Artificial Intelligence

(Part A)
Class 9
 Part A (Employability Skills)
Unit 1 (Communication Skills)
Chapter 1: Methods of Communication
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Facial Expression
2. Feedback
3. Visual aids
4. Written
5. Non-Verbal
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Following are the advantages of oral communication:
 It is interpersonal and helps in building relationships.
 It encourages involvement in teamwork and decision-making process.
Limitations of oral communication are listed below:
 In this form of communication, emotions are visible and hence can lead to miscommunication.
 It has no legal validity.
2. Body language may support or contradict a message. For example, when you congratulate someone
on their success with a smile, it shows you are genuinely happy for the other person. Whereas the
absence of a smile does not express your emotions.
3. Visual communication involves usage of Visual aids like graphs, diagrams, models, etc., which make
oral communication more meaningful. The use of visual aids grabs the attention of the students and
keep them engaged. They also make complex data easy to comprehend and retain information
longer.
4. Prateek should use e-mail as a channel to share the marking criteria for the final project with his
teammates. E-mail facilitates written communication which is the most suitable mode of
communication for formal and lengthy messages. It keeps the record of the communication, and the
receivers can also use it for reference.
5. Following are the disadvantages of Non-verbal communication:
 It is difficult to analyse a non-verbal message, thus leaving a greater possibility of distortion of
information.
 In non-verbal communication, long conversation and necessary explanations are not possible.

Chapter 2: Communication Cycle

A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Feedback
2. Environmental
3. Communicational Channel
4. Receiver
5. Listening
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Communication is the process of transferring or sharing of information between two or more
people. It is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding.
2. Effective communication has the following features:
 Mutually accepted code, i.e., a common language.
 A message should be clear.
 Listening to others
 response from the receiver
 3. The barriers to effective communication are- Environmental Barriers, Situation Barriers, and
individual Barriers.
 Situational Barriers are the factors like Distance, Noise, and Distractions cause unnecessary
disruption in the communication process. For example, loud music and noise from generators or
other machinery.
 Individual Barriers include Attitudinal, Linguistic Ability, Inattention, and Emotional State of the
sender as well as receiver.
4. Sidhant should be aware of the Environmental barriers like instruments, lighting, room condition,
etc.
Situational Barriers are the factors like Distance, Noise, and Distractions cause unnecessary
disruption in the communication process. For example, loud music and noise from generators or
other machinery.
Individual Barriers include Attitudinal, Linguistic Ability, Inattention, and Emotional State of the
sender as well as receiver.

Chapter 3: Perspectives in Communication

A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Prejudice
2. Attitude
3. Past Experiences
4. Assertive
5. Categorise
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Perspective has influenced my behaviour towards others in the past. For example, a new boy joined
our class, and I quickly formed a judgement that he was not very bright or active since he was very
quiet. Later, I realised that he was very intelligent, and he was only quiet because he was nervous on
his first day of school. In another instance, I was feeling scared to talk to a teacher who was popular
for being very strict. But, after talking to her I realised she was kind. I had formed an opinion based
on other student’s past experiences.
2. I once attempted to answer a question in the class and my classmates started giggling. The next time
the teacher asked a question I hesitated and did not raise my hand. Later I found out that they were
laughing at something else, and I felt conscious for no reason and missed out on the opportunity to
respond to the teacher’s question.
3. The environment can influence peoples' mood and motivation to act, and therefore can facilitate or
discourage interactions among people. For example, the environments that are familiar provide us
with safety and security, but also the right amount of stimulus to act.
4. Visual Perspective

Chapter 4: Basic Writing Skills

A. Select the correct option.
1. a. More formal and less flexible
2. c. 7C’s of Communication
3. b. Sentence
4. c. Empirical
5. a. Predicate

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Subject
2. Imperative
3. Predicate
4. Adjective
 5. Concluding
6. Interjection

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Following are the examples of four kinds of sentences:
 Assertive sentence- I study in class IX.
 Imperative sentence- Have a great day!
 Exclamatory sentence- It is such a beautiful painting!
 Interrogative sentence- How are you doing?
2. A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. For example, ‘The book is
on the table’. The word ‘on’ describes the relationship between the book and the table.

