or punishments and learns from them‬
‭b. The current condition or situation of the agent‬
‭c. The predicted outcome of an event‬
‭R

‭d. The environment in which the learning takes place‬

‭ hat is an agent in reinforcement learning?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The labeled data used to train the model‬
‭b. The entity that receives rewards or punishments and learns from them‬
‭c. The environment in which the learning takes place‬
‭d. The predicted outcome of an event‬

‭ hat are the hidden layers of a feedforward neural network called?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Output layers‬
‭b. Hidden layers‬
‭c. None of the above‬
‭d. Input layers‬
‭ hat is the process of evaluating a feedforward neural network on a set of validation data‬
W
‭called?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. All of the above‬
‭b. Training‬
‭c. Validation‬
‭d. Testing‬

‭ hat is a nondeterministic finite state machine?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. A finite state machine that has a unique current state for each combination of next state‬
‭and input‬
‭b. A finite state machine that has multiple possible next states for each combination‬
‭of current state and input‬

Z‬
‭c. A finite state machine that has multiple possible current states for each combination of‬
‭next state and input‬
‭d. A finite state machine that has a unique next state for each combination of current state‬
‭and input‬

‭ hat is the process of adjusting the weights and biases of a backpropagation network‬
W
‭called?‬
EN
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Optimizing‬
‭b. Training‬
‭c. Validating‬
‭d. Testing‬

‭ hat is the bias update rule in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬
‭b. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬
‭c. The mathematical formula that is used to update the biases based on the gradient‬
‭R

‭descent‬
‭d. The process of minimizing the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬

‭ hat is the process of finding the optimal policy in a Markov decision process (MDP) called?‬
W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Policy optimization‬
‭b. Markov optimization‬
‭c. Bellman optimization‬
‭d. Dynamic programming‬

‭ hat is the gradient descent in the backpropagation algorithm?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the forward direction‬
‭b. The process of adjusting the weights and biases in the backward direction‬
‭c. The process of minimizing the error between the predicted output and the actual‬
‭output‬
‭d. The process of maximizing the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬

‭ hat is an output alphabet?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. The set of transitions that a state machine can make‬
‭b. The set of outputs that a state machine can produce‬
‭c. The set of inputs that a state machine can receive‬
‭d. The set of states that a state machine can be in‬

‭ hat is the process of applying an activation function to the dot product of the input layer‬
W
‭and the weights called?‬
‭Select one:‬
‭a. Forward propagation‬
‭b. None of the above‬

Z‬
‭c. Backpropagation‬
‭d. Activation‬

‭ hat is the backpropagation algorithm used for?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. All of the above‬
‭b. To find the optimal weights and biases of a neural network‬
EN
‭c. To optimize the activation function of a neural network‬
‭d. To classify data using a neural network‬

‭ hat is the goal of the backpropagation algorithm in each iteration?‬

W
‭Select one:‬
‭a. To maximize the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭b. To minimize the error between the predicted output and the actual output‬
‭c. To maximize the error between the predicted output and the actual output in each iteration‬
‭d. To minimize the error between the predicted output and the actual output in each‬
‭iteration‬
‭R

‭ hat is the "kernel trick" in the context of support vector machines?‬

W
‭a. A method for identifying the support vectors‬
‭b. A method for selecting the optimal kernel function‬
‭c. A method for tuning the hyperparameters of the model‬
‭d. A method for avoiding the computation of the dot product between the input data‬

‭ hat is breadth-first search (BFS)?‬

W
‭a. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in order of their distance‬
‭from the root‬
‭b. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in a random order‬
‭c. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in order of their depth‬
‭d. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in order of their‬
‭breadth‬

‭ hat is a uniformed combinatorial search algorithm?‬

W
‭a. A search algorithm that uses heuristics to guide the search‬
‭ . A search algorithm that uses machine learning to guide the search‬
b
‭c. A search algorithm that uses randomness to guide the search‬
‭d. A search algorithm that explores all possible solutions in a systematic way‬

‭ hat is depth-first search (DFS)?‬

W
‭a. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in a random order‬
‭b. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in order of their distance‬
‭from the root‬
‭c. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in order of their‬
‭depth‬
‭d. A uniformed combinatorial search algorithm that expands nodes in order of their breadth‬

‭ hat is a support vector regression machine?‬

W
‭a. A support vector machine that is used for classification‬

Z‬
‭b. A support vector machine that is sensitive to the scale of the input variables‬
‭c. A support vector machine that is sensitive to the presence of outliers‬
‭d. A support vector machine that is used for regression‬

‭ hat is a kernel in the context of support vector machines (SVMs)?‬

W
‭a. A mathematical function that measures the similarity between data points‬
‭b. A mathematical function that transforms data into a higher dimensional space‬
EN
‭c. A mathematical function that optimizes the separation of data into different categories‬
‭d. A mathematical function that measures the distance between data points‬

‭ hat is a kernel function in the context of support vector machines?‬

W
‭a. A function that computes the distance between the input data and the support vectors‬
‭b. A function that maps the input data into a higher-dimensional space‬
‭c. A function that optimizes the margin maximization problem‬
‭d. A function that predicts the class labels of the input data‬

‭ hat is a support vector in the context of support vector machines?‬

W
‭a. A data point that lies on the margin boundary‬
‭R

‭b. A data point that is used to define the decision boundary‬

‭c. A data point that is classified correctly‬
‭d. A data point that maximizes the margin‬

‭ hat is a multi-class support vector machine?‬

W
‭a. A support vector machine that can handle multiple classes of data‬
‭b. A support vector machine that uses a linear kernel function‬
‭c. A support vector machine that can handle data with a high number of dimensions‬
‭d. A support vector machine that uses a non-linear kernel function‬

‭ hat is a non-linear support vector machine?‬

W
‭a. A support vector machine that uses a non-linear kernel function‬
‭b. A support vector machine that is sensitive to the presence of outliers‬
‭c. A support vector machine that uses a linear kernel function‬
‭d. A support vector machine that is sensitive to the scale of the input variables‬
‭ hat is a support vector machine used for?‬
W
‭a. Classification‬
‭b. Clustering‬
‭c. Dimensional reduction‬
‭d. Regression‬

‭ hat is a linear support vector machine?‬

W
‭a. A support vector machine that uses a linear kernel function‬
‭b. A support vector machine that is sensitive to the scale of the input variables‬
‭c. A support vector machine that uses a non-linear kernel function‬
‭d. A support vector machine that is sensitive to the presence of outliers‬

‭ hat is a soft margin in the context of support vector machines?‬

W
‭a. A margin that is sensitive to the scale of the input variables‬

Z‬
‭b. A margin that allows some misclassification‬
‭c. A margin that is computed using the kernel function‬
‭d. A margin that is optimized using the hinge loss function‬

‭ hat is a support vector machine?‬

W
‭a. A type of artificial neural network‬
‭b. A type of linear regression model‬
EN
‭c. A type of supervised learning algorithm‬
‭d. A type of decision tree algorithm‬
‭R