Environmental
Studies
Module-1 QB
Question Bank
Introduction to Ecology
Ecosystems (Structure and Function): Forest, Desert, Wetlands, River, Oceanic
and Lake.
Biodiversity: Types, Value; Hot-spots; Threats and Conservation of
biodiversity, Forest Wealth, and Deforestation.
Course Coordinators: Dr Yajnheswaran Bhagithimar
Mr Ajeeth B
Mr Rohith Prakash Veigas
Ms Sinchana K
Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
1. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word _______ which means to
encircle or surround
a) Environ b) Oikes c)Geo d) Aqua
2. The objective of environmental education is
a) Raise consciousness about environmental conditions
b) To teach environmentally appropriate behaviour
c) Create an environmental ethic
d) All of the above
3.Which desert is known for its expansive sand dunes?
a) Sahara Desert b)Sonoran Desert Gobi Desert d)Mojave Desert
4. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the least storage
capacity for matter?
a) Atmosphere b) Lithosphere c) Hydrosphere d) Biosphere
5. Which of the following components of the environment are effective transporters of
matter?
a ) Atmosphere and Hydrosphere b) Atmosphere and Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere and Lithosphere d) Biosphere and Lithosphere
6. Biosphere is
a) The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b) The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of earth comprising of all the
living things
c) The sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all of the spheres
d) all of the above
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
7. Atmosphere consists of 78 per cent Nitrogen and 21 per cent Oxygen by
a ) Volume b) weight c) Density d) All the three
8.Identify the correct order of the Food Chain from the options provided. 2 1 7
a) Grass – Chameleon – Insect –Bird
b) Grass – Fox – Rabbit – Bird
c) Phytoplankton – Zooplankton – Fish
d) Fallen leaves – Bacteria –Insect larvae
9. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
a) Fungi b) solar light c) temperature d) humidity
10. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is
a) Bidirectional b) Cyclic c) Unidirectional d) Multidirectional
11. Which Pyramid is always upright?
a ) Energy b) biomass c) numbers d) food chain
12. In complex ecosystems the degree of species diversity is
a) Poor b) high c) medium d) none
13. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called
a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Decomposers d) Saprophytes
14. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called
a ) Food Chain b) carbon cycle c) hydrological cycle d) anthropo system
15. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?
a) Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food b)Animals
c) Human beings d) Fish
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
16. Which of the following statements is false?
a) Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b) Energy ‘flows’ through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c) Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d ) Respiration process releases energy
17. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is
a) Oceans b) Atmosphere c) biosphere d) Fossil fuels
18. in aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton can be considered as a
a) Consumer b) producer c) Saprotrophic organisms d) Macroconsumer
19. The basic requirements of human beings are provided by
a) Industrialisation b) Agriculture c) Nature d) Urbanisation
20. Environment is the life support system that includes
a)Air b)Water c)Land d) All of the above
21. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by
a ) Producer b) Consumer c) Decomposer d) All of the above
22. Organisms which feed directly or indirectly on producers are called
a)Prey b) Consumers c)Decomposers d)Detritus
23. The primary producers in a forest ecosystem are
a) Chlorophyll containing trees and plants b) Herbivores
c) Carnivores d) Bacteria and other microorganisms
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
24. Abiotic component includes
a) Soil b) Temperature c) Water d) All of the above
25. Which of the following statement is true?
a) Green plants are self nourishing b) Producers depends on consumers
c) Biotic components includes all non-living components d) None
26. Primary consumer is
a ) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Macro consumers d) Omnivores
27. A predator is
a) An animal that is fed upon b ) An animal that feeds upon another animal
c) Animal that feeds upon both plants and animals d) A primary consumer
28. Access to food is mainly determined by
a) Household income b) Food assistance programmes
c) Human resources d) Society/Community
29. The word ‘Environment’ is derived from
a) Greek b) French c) Spanish d) English
30. Which among the following is a climatic factor?
a) Pressure b) humidity c) temperature d) all of the above
31. The major atmospheric gas layer in stratosphere is
a) Hydrogen b) Carbon dioxide c) Ozone d) Helium
32. Which atmospheric sphere is closest to the earth surface?
a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Mesosphere d) Exosphere
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
33. Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?
