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FACULTY OF CRIMINOLOGY
COURSE OUTLINE
Course Code FORENSIC 3
Course Title Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology
Course 5 (3 units lecture and 2 units laboratory)
Unit(s)
Instructor Dr. Amalia F. Pioquid
Consultation
Time 1:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M. Wednesdays (Annex Campus)
Course This course deals with the application of the principles of chemistry in the identification of
Description evidence. It includes collection, preservation, examination and study of blood, semen and
other body fluids for DNA, gunpowder and explosives, hair and textile fibers, chemical aspects
of document examinations, problems of glass fragments and glass fractures, moulage,
metallurgy, petrography as applied to crime investigation, study of nature, physiological
action, chemical and physical properties, dosage, treatment and detection of poisons and
provides means in the solution of problems in connection with the administration of justice.
Additional topics also includes marijuana, surface anatomy, fire and arson, and dangerous
drugs are also discussed.
The course also includes some laboratory activities that supplement the concepts for the
enhancement of skills in forensics.
Course 1. apply the role of forensic chemistry in law enforcement administration public safety,
Outcomes criminal justice and human rights;
2. evaluated serological samples for final documentation of evidence;
3. distinguished hair and fibers;
4. deduced bodies of crime;
5. analyzed suspect/s based on gunshot residues and explosives evidence;
6. evaluated arson;
7. distinguished samples of glass evidence;
8. compared moulage to impression evidence;
9. applied the basics of metallurgy in criminal investigation; and
10. evaluated cases on toxicology and Illegal drugs.
Course PRELIM PERIOD
Content
1. Introduction
Definition and Scope of Forensic Chemistry
Practice of Forensic Chemistry
Role of Forensic Chemist in the Scientific Investigation
Golden rules in the Practice of Forensic Chemistry
Equipment Used in the Forensic Examination
Development of Scientific Crime Laboratory in the Philippines
2. Scientific Evidence
What are Scientific Evidence
Forms of Scientific Evidence
Preservation and Safekeeping of Evidence
3. Witness
Ordinary vs Expert Witness
Probative Value of Expert Testimony
4. Marijuana
Description of Marijuana
Page 1 of 5
Names Associated with Marijuana
Microscopic Examination of Marijuana Andico, Joemar Gellin F.
Effects of Marijuana in the Body Anat, Dexiree May B.
Physical Signs of Marijuana User
5. Forensic Serology and Blood Stain Pattern Analysis
Serology and its History
Blood and Components of Blood
Importance of the study of blood
Blood Characterization Arguelles, Darren B.
Spot Test/ Preliminary test Betita, John Pol M.
Confirmatory test
Precipitin test
Blood grouping test
Bloodstain Pattern
6. Semen & Seminal Stain Braulio, Ella Vera T.
Semen and its Composition
Cardama, Carl Benedic
Morphology of a Spermatozoa
Collection, Preservation, Packaging and Transit of Semen Stained Specimen
Examination of semen and seminal stains
MIDTERM PERIOD
7. Hair and Textile Fibers
7.1. Introduction to Hair Study as Evidence
7.2. The structure of the hair
Casimero, Cris T.
7.3. Comparison between Human & Animal Hair
7.4. Examination of Hair and Textile Fibers Casimero, Richel T.
7.5. Textile Fibers
7.6. Classification of textile fibers
7.7. Methods of fiber identification
8. DNA Analysis
8.1. What is DNA?
8.2. Biological Sources of DNA samples Colas, Guillermo III Z.
8.3. Advantages of DNA Analysis
8.4. Cases where DNA Analysis is Done Delgado, Giemar N.
8.5. Guidelines for the Collection, Documentation & Preservation of Sample
Evidence for DNA Analysis
8.6. How DNA Typing is Done?
8.7. The Science of DNA Typing
9. Surface Anatomy/ External Examination of the Person’s Body
9.1. Introduction to Surface Anatomy
9.2. Body Temperature
9.2.1. Algor Mortis
Estolas, Cairon Jaziz T.
9.2.2. Rigor Mortis
9.2.3. Livor Mortis Fernandez, Kim Ashlhey O.
9.2.4. Time Frame of Death
9.3. Post-Mortem Lividity
9.4. Decomposition
9.5. Role of a Death Investigator
Performance Presentation of Scientific Evidence
Task
PRE-FINAL PERIOD
10. Gunpowder and Gunshot Residues
10.1. Description of gunpowder and Gunshot Residue
Francisco, Jenilyn C.