3. Interjection refers to a word or phrase that expresses a strong emotion. They are usually followed by
an exclamation sign'!', for example, Ouch! In the absence of non-verbal cues in the written form of
communication, an interjection helps to show the emotion or feeling of the author.
4. Indefinite Articles ('A' and 'An') are used before Singular Countable Nouns (SCN) to indicate that the
noun they precede does not refer to any person or thing. Usually, these articles are used to
introduce new concepts. For example, ‘a book’ refers to any book and not a specific book.
5. Following are the rules for writing a paragraph:
 Give the paragraph unity.
 Keep the paragraph short.
 Make use of topic sentences.
 Leave out unnecessary details.
 Give the paragraph movement.
 End the paragraph with a concluding sentence.
E. Competency based questions.
1. A paragraph is usually judged on the following criteria:
 Introduction (Including Title)
 Support/Explanation. This is further divided into-
o Content
o Expression (Fluency, Grammar, and Spelling)
o Sequencing
 Conclusion
2. The correct sentence is, 'I bought an HD television set'. While writing the indefinite articles, the
initial sound is important and not the spelling. The word HD begins with a consonant letter but have
vowel sound (ech). Therefore, it should have the article ‘an’ before it.

(Brain Developer)
Subjective Type Questions
Section B (Unsolved)
(Pages 36 to 38)
A. Short answer type questions.
1. An effective communication is a communication between two or more people where the intended
message is successfully delivered, received, and understood.
2. A barrier to effective communication is any factor, individual, situational, or environmental, that
prevents the receiver from receiving and understanding the message accurately.
3. Non-verbal Communication means communicating without the use of words, oral or written. The
different elements of non-verbal communication include Facial Expression, Gestures, Voice, Body
Language, Eye Gaze, Physical Contact, and Dress and Appearance.
 4. Verbal Communication involves the use of words in delivering the intended message. The two
primary forms of verbal communication are- Oral communication and Written communication.
5. The various factors affecting perspective in communication are – Visual perspective, Past
experiences, Attitude, Prejudice, Environment, Feelings, and Beliefs.

B. Long answer type questions.

1. Following are the impacts of effective communication on our lives-
 It encourages active participation in group discussions and cohesive teamwork.
 It helps in building relationships with others.
 It enables a leader to cultivate a sense of common goal among the team members and drive
them to work in a spirited manner.
 Ability to communicate effectively builds your confidence and equips you to respond and
articulate aptly in any situation.
 Effective communication helps in handling various conflicts or misunderstanding in an
organisation.
 Effective communication saves time and reduces stress and anxiety levels.
 It fosters success in professional and personal life.
2. Translation of an idea into a message by the source is called encoding. It is a significant element of
the communication cycle as encoding helps in the accurate interpretation of the message, thus
ensuring effective communication cycle. Encoding requires that the symbols or signs used must be
clear to both the sender and the receiver. While encoding a message, one needs to consider what
content to include, how the receiver will interpret it, and how it may affect one’s relationship. Thus,
encoding is guided by the nature and the purpose of the communication as well as the relationship
between the sender and the receiver.
3. Written communication involves sending messages in the form of written words to convey
information. Written communication is the most formal form of communication.
4. Non-verbal communication, like gestures, posture, etc., can be effectively used to enhance our
verbal communication. Non-verbal signs can convey thoughts and feelings in the absence of verbal
communication. Moreover, how we say something, is often more important than what we say as it
provides subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings. Unconscious gestures also convey one's
state of mind, for example, glancing at the
watch is interpreted as a sign of disinterest or a desire to leave the conversation.
5. ‘Our beliefs form a vicious cycle’ refers to phenomenon that beliefs shape our behaviour and our
communication style. Our communication style elicits responses from others and determines the
result of an interaction, and the reactions from others further reinforce our beliefs. For example, if
we believe that everybody should be treated with respect, then we will be respectful towards others
while communicating with them. That will elicit a respectful behaviour from others too. This
interaction will reinforce our belief that everyone should be treated with respect.

C. Competency based questions.

1. Aryan should consider the following elements of non-verbal communication while giving his speech:
facial expression, gestures, voice, body language, eye gaze, physical contact, dress and appearance
2. Past experiences
3. Sushant should use face-to-face (oral form) meeting for sharing his idea as the oral form of
communication. It helps in building interpersonal relationships. Also, it encourages involvement in
teamwork and decision-making process. However, he should use email (written form) to convey
working protocol as written communication. It allows the sender to thoughtfully draft clear and
comprehensive message. Also, it provides a permanent record, and the message cannot easily be
forgotten.
 4. Mr Sharma seems to be operating with ‘I’m Ok, You’re not OK’ life-position. In this position,
individuals perceive themselves as being okay while viewing others as not okay, leading to feelings
of superiority, judgment, and criticism towards others.
5. Visual Perspective

Unit 2 (Self-management Skills)