a) Forest b) Grass land c) Desert d) All of the above
34. Ecological pyramids are studies of
a) Pyramid of numbers b) Pyramid of biomass c) Pyramid of energy d) All
35. World Environment day is on
a) 5th May b) 5th June c) 18th July d) 16th August
36. Factors responsible for balanced ecosystem are
a) Balance between predator and prey
b) Balance between vegetation, herbivorous and carnivorous
c) Balance between competing species and biotic factors
d) All of the above
37.Identify the Biodiversity hotspots in India
a) Western Ghats b) Easter Himalayas c) Indo-Burma Region d) All of the above
38. Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide b) Water c) Nutrients d) All of above
39. Habitat refers to
a) Physical conditions of the place where organisms live
b) Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live
c) Both a & b
d) None of a or b
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
40. Essential component of social security are
a) Meeting personal growth and development
b) Maintaining natural capital
c) Fairness and equity in distribution of costs of resources.
d) Community resilience
41. Socio – economic security in environmental aspects involves
a) Fairness & equity in distribution costs for complete existing generation
b) Welfare of the present generation
c) Intra and inter generational equity of resources
d) All of the above
42. A food web consists of
a) a portion of a food chain b) an organisms position in a food chain
c) interlocking food chains d) a set of similar consumers
43.The perfect equilibrium existing in the biosphere between the various organisms is known
as
a) Environmental balance b) Ecological balance c) Ecological cycle d) None of these
44. Which of the following statements are true?
a) Man is not dependent on nature
b) Resources are unlimited, so one can use them as per one’s wish.
c) Energy can be converted from one form to another, but some percentage is lost
into the environment
d) Matter can be generated afresh. It need not be recycled or reused.
45. Which of the following conditions must be fulfilled to ensure food security?
a) Food must be available b) Each person must have access to it
c) Food utilized/consumed must fulfill nutritional requirements d) all of the above
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
46. The word ‘ecology’ (Ökologie) was coined in 1866 by :
A. Charles Darwin
B. Robert Whittaker
C. Arthur Tansley
D. Ernst Haeckel
47. Karnataka state pollution control board was established in the year,
a) 1974 b) 1982 c) 1936 d) 1990
48. Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?
a) Forest b) Grass land c) Desert d) All
49. Major activities that is carrying environmental change is
a) Agriculture b) Industry c) Urbanisation d) All
50. Sustainability requires
a) Conservation of resources
b) Minimizing depletion of non-renewable resources
c) Using sustainable practices for managing renewable resources
d) All
51. Which resources are inexhaustible?
a) Renewable b) Fossil fuel c) Non-renewable d) Mineral
52. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the ___ level.
(A) genetic
(B) species
(C) ecosystem
(D) all of the above
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
53. A biodiversity hotspot
(A) is a region with a high level of endemic species
(B) that have experienced great habitat loss
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) none of the above
54. Which one of the following areas in India, is a hotspot of biodiversity?
a) Sunderbans
b) Western Ghats
c) Eastern Ghats
d) Gangetic Plain
55. Which of the following state has got largest forest in the country?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Arunachal Pradesh
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Maharashtra
56.Which of it is not an example for an terrestrial ecosystem.
a) Forest b) Desert c) Water d) Grassland.
57.The factor responsible for stable ecosystem are balance between.
a) Predators & Pray b) Vegetation, Herbivores & carnivores. c) Competing species & Biotic
factor d) All the above
58.Important physical factor responsible for a good habitat of a organism.
a) Light b) Temperature c) Humidity d) All the above
59. Which of the fallowing is not a prominent chemical responsible for a good habitat.
a) O2 b) CO2 c) SO2 d) Nutrients
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
60. --------is termed as the life zone of the earth.
a) Atmosphere b) Hydrosphere c) Biosphere d) Stratosphere.
61. An ecosystem is a region in which (II-2008)
a) Dead organism interacts with their environment
b) Living organism do not interact with their environment
c) Living organism interact with their environment
d) All the above.
62. The term ecosystem was first proposed by(II-2008)
a) Jacob van verkul b) A G Transley c) Costraza d) Marie Gibbs.
63. The two major components of ecosystem are (II-2008)
a) Adiabatic & Isotropic b) Ecologic & climatologic
c) Cyclic & biologic d) Abiotic & biotic.
