ELECTROLYTES ELECTROLYTES (continuation) ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS

 Sodium (Na+) = 135 – 150 mmol/L  Total Calcium (Ca2+):  pH = 7.35 – 7.45
 Na+, CSF = 136 – 150 mmol/L o (A) = 2.15 – 2.50 mmol/L
 Na+, Urine = 40 – 220 mmol/day  pO2 = 80 – 100 mmHg
o (A) = 8.6 – 10 mg/dL
 pCO2 = 35 – 45 mmHg
 Potassium (K+) = 3.5 – 5.2 mmol/L  Ionized Calcium (Ca2+):  O2 Saturation = ≥ 98%
 Plasma K+: o (A) = 1.16 – 1.32 mmol/L
o (M) = 3.5 – 4.5 mmol/L  HCO3- = 22 – 26 mEq/L
o (A) = 4.6 – 5.3 mg/dL
o (F) = 3.4 – 4.4 mmol/L  Total CO2 = 23 – 37 mmol/L
 K+, Urine = 25 – 125 mmol/day  Ca2+, Urine = 2.50 – 7.50 mmol/day
 Base Excess = (-2) to (+2)
 Chloride (Cl-) = 98 – 107 mmol/L  Inorganic Phosphate (PO4-):
 Cl-, Urine = 110 – 250 mmol/day o (A) = 0.78 – 1.42 mmol/L
o (A) = 2.4 – 4.4 mg/dL
 Magnesium (Mg) = 1.2–2.1 mEq/L  PO4-, Urine = 13 – 42 mmol/day
 Serum Osmolality:
 Bicarbonate (HCO3-) = 22–26 mEq/L
o 275 – 295 mOsm/kg
 Anion Gap = 10 – 20 mmol/L
*All values are normal adult ranges
* All values are normal adult ranges

VENOUS BLOOD GAS ENZYMES ENZYMES (continuation)

 pH = 7.31 – 7.41  Creatine Kinase (CK)  GGT:
 pO2 = 35 – 40 mmHg o (M) = 46 – 171 U/L o (M) = 6– 55 U/L
 pCO2 = 41 – 51 mmHg o (F) = 34 – 145 U/L o (F) = 5 – 38 U/L
 O2 Saturation = ≥ 75%  CK-MB = < 5% total CK  Amylase = 28 – 100 U/L
 HCO3- = 22 – 26 mEq/L  AST = 5 – 30 U/L  Lipase = 0 – 1 IU/mL
 Total CO2 = 23 – 37 mmol/L  ALT = 7 – 45 U/L  G6PD = Up to 0.18 U/L
 Base Excess = (-2) to (+2)  ALP:
o (M) = 53 – 128 U/L
o (F) = 42 – 98 U/L
 LDH = 125 – 200 U/L
 β-NP = < 100 pg/mL
 ACP:
o (M) = 2.5 – 11.7 U/L
o (F) = 0.3 – 9.2 U/L
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT Complete Blood Ct. (continuation) OTHER HEMATOLOGIC TESTS

 MCV = 80 – 100 fL  RBC Count: (x10^12/L)  Serum Iron = 50 – 160 uL/dL

 MCH = 26 – 32 pg o (M) = 4.20 – 6.00  Total Iron BC = 250 – 400 uL/dL
 MCHC = 32 – 36 g/dL o (F) = 3.80 – 5.20  Transferrin Saturation = 20 – 55%
 RDW = 11.5% - 14.5%
 Retic Count: = 20 – 115 (x10^9/L)  Retic Count: = 20 – 115 (x10^3/uL)  Serum Ferritin:
 Retic (%) = 0.5 – 2.5% o (M) = 40 – 400 ng/mL
 Hematocrit (Hct):
 WBC = 3.6 – 10.6 (x10^9/L) o (F) = 12 – 160 ng/mL
o (M) = 40 – 54%
o (F) = 35 – 49%  NEUT = 1.7 – 7.5 (50 – 70%)
 Serum Vit. B12 = 200 – 900 pg/mL
 LYMPH = 1.0 – 3.2 (18 – 42%)
 Hemoglobin (Hgb):  Serum Folate = > 4.0 ng/mL
 MONO = 0.1 – 1.3 (2 – 11%)
o (M) = 13.5 – 18.0 g/dL  RBC Folate = > 120 ng/mL
 EO = 0 – 0.3 (1 – 3%)
o (F) = 12.0 – 15.0 g/dL  Haptoglobin = 30 – 200 mg/dL
 BASO = 0 – 0.2 (0 – 2%)
 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate:  Platelets = 150 – 450 (x10^9/L)  Hemoglobin Fraction:
o (M) = 0 – 15 mm/hr.  MPV = 7.0 – 12.0 fL o Hb A = > 95%
o (F) = 0 – 20 mm/hr. o Hb F = 0 – 2.0%
o Hb A2 = 0 – 3.5%