Chapter 5: Importance of Self-management
A. Select the correct option.
1. b. Specific
2. b. Time-bound
3. a. Organisation
4. a. Schedule
5. d. Solution-centred
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Organisation
2. Responsible
3. Procrastination
4. Solution-centred
5. Initiative
D. Answer the following questions.
1. Management is the art of planning, organising, directing, and controlling the resources and tasks,
efficiently and effectively, to achieve a goal assigned by someone else. While Self-management is
managing yourself to achieve the pre-determined tasks or goals that you have set for yourself by
regulating your actions, organising your time and being accountable for your decisions.
2. It is important to devise a realistic and time-bound plan. A time-bound target informs you whether
you are progressing at the right pace or not, and a realistic plan allows you to succeed in your efforts
and saves you from a false sense of failure.
3. A ‘measurable’ target means defining the target in quantifiable terms so that you can objectively
assess the success or failure. For example, rather than saying, ‘I will speed up my learning’, a more
measurable target would be, ‘I will speed up my learning’, a more measurable target would be, ‘I
will solve 20 Math problems in 2 hours’.
4. The practice of self-management benefits you in the following five ways:
 Makes you more organised.
 Instils discipline.
 Helps in attaining goals.
 Enhances self-confidence.
 Commands respect from others
5. I plan to apply and benefit from the following three organisational skill strategies in my life:
 Set SMART targets: I will be able to set realistic goals and assess my progress to ensure success in
achieving the set target.
 Prioritise and schedule: By prioritising and scheduling, I will be able to complete the important
tasks first.
 Learn to say ‘NO’: I will be able to avoid doing insignificant tasks that may hinder my progress and will be
able to focus your goal.
E. Competency based questions.
1. Sumit should learn to manage his time by following the following strategies:
Planning: A good work plan enables you to start being realistic about how much work you can take
on, how much time it will take, and what activities will it involve. Then organise your time
accordingly.
 Estimate time required for each task: Be realistic in estimating the time required to accomplish the
tasks as it helps you to plan effectively.
Prioritise and Schedule: Prepare your schedule to accommodate the planned tasks and other
activities. Prioritise your tasks based on importance and urgency while preparing your schedule.
Learn to say 'No': Always refer to your schedule and to-do lists before committing to new projects.
Spending the right time on right activity: Set a time limit to complete the task.
2. Aarti should adopt the following strategies to avoid procrastination:
 Acknowledge that she is procrastinating. The mere acknowledgement helps in curbing it.
 Prepare and refer to her to-do list. She should keep your to-do list displayed where she can see
it often.
 Refer to your to-do list often and promise to reward herself after completion of the task.
 Make it a habit of scheduling your more laborious tasks before more enjoyable tasks.

Chapter 6: Building Self-confidence

A. Select the correct option.
1. c. Overprotective Parenting
2. d. Both a and c
3. a. Emotional
4. d. Positive
5. c. Unprepared
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Self-confidence
2. Society
3. Overprotective
4. Culture
5. Threats

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Experience helps to raise confidence as it builds competence. Each incident of success takes the
self-confidence a step further. One also learns to overcome obstacles and handle failures in the
process.
2. A lack of confidence puts them in a vicious cycle, where the fear and unpreparedness prevent them
from succeeding, and the failure further reinforces their sense of inadequacy leading to low self-
confidence.
3. The attitude of parents toward their child creates the first significant impact on him especially in his
initial years of his life. For example, lack of love and attention, harsh physical and mental
punishments, and excessive criticism and derogatory remarks on a child's mistakes can break his
confidence, instil a fear of failure in him, and make him hesitant to take on challenges. On the other
hand, overprotective parenting style also hampers a child's self-confidence. Shielding a child
prevents him from facing any pain and struggle. It also prevents him from developing resilience and
coping with stress and failure. Therefore, a balanced approach to parenting is necessary to build a
child's confidence.
4. Self-confident people have the following attitudes: They have a positive outlook, are able to
recognise their strengths and accept their weaknesses at the same time. They rely on their own
ideas and beliefs rather than on others' opinions. Confident people accept their mistakes and learn
from it. They choose to focus on the opportunities to grow rather than concentrate on their
shortcomings. On the other hand, people with low confidence are fearful and anxious as they
depend on other people's approval and validation to feel good about their ideas. They tend to
focus on their shortcomings and do not feel motivated to bring about change or improvisation.
They are usually unprepared for their job and reluctant to deal with others.
 Unit 3 (Information and Communication Technology Skills)
Chapter 7: Introduction to ICT
A. Select the correct option.
1. (a) Online shopping
2. (d) Book
3. (d) All of these
4. (b) E-books

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. access
2. traditional
3. Tablets
4. One-to-many
C. Answer the following questions.
1. Television, Mobile phone, and email
2. ICT is used in the pharmaceutical sector for latest research and manufacturing. It helps in hospital
management, administration and it also helps the doctors and nurses to diagnose, treat, and
monitor patients. One can search for and learn about various diseases, their symptoms, cures, and
precautionary measures on the internet.
3. ICT is used in various workplaces for searching information, prospecting, research, and
development, designing.

