ORAL COMMUNICATION
Lesson: Communicative Strategies
These are techniques on how to deal with difficulties encountered when communicating.
KINDS OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
1. Nomination
● A speaker carries out a nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.
● Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are
talking to.
● When this strategy is used, the topic is introduced in a clear and truthful manner, stating
only what is relevant to keep the interaction focused.
● Suggesting or agreeing on a topic.
Examples:
➔ “Did you feel the earthquake last night?”
➔ “There will be a year-end party at our workplace."
2. Restriction
● Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
● Excluding all other topics and focusing only on one topic.
● This strategy constraints or restricts the response of the other person involved in the
communication situation.
● The listener is forced to respond only within a set of categories that is made by the speaker.
Examples:
➔ In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure.
➔ When you were asked to deliver a speech in a specific language.
3. Turn-Taking
● It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.
● Giving others the chance to speak.
● It uses either an informal approach or a formal approach.
● Recognizing when and how to speak because it is one’s turn requires that each speaker
speaks only when it is his/ her turn during interaction.
Examples:
➔ “Can we all listen to the one who talks in front of us?”
➔ “Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time, so we can clearly understand
what we want to say about the topic.”
ORAL COMMUNICATION
Lesson: Communicative Strategies
➔ “Go on with your ideas. I'll let you finish first before I say something.”
4. Topic Control
● Sticking to one topic throughout the discussion.
● Covers how procedural formality and informality affects the development of topics in
conversation.
● This only means that when a topic is initiated, it should be collectively developed by
avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts.
● Keeping the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting a response.
● This is simply a question-answer formula that moves the discussion forward. This also allows
the listener or other participants to take turns, contribute, ideas, and continue the
discussion.
● Developing the conversation.
Example:
➔ “One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the importance of sports
and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”
5. Topic Shifting
● As the name suggests, it involves moving from one topic to another. In other words, it is
where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins.
● It is introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic.
● It is also a strategy that is useful in introducing another topic.
● This strategy works best when there is follow-through so that new topics continue to be
discussed.
Examples:
➔ “By the way, there's a new shop opening at the mall.”
➔ “In addition to what you said about the beautiful girl, she is also smart.”
6. Repair
● It refers to how a speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. It is overcoming
communication breakdown to send more comprehensible messages.
● Use of transitional devices.
ORAL COMMUNICATION
Lesson: Communicative Strategies
Examples:
➔ “Excuse me, but there are 5 Functions of Communication, not 4.”
➔ “I'm sorry, the word should be pronounced as pretty not priti.”
7. Termination
● It refers to the conversation of participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a
conversation.
● It uses verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction.
● It ends the interaction through verbal and nonverbal messages that both Speaker and
Listener send to each other.
● Sometimes the Termination is quick and short. Sometimes it is prolonged by clarification,
further questions, or the continuation of the topic already discussed, but the point of the
language and body movement is to end the communication.
● Concluding cues.
Examples:
➔ “Best regards to your parents! See you around!”
➔ “It was nice meeting you. Bye!”
➔ “That is all for today's class, goodbye!”