*All values are normal adult ranges *All values are normal adult ranges *All values are normal adult ranges

GLUCOSE LIPID PROFILE PLASMA PROTEINS

FASTING:  Total Cholesterol = 140–200 mg/dL  Pre-Albumin = 18 – 45 mg/dL
o Desirable = <200 mg/dL  Albumin = 3.5 – 5.0 g/dL
 Normal = 70 – 99 mg/dL  Globulin = 2.3 – 3.5 g/dL
o Border = 200–239 mg/dL
= 3.9 – 5.5 mmol/L
o High = >240 mg/dL  α1-Antitrypsin = 145 – 270 mg/dL
 Impaired = 100 – 125 mg/dL  α-Fetoprotein = 5 ng/mL
= 5.6 – 6.9 mmol/L
 HDL-C = 40 – 75 mg/dL  α1-Antichymotrypsin = 30–60 mg/dL
 DM = ≥ 126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L)
 LDL-C = 50 – 130 mg/dL  Hemopexin = 50 – 115 mg/dL
ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE:  GC Globulin = 2.0 – 5.5 mg/dL
 Triglyceride (TAG):  Haptoglobin = 26 – 185 mg/dL
 Normal = ≤140 mg/dL (≤7.8 mmol/L)  Ceruloplasmin = 18 – 45 mg/dL
 Impaired = 140 – 199 mg/dL (7.8-11.1 mmol/L)
o Normal = <150 mg/dL
o Border = 150-199 mg/dL  α2-Macroglobulin = 150–420 mg/dL
 DM = ≥ 200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L)
o High = 200 - 499 mg/dL  β2-Microglobulin = 0.2 – 2.8 ug/dL
DIABETES MELLITUS: o Very High = >500 mg/dL  Transferrin:
 RBS = ≥ 200 mg/dL o (M) = 215 – 365 mg/dL
 FBS = ≥ 126 mg/dL o (F) = 250 – 380 mg/dL
 2 hr. PP = ≥ 200 mg/dL  Fibrinogen = 200 – 400 mg/dL
 HbA1c = ≥ 6.5%  C-Reactive Protein = <1.0 mg/dL
*All values are normal adult ranges *All values are normal adult ranges
*All values are normal adult ranges
PLASMA PROTEINS (continuation) KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS

 Total Proteins:  Creatinine Clearance:  Platelet Estimate:

o 6.5 – 8.3 mg/dL (ambulatory) o (M) = 85 – 125 mL/min.
o 6.0 – 7.8 mg/dL (recumbent) o (F) = 75 – 112 mL/min.
0 – 49,000 u/L Marked decreased
50,000 – 99,000 u/L Moderate decreased
 α1-globulin = 0.1 – 0.3 mg/dL  Cystatin C: 100,000 –149,000 u/L Slight decreased
= 2.5 – 5% o (Adult) = 0.5 – 1.0 150,000 –199,000 u/L Low Normal
o (>65 yrs.) = 0.9 – 3.4 200,000 –400,000 u/L Normal
 α2-globulin = 0.6 – 1.9 g/dL 401,000 –599,000 u/L Slight increase
= 7 – 13% 600,000 –800,000 u/L Moderate increase
 BUN = 8 – 23 mg/dL (2.9 – 8.2 mmol/L) Above 800,000 u/L Marked increase
 β-globulin = 0.7 – 1.1 g/dL  Significant PLT Levels:
= 8 – 14%  Creatinine:
o (M) = 0.9 – 1.3 mg/dL Less than 100,000 u/L Abnormal Low
 γ-globulin = 0.8 – 1.6% 30,000 – 50,000 u/L Bleeding possible with
= 12 – 22% o (F) = 0.6 = 1.1 mg/dL trauma
Less than 30,000 u/L Spontaneous bleeding
Less than 5,000 u/L Severe spontaneous
 Blood Uric Acid (BUA): bleeding
o (M) = 3.5 – 7.2 mg/dL
o (M) = 0.21–0.43 mmol/L
o (F) = 2.6 – 6.0 mg/dL
*All values are normal adult ranges o (F) = 0.16 – 0.36 mmol/L
*All values are normal adult ranges
*All values are normal adult ranges

PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS (continuation)

LABORATORY LABORATORY
 Capillary Fragility Test:

Grade Petechiae REFERENCE REFERENCE

VALUES
+1 0 – 10 Few petechiae
+2
+3
+4
10 – 20
20 – 50
> 50
Many petechiae
Multiple petechiae
Confluent petechiae
VALUES
 Bleeding Time:
o Dukes = 2 – 4 minutes GARCIA, ROUELE MARTIN V. GARCIA, ROUELE MARTIN V.
o Ivy = 1 – 7 minutes

 Glass Bead Column Test:

o Normal = 25% retention
o Abnormal = < 25%

 Clot Retraction:
o Castor Oil = 15 – 45 mins.
o McFarlane = 44 – 67%

*All values are normal adult ranges