Gubaton, Stacy T. Page 2 of 5
10.2. Components of Gunshot Residue
10.3. Gunshot Reside Examination
10.3.1. Purpose
10.3.2. Types of Powder Used in the Ammunition of Small Firearms
10.4. Detection of Gunshot Residue/ Methods of Examination
10.4.1. Paraffin Test
10.4.2. Other Chemical Test for Gunpowder Residues
10.4.3. Factors that Affect the Presence and Amount of Gunpowder
Residue
10.4.4. How to Determine the Probable Gunshot Range
10.4.5. Entrance and Exit Holes
11. Explosives and Explosion
11.1. Description of explosives and explosion
11.2. Types of explosives Maatubang, Lian Braille R.
11.3. Classification of explosives Macabantad, Paula Faye L.
12. Fire and Arson Investigation
12.1. Definition of Fire and Arson
12.2. Purpose of Fire/ Arson Investigation
12.3. Technical Aspect of Arson Cases Macahilig, Russel O.
12.4. Combustion, Nature, and Behavior of Fire Magtuloy, Herlen Piper
12.5. Propagation of burning.
12.6. Basic Lines of Inquiry in the investigation of arson.
12.6.1. Origin
12.6.2. Motive
12.6.3. Identification of prime suspect
12.6.4. Identification of fire setter
13. Glass & Glass Fragments and Fractures
13.1. Definition and composition of glass
13.2. Analysis of glass
13.3. Glass as Evidence of Crime
Melgar, Ashley R.
13.4. How Glass Breaks Nacar, Sim Andrie M.
13.5. Analysis of Glass from Vehicles
13.6. Analysis of Broken Windows
13.7. Broken Window Caused by Bullet Holes
13.8. Broken Window Caused by Fist or Stone
14. Chemical Aspect of Document Examination
14.1. Document and Questioned Document
14.2. Packing, Preservation, and Transportation of Documents
14.3. The Examination of Questioned Documents
14.3.1. The Examination of Paper
14.3.2. The Four Test for Paper Examination
14.4. The Analysis of Ink
14.4.1. Types of Ink Nidua, John Carlo T.
14.4.2. Test for Ink Ostan, Nicolas Ernest Blaise
14.5. Other Aspect of Document Examination P.
FINAL PERIOD
Page 3 of 5
15. Moulage and Other Casting Techniques
15.1.Definition of Moulage & Impression
15.2.Casting Materials
15.3.Casting Methods Sabanal, John Dave D.
15.4.Shoe Prints
15.5.Tire Marks Tambong, Jan Ramsel A.
15.6.Tool Impressions
16. Metallurgy as Applied to Crime Detection
16.1. Definition of Metallurgy and Metallography
16.2. Application of metallurgy in criminal investigation
16.3. How are Counterfeit Coins Made Tejada, Jayrald E.
16.4. Tampered Serial Numbers Temporado, Precious R.
16.5. Etching Fluids (Macro-Etching Examination)
16.6. Principle Involved in the Restoration of Tampered Serial Numbers
17. Soil (Petrography as Applied to Crime Detection)
17.1. Definition of petrography.
17.2. Soil & Types of Soil Tranca, Leanne Mae D.
17.3. Collection & Submission of Soil Villanueva, Andrex F.
17.4. Constituents of Soil
17.5. Analysis of Soil
17.6. Application of Soil Analysis to Scientific Crime Detection
17.7. Dust & Dirt
17.8. Composition of Dust
17.9. Classification of Dust
17.10. Collection & Submission of Dust & Dirt
17.11. Analysis of Dust & Dirt
18. Forensic Toxicology
18.1. Toxicology & Poison
18.2. Importance of Toxicology
18.3. Types of Poisons
18.4. Types of Poisoning
18.5. Evidence of Poisoning
18.6. Methods of Examination
18.7. Four Elements of Poisoning
18.8. Classification of Poisons
18.8.1. Based on origin
18.8.2. According to chemical properties
18.8.3. Based on physical form or property
18.8.4. According to physiological action
18.8.5. According to their effects on the body/ target sites
18.9. Factors in Determining the Dissolution Rate
18.10. Mode of Administration
18.11. Dose and Types of Dose
18.12. Antidotes and Kinds of Antidotes
18.13. Causes of Death in Poisoning
19. Examination of Dangerous Drugs
19.1. Republic Act 9165
19.2. Drug Identification
19.3. Forms of Dangerous Drugs
19.4. Phases in the Examination of the Alleged-confiscated Dangerous
Drugs
19.5. Examination of the Urine Specimens
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Performance Moot Court
Task
References 1. Dascil-Cañete, A.M. (2018). Forensic chemistry and toxicology: An essential
tool in effective criminal justice system. Wiseman’s Book Trading: Philippines.
2. Francisco, F. M. (2018). Laboratory manual in forensic chemistry. Wiseman’s
Books Trading, Inc.; Quezon City.
3. “Hair and Fiber Analysis”. http://suite101.com/article/forensic-fiber-analysis-
a66907. .
4. “Investigating deaths”. https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca.;
https://alberta,ca.; https://intechopen.com.; http://researchgate.net.
accessed March 2020.
5. “Marijuana”. http://drugs-abuse.blogspot.com/2007/06/lab-analysis-of-
marijuana.html. .
6. “Marijuana”. https://www.medicalnewstoday. accessed November 2019.
7. “Seminal analysis”.
http://www.forensicindia.com/pgteaching/semen&seminalfluid.htm.
Basis of LECTURE: LABORATORY:
Grading 1. Quizzes (10%) 1. Laboratory Reports – 50%
2. Activities (20%) 2. Performance Task – 50%
3. Written Test (20%) ====
4. Task Performance (50%) Total: 100%
=====
Total: 100%
GRADE COMPUTATION: (Lecture x 3 units + Laboratory x 2 units)/ 5
Cumulative: 30% Midterm Grade
70% Final grade
Other
Requirements
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