Chapter 8: Components of Computer System

A. Select the correct option.
1. (b) HDD
2. (b) 1024 Giga Byte
3. (a) Register
4. (d) Central nervous system
B. Write T for true and F for false.
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
C. Answer the following questions.
1. Central Processing Unit controls all the internal and external devices of a computer and performs
arithmetic and logical operations.
2. There are three main components in a CPU.
Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU): ALU is the component of CPU, which performs the arithmetic and logical
operations on the operands.
Control Unit (CU): This unit controls the operation of every other component of a computer system.
It also controls the transfer of data and instructions among the various units of a computer.
Memory Unit (MU): The memory unit is the principal storage of the computer. It stores both data
and instructions.
3. A register is a very small data holding place in a computer processor. It holds an instruction, storage
address or data. There are various types of registers; each register performs a specific function.
Some most used registers are Accumulator (AC), Data Register (DR), Address Register (AR) and
Program Control (PC).
 4. The difference between RAM and ROM are:
RAM ROM
Stands for Random Access Stands for Read Only Memory.
Memory.
It is volatile in nature, i.e., the It is non-volatile in nature, i.e.,
data gets erased if the power the data is not lost even if the
supply is switched off. power supply is turned off.

It is temporary memory. It stores data permanently.

5. The smallest unit of memory is Bit (Binary digit) that can hold a single state - either 0 or 1. 1Bit (1b)
is the smallest unit of data. Other units are:
 Nibble: Group of 4 bits
 Byte: Group of 8 bits
 Kilo Byte: 1KB = 1024 Bytes
 Mega Byte: 1MB = 1024 KB
 Giga Byte: 1GB = 1024 MB
 Tera Byte: 1TB = 1024 GB
 Peta Byte: 1PB = 1024 TB

Chapter 9: Peripheral Devices

A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Sound
2. Powdered
3. Plotter
4. Platters
5. USB
B. Write T for true and F for false.
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
C. Answer the following questions.
1. Peripheral devices are internal and external devices that connect to the computer directly and add
functionality to it. They can be easily removed and plugged into a computer system. A few examples
of peripheral devices are:
 Optical disk drive
 Modem
 Bluetooth
 Memory card reader
2. Scanner is an input device that scans text, images, and objects optically. The scanned data is then
converted into a digital image and displayed on the computer screen.
There are three types of scanners. They are:
 Drum Scanner
 Flatbed Scanner
 Handheld Scanner
3. Monitor is the most common output device. It is also called Visual Display Unit (VDU), an electronic
visual display for computers. Just like a television, a monitor also displays the output on the screen.
 Monitors display pictures by dividing the display screen into thousands (or millions) of minute dots
called pixels, arranged in rows and columns. The pixels are so close together that they appear
connected.
4. HDD or Hard Disk Drive is the most common storage device for storing a large amount of data. Hard
disk is made up of a collection of disks known as platters. Each platter requires two read/write
heads one for each side. All the read/write heads are attached to a single access arm so that they do
not move independently. Each platter has the same number of tracks to store data.