64. Biotic component of the environment does not include
(A) Micro-organism system
(B) Plant system
(C) Animal system
(D) Soil system
65.Which Pyramid is always upright?
a) Energy b) Biomass c) Numbers d) Food Chain
66. Lichens are the best indicator of
(A) Noise pollution (B) Soil pollution (C) Water pollution (D) Air pollution
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
67. Solar radiation plays the most important role in the
(A) Water cycle (B) Nitrogen cycle (C) Carbon cycle (D) Oxygen cycle
68. Which one of the following is related to ozone formation?
(A) Photosynthesis process (B) Photochemical process (C) Chemosynthesis process
(D) Hydrolysis process
69.Which atmospheric sphere is closest to the earth surface?
a) Stratosphere b) Troposphere c) Mesosphere d) Exosphere
70. The natural residence of every organism is known as:
A. Biome B. Niche C. Habit D. Habitat
71. What is the name of the feature that allows organisms to survive in the conditions of its
habitat?
A. Adjustment B. Adaptation C. Acclimatisation D. Aaptive Variation
72. Wide variety of living organisms is called:
A. Biodiversity B. Population C. Habitat D. Diversity
73. Animal adopt a similar state like sleep to reduce their metabolic rate, it is called:
A. Migration B. Transpiration C. Hibernating D. None of These
74.What are the primary causes of deforestation?
a)Urbanization and Industrialization b)Climate change mitigation
c)Conservation efforts d)Agriculture, logging, and infrastructure development
75. Hyenas and Vultures are ________________.
A. Omnivorous B. Scavengers C. Carnivorous D. Herbivorous
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
76. A mutual relationship between two organisms, where both of them are benefitting from
watch other is called:
A. Mutualism B. Symbiosis C. Parasitism D. Food chain
77. ________ group of species exploits the biotic and abiotic resources in the same way.
A. Community B. Ecads C. Biomes D. Guild
78. Which is/are the abiotic components of an ecosystem?
A. Soil B. Protein C. Carbon D. All of the above
79. The set of ecosystems is called ______________.
A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Biosphere D. None of the above
80. The greenhouse effect in the atmosphere is produced due to:
A. Absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere
B. Absorption and re-emission of ultraviolet radiation by the atmosphere
C. Absorption and re-emission of visible light by the atmosphere
D. Absorption and re-emission of visible light by clouds
81. The reason of soil pollution is ________________.
A. Ozone
B. Aerosol
C. PAN
D. Acid rain
82. __________ is not generally seen in biodiversity hotspots.
A. Endemism B. Species richness C. Loss of diversity D. Lesser interspecific competition.
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
83.Who introduced the concept of biodiversity hotspot?
a) Christopher Columbus b) Norman Myers c) Charles Darwin d) None of these
84.The term ecosystem was first proposed by
a) JacobVan Verkul b) A.G. Tansley c) Costanza d) Tyler Miller
85. Global warming can significantly be controlled by _____________
A. Increasing solid waste B. Reducing water wastage C. Burning human-generated waste
D. Reducing fossil fuel consumption
86. _______ is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank
A. Species B. Genus C. Class D. Order
87. 500 different plant species can be found in one forest patch in
(a) Eastern Ghats (b) Amazon (c) Chhattisgarh (d) North American plains
88. Deforestation refers to
(a) planting of trees (b) cultivation of crops (c) disappearance of forests (d) depletion of
forests
89. Forests were categorised by the Forest Act of
(a) 1865 (b) 1906 (c) 1927 (d) 1878
90. The best forests were
(a) protected forests (b) village forests (c) state forests (d) reserved forests
91. Imperial Forest Reserve Institute was set up in
(a) Dehradun (b) Mussourie (c) Bangalore (d) Simla Bangalore
92. Food chain is divided into ---------basic categories (II-2008)
a) Four b) Three c) Five d) seven
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Environmental Studies Module-1 QB
93. The transfer of energy & nutrients from one feeding group of organization to another
in a series is called. (II-2008)
a) Energy chain b) Food Chain c) Balanced ecosystem d) Food Web
94. The factor responsible for stable ecosystem are balance between.
a) Predators & Pray b) Vegetation, Herbivores & carnivores.
c) Competing species & Biotic factor d) All the above.
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