Elevator System

‫نظام المصعد‬

Designed by

Eng. M. Mohamedein Maghraby

1 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 Content :

1. flow chart of the Arduino based four floors elevator.

2. The Block Diagram of the Elevator Control System.

3. Used electronic component and circuit schematic in proteus.

4. Arduino Code.

2 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 START

Microcontroller Set the cabin

Read the requested floor

Requested != current ? No

Yes

No
Requested > current ?

Yes
Rotate the motor in the Rotate the motor in the
up direction down direction

No Requested = current ?

Stop the motor

END
Figure 1) flow chart of the Arduino based four floors elevator system

3 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 +12V DC
Power Supply

+5V DC

Sensors
(limit switchs) H-Bridge
Arduino Uno
L293D Driver
ATmega328p
Microcontroller
Floor Buttons
(KeyPad)
DC Motor

LCD 16x2 Cabin

Figure 2) The Block Diagram of the Elevator Control System

4 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 Figure 3) Electronic component and circuit
schematic in proteus

5 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 Arduino Code

#include <Keypad.h>

#include <Wire.h>

//include the Liquid Crystal I2C libaray version:1.1

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

////define kepad parameters

const byte ROWS = 4; //keypad rows number

const byte COLS = 3; //keypad columns number

char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {

{'1','2','3'},

{'4','5','6'},

{'7','8','9'},

{'*','0','#'}

};

byte rowPins[ROWS] = {3, 2, 1, 0}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad

byte colPins[COLS] = {6, 5, 4}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

Keypad keypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS );

////end of kepad definition

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display

char CurrentFloor ; // inicate the current state of the elevator 1 means 1st Floor

char RequestedFloor; // the requested floor that the elevator need to go to. 0 means no request.

6 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 //sensors (limit switchs) at every door to insure that the specified floor

//is accessed by the elevator.

byte Sensor1=7; // limit switch for presence of elevator at the 1st Floor

byte Sensor2=8; // limit switch for presence of elevator at the 2nd Floor

byte Sensor3=9; // limit switch for presence of elevator at the 3rd Floor

byte Sensor4=10; // limit switch for presence of elevator at the 4th Floor

byte MovingUpLED = A1; // indicator led for moving down using anlaog pin in digatal mode

byte MovingDownLED = A0; // indicator led for moving up using anlaog pin in digatal mode

// declare the Motor pins

byte MotorPin1 = 12;

byte MotorPin2 = 13;

byte MotorSpeed = 11; //use PWM pin (11) to set motor speed

//password for 4th floor authentication

char password[] = {'1', '2' , '3', '4'};

void setup()

// initialize the lcd

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

// initialize the motor pins as output

pinMode(MotorPin1, OUTPUT);

7 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 pinMode(MotorPin2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(MotorSpeed, OUTPUT);

// assign the Floor accessing sensors as input

pinMode(Sensor1,INPUT);

pinMode(Sensor2,INPUT);

pinMode(Sensor3,INPUT);

pinMode(Sensor4,INPUT);

// assign the indicators' leds as output.

pinMode(MovingUpLED, OUTPUT);

pinMode(MovingDownLED, OUTPUT);

//initialize motor statue

digitalWrite(MotorPin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(MotorPin2, LOW);

digitalWrite(MotorSpeed, 0);

//turn off motion led indicator for no motion

digitalWrite(MovingUpLED, LOW);

digitalWrite(MovingDownLED, LOW);

CurrentFloor = '1';

RequestedFloor=-1;

void loop()

8 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 {

CurrentFloor = checkCurrentFloor();

// display a message on the LCD to indecate the current Floor of the elevator

printCurrentFloor();

//listen to floor requests.

RequestedFloor = keypad.getKey();

// check if a valid key presssed

if ((RequestedFloor =='1' || RequestedFloor =='2' || RequestedFloor =='3'|| RequestedFloor =='4' ))

manipulateRequest(); // excute the function to manipulate request.

