Engineering

Design DSN2096
Unit3: Engineering
Design Approaches
Design Approaches
Configuration Design
• In configuration design the shape and general dimensions of components are
established.

• The term component is used in the generic sense to include special-purpose

parts, standard parts, and standard assemblies.

• The arrangement of features includes both the location and orientation of the
geometric features

Four possible physical

configurations for a
component (right-angle
bracket) whose purpose is
to connect two plates at
right angles to each other

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Configuration Design
• A standard part is one that has a generic function and is manufactured routinely
without regard to a particular product.

• A special-purpose part is designed and manufactured for a specific purpose in a

specific product line.

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Configuration Design

• An assembly is a collection of two or more parts.

• A subassembly is an assembly that is included within
another assembly or subassembly.
• A standard assembly is an assembly or subassembly
that has a generic function and is manufactured
routinely
Example: electric motors, pumps, and gearboxes

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Configuration Design Steps
1. Review the product design specification and any specifications developed for the
particular subassembly to which the component belongs.

2. Establish the spatial constraints that pertain to the product or the subassembly being
designed (product architecture).

3. Create and refine the interfaces or connections between components. (product

architecture). Much design effort occurs at the connections between components.

4. Before spending much time on the design, answer the following questions: Can the part
be eliminated or combined with another part? Studies of design for manufacture (DFM)
show that it is almost always less costly to make and assemble fewer, more complex parts
than it is to design with a higher part count.

5. Can a standard part or subassembly be used? While a standard part is generally less
costly than a special-purpose part, two standard parts may not be less costly than one
special-purpose part that replaces them.
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Configuration Design Steps
The configuration design is developed from
the functions and it strongly depends on the
availability of the materials and production
techniques that would be used to create the
form from the material. Usually the decisions
about the design of a component cannot
proceed further without making the decisions
about the material from which the product (or
the components) will be made and the
manufacturing process that will convert a raw
material to a functional part of component or
product. There is a close interrelationship
among the functions and form and the
dependency between the material and the
method of production which is schematically
shown below

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Parametric Design
The parametric design is primarily concerned with the specific values and attributes of
various design elements that are found in the configuration design. These are also known
as design variables.

The design variable is an attribute of a part whose value is under the control of the designer.
These typically include dimensions or tolerances, material, shape, manufacturing processes,
assembly and finishing processes, and so on that must be undertaken to create the part.
The objective of parametric design is setting values for the design variables that will produce
the best possible design considering both the performance and the manufacturability.

Failure mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA):

By performing FMEA we can determine all possible ways by which the components can
possibly fail in service and establish the effects of the failure on the system thus improving
the performance and quality of the product.

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Detailed Design
Product Design Specification: The product design specification, or PDS, should contain
all the facts relating to the product. It should not lead the design by presupposing the
outcome, but it must contain the realistic constraints on the design. Mainly we look into
the following aspect while writing PDS.
1. Performance
2. Environment (during manufacture, storage and use)
3. Target Product Cost
4. Competition
5. Materials
6. Quantity and Quality
7. Standards
8. Aesthetics and ergonomics
9. Market Constraints
10. Company Constraints
After finalizing the PDS we can go for engineering drawing to generate the blue print of
the product

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Design Features
Aesthetic Design

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What is Aesthetic Design
Aesthetic is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, beauty and taste,
with the creation or appreciation of beauty.

Good looking products and user interface are perceived as more valuable and
having more qualities.

Aesthetics are in all our senses, not just the sight.

There are 4 important categories, which can make or break the aesthetics of our
designs.
Vision: Visual aesthetics have these key elements: Colour, Shape, Pattern, Line,
Texture, Visual weight, Balance, Scale, Proximity and Movement. Using these element
well will help us achieve good visual aesthetics.
Hearing: Sound aesthetics have these key elements: Loudness, Pitch, Beat, Repetition,
Melody, Pattern and Noise
Touch: Material aesthetics are especially important for physical products.
Taste and Smell: Key elements are: Strength, Sweetness, Sourness and Texture (for
taste)

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Adequate and Optimum Design
Adequate design refers to satisfying function requirement with undesirable effect being
kept in a tolerable limit.

Optimal or optimum design refers to the selection of the most suitable of all feasible
designs. Optimization is the process of maximizing the desired quantity and minimizing
the undesired one.

Objectives of Optimum Design:

Fulfill the functional
requirements

Selection of best possible

option from alternatives

Maximize desirable effect and

minimize undesirable effect

Reach best solution without

doing repetitive work

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Service Design Process

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Principles of Service Design
User-Centered
People are at the center of the service design.

Co-Creative
Service design should involve other people, especially those who are part of
a system or a service.

Sequencing
Services should be visualized by sequences, or key moments in a
customer’s journey.

Evidencing
Customers need to be aware of elements of a service. Evidencing creates
loyalty and helps customers understand the entire service experience.

Holistic
A holistic design takes into account the entire experience of a
service. Context matters.

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Thanks!

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