COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: COIMBATORE-641 014.
(Government Aided Autonomous Institution)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
B.E. (EEE) – IV SEMESTER
19EE43 – MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
I Mid-Semester (Part-Time)
ANSWER KEY
Time: 2.30 Hrs Maximum Marks: 60
1. Answer ALL questions in PART A and PART B
2. Answer as per choice in PART
Q. PART – B (10*2 = 20 marks)
No.
1.
2.
3.
4. Power flows through transmission lines based on the lines' impedances rather than ownership or contracts. In a
meshed transmission system with three lines, inserting a thyristor-controlled series capacitor in one line can
enhance stability by adjusting power flows and damping oscillations.
5.
6.
7.
8. dynamic stability is enhanced;
voltage profiles are improved;
net reactive power consumption is reduced (the line's I2X consumption is offset by the capacitor's I2X reactive
power production)
9. The TCR stands for Thyristor controlled reactor. In the electric power transmission system, the TCR is a resistance
which is connected in series through the bidirectional thyristor valve. The thyristor valve is phase-controlled and it
gives the delivered reactive power should be adjusted to meet the varying system condition.
The TSC stands for the Thyristor switch capacitor. It is an equipment used for compensating the reactive power in
the electrical power system. The TSC consists of a capacitor which is in series connected to the bidirectional
thyristor valve, and also it has the reactor or an inductor.
10. If the residual capacitor voltage is equal to or higher than the peak of the applied AC voltage, then switch the TSC
at the peak of the AC voltage, at which the thyristor valve voltage is at its minimum.
Part - C (4X10 = 40 marks)
11. a
b
12
13 a
b
14 a
b
15
16 TCR
TSC
17
Use of thyristor control in series capacitors potentially offers the following little-mentioned advantages:
1. Rapid, continuous control of the transmission-line series-compensation level.
2. Dynamic control of power flow in selected transmission lines within the network to enable optimal power-
flow conditions and prevent the loop flow of power.
3. Damping of the power swings from local and inter-area oscillations.
4. Suppression of subsynchronous oscillations. At subsynchronous frequencies, the TCSC presents an
inherently resistive–inductive reactance. The subsynchronous oscillations cannot be sustained in this situation
and consequently get damped.
5. Decreasing dc-offset voltages. The dc-offset voltages, invariably resulting from the insertion of series
capacitors, can be made to decay very quickly (within a few cycles) from the firing control of the TCSC
thyristors.
6. Enhanced level of protection for series capacitors. A fast bypass of the series capacitors can be achieved
through thyristor control when large over voltages develop across capacitors following faults. Likewise, the
capacitors can be quickly reinserted by thyristor action after fault clearing to aid in system stabilization.
7. Voltage support. The TCSC, in conjunction with series capacitors, can generate reactive power that
increases with line loading, thereby aiding the regulation of local network voltages and, in addition, the
alleviation of any voltage instability.
8. Reduction of the short-circuit current. During events of high short-circuit current, the TCSC can switch from
the controllable-capacitance to the controllable-inductance mode, thereby restricting the short-circuit currents.
18 a
b