////////////////////// End of Void Loop

//////////////////////////

/////aiding functions

//////////////////////////////

//fuction used to move the elevator based on the requested floor.

void manipulateRequest()

//authenticate the usere if requesting the 4th floor

if(RequestedFloor == '4')

9 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 if (!checkPassword()) // reset the request and end if the password is wrong

RequestedFloor = -1; // reset requests

return ; // end function excution.

if( RequestedFloor > CurrentFloor ) // if requesting upper floor

while(RequestedFloor > CurrentFloor) // don't break untill reaching the destination

up(); // move up as long as the currentfloor < requested floor

digitalWrite(MovingUpLED, HIGH); // light the moving up green LED indicator

//update the reached current floor by checking the sensors while moving.

CurrentFloor = checkCurrentFloor();

// display the status of the reached current Floor

printCurrentFloor();

////// floor request interrupt while moving up

char NewReqFloor = keypad.getKey(); // get the interrupting floor request

// if the interrupting floor request is valid

if ( NewReqFloor > CurrentFloor && NewReqFloor < RequestedFloor )

RequestedFloor = NewReqFloor; //if valid then change the destination.

10 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 else if( RequestedFloor < CurrentFloor ) // if requesting down floor

while( RequestedFloor < CurrentFloor ) // don't break untill reaching the destination

down(); // move down as long as the CurrentFloor > Requested floor

digitalWrite(MovingDownLED, HIGH); // Light the moving down RED LED indicator

//update the reached current floor by checking the sensors while moving.

CurrentFloor = checkCurrentFloor();

// display the status of the reached current Floor

printCurrentFloor();

////// floor request interrupt while moving up

char NewReqFloor = keypad.getKey(); // get the interrupting floor request

//byte NewReqFloor = (byte)String(rf).toInt(); // convert char to byte

// if the interrupting floor request is valid

if ( NewReqFloor < CurrentFloor && NewReqFloor > RequestedFloor )

RequestedFloor = NewReqFloor; //if valid then change the destination.

///////////// End of the Floor request

stop(); // stop moving

digitalWrite(MovingUpLED, LOW);

digitalWrite(MovingDownLED, LOW);

11 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 RequestedFloor = -1; // reset requests

//moving up the elvator (forward motor direction)

void up()

digitalWrite(MotorPin1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(MotorPin2, LOW);

analogWrite(MotorSpeed, 125); // run on half speed

//moving down the elvator (backward motor direction)

void down()

digitalWrite(MotorPin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(MotorPin2, HIGH);

analogWrite(MotorSpeed, 125); // run on half speed

void stop()

digitalWrite(MotorPin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(MotorPin2, LOW);

analogWrite(MotorSpeed, 0);

//check for the reached currentFloor by checking the limit switchs

12 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 //in every floor and return the currnt value

char checkCurrentFloor()

if( digitalRead(Sensor1))

return '1';

else if( digitalRead(Sensor2))

return '2';

else if( digitalRead(Sensor3))

return '3';

else if( digitalRead(Sensor4))

return '4';

else

return CurrentFloor; // latch last state

//perform authetication and return true if authenticated

bool checkPassword()

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Enter password!");

byte counter = 0;

char pass[4]; // temp password array to store the entered password

13 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 while(counter < 4) // listen for the kepad

char key = keypad.getKey();

if(key)

pass[counter] = key; // store the temp input password digit.

lcd.setCursor(counter,1);

lcd.print(key); // show the entered digit two the user on the LCD

delay(300);

lcd.setCursor(counter,1);

lcd.print('*'); // hide the entered digit after a while with "*".

counter++;

for (int i=0; i<sizeof(pass); i++)

if (pass[i] != password[i]) // if one element voilate equality exit.

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Wrong Password");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("rerequest floor");

delay(500);

14 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 lcd.clear();

return false;

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Authenticated");

delay(500);

lcd.clear();

return true; //return true if all the element are equal.

//lcd display aiding function

void printCurrentFloor()

lcd.setCursor(3,0);

lcd.print("You are on");

lcd.setCursor(2,1);

if(CurrentFloor == '1')

lcd.print("the " + String(CurrentFloor) + "st Floor");

if(CurrentFloor == '2')

lcd.print("the " + String(CurrentFloor) + "nd Floor");

if(CurrentFloor == '3')

lcd.print("the " + String(CurrentFloor) + "rd Floor");

15 M. Mohamedein Maghraby
 if(CurrentFloor > '3')

lcd.print("the " + String(CurrentFloor) + "th Floor");

16 M. Mohamedein Maghraby