Chapter 10: Basic Computer Skills

A. Select the correct option.
1. (a) Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2. (d) Protocol
3. (c) Web Browsers
4. (b) Domain
5. (a) Carbon copy
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Interface
2. HTML
3. URL
4. Static
5. Website, Webpage
C. Write T for true and F for false.
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
D. Answer the following questions.
1. Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that enables the users to share
information and various resources with each other. Some of the common uses of Internet are:
 Education
 E-mail
 Business
 E-Commerce
 Media and Entertainment
 Social Networking
 Forum
 Health and Fitness
2. Web browser is a software that is used to view websites. It is an interface between a user and the
World Wide Web. A web browser can have a graphical user interface or can be text-based. Some
popular web browsers are:
 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE)
 OPERA
 Apple Safari
 Microsoft Edge
 3. The Uniform Resource Locator denotes the global address of the web documents and the web
resource. Internet communication is the main reason for identifying a resource on the web. The URL
has two parts:
 Protocol identifier: It tells the Internet browser what protocol needs to be followed to access the
address.
 Resource name: It specifies the complete address of the resource on the internet.
Example: http://www.mygov.in
Here, http is protocol, and www.mygov.in is a resource name.
4. The two parts of an E-mail address are: username and domain name. E-mail address consists of two
parts, separated by @ symbol, i.e., username@domain name.domainextension.
Example: [email protected]
Username: Kipspublishingworld
Domain Name: Gmail
Domain extension: .com
Username is the name of a person’s account, which can be an actual name or an alphanumeric
string. Domain name is the location of the person’s account on the internet separated by a period.
Domain extension indicates the type of organisation and is specified after the domain name.
5. E-mail is more popular over conventional mails because of the following reasons:
 Cost effectiveness
 Time saving
 Secured and reliable network
 Accessible anywhere at any time
 Provides flexibility
 Easy to modify
 Privacy
(Brain Developer)
Subjective Type Questions
Section B (Unsolved)
(Pages 94 to 95)
A. Short answer type questions.
1. The three main components of a CPU are:
 Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
 Control Unit (CU)
 Memory Unit (MU)
2. A register is a very small data holding place in a computer processor. It holds an instruction, storage
address or data.
3. The two types of primary memory are: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only
Memory).
4. CPU speed is measured in Megahertz (MHZ).
5. The desktop is the primary user interface of a computer. It includes the desktop background (or
wallpaper) and icons of files and folders you may have saved to the desktop.
6. System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and
application programs.
7. Daisy Wheel Printers, Dot-Matrix Printers.
8. Recycle Bin is used by Windows computers to store deleted items. It temporarily stores files and
folders before they are permanently deleted.
B. Long answer type questions. (Unsolved)
1. Some ICT tools being used in the field of education are Desktop and laptops, Projector, Digital
cameras, Printer, Photocopier, Tablets, Popplet, Pen Drive, Web boards, Scanners, Microphones,
interactive white board, DVDs.
2. ICT provides a platform for interaction between the government and people through government
websites and apps. Services, such as tax payment, ordering LPG cylinders, enrolling for the electoral
process, paying for water and land bills, and finding information about different government
schemes has been made possible because of ICT.
3. Primary memory is a place where data and programs are stored temporarily as long as they are
being executed. It is very fast and expensive but has limited storage capacity. The primary memory
is of two types: RAM and ROM
4.
CRT LCD LED
CRT stands for Cathode LCD stands for Liquid LED stands for Light
Ray Tube Crystal Emitting Diode
Display
It is a tube coated with It is a thin, flat display It is a semiconductor diode
phosphorous in inner screen made up of any that emits incoherent
surface. When electrons number of colour or narrow-spectrum light
produced by e-gun come in monochrome pixels when electrically biased in
contact with phosphorous arrayed in front of a light the forward direction of
wall, light is produced by source or reflector. the p-n junction. This effect
virtue of which we can see. is a form of
electroluminescence.
It is generally used in TV It is often used in electronic It can be used as a regular
screens, monitors, etc. devices because it uses household light source.
very small amounts of
electric power.

5. Cache memory is a special high-speed memory which can either be inserted on a motherboard or
made a part of the CPU. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly
required to run programs, thus improving the overall system speed. Cache memory maximises the
system performance by reducing the time it takes for the CPU to access frequently used
instructions, lowering memory latency, enhancing CPU efficiency, reducing power consumption, and
providing a cost-effective solution for improving system speed.
6. Differences between primary and secondary memory.
Primary memory Secondary memory
The primary memory is categorized as The secondary memory is always a non-
volatile & non-volatile memories. volatile memory.
These memories are also called internal It is known as a Backup memory or
memory. Additional memory or Auxiliary memory.
Data is directly accessed by the Data cannot be accessed directly by the
processing unit. processor. It is first copied from
secondary memory to primary memory.
Only then CPU can access it.
It's a volatile memory meaning data It's a non-volatile memory so that that
cannot be retained in case of power data can be retained even after power
failure. failure.
 It holds data or information that is It stores a substantial amount of data and
currently being used by the processing information. Capacity is generally from
unit. Capacity is usually in 16 to 32 GB 200GB to terabytes.
Primary memory is costlier than Secondary memory is cheaper than
secondary memory. primary memory.
C. Competency based questions.
1. Deepak should use a scanner or a digital camera to input the pictures of his holidays in Shimla into
the computer.
2. Everyday Goods supermarket likely uses a barcode scanner as the input device to sense and read
the black stripes present on items for billing purposes.
3. Yes, Reena can retrieve the accidentally deleted files from her computer. She should check the
Recycle Bin on her Windows computer to see if the deleted files are located there. If they are, she
can restore them from the Recycle Bin.
4. For printing 100 copies of high-quality printouts of an important circular during the conference, the
manager should use a laser printer.

Unit 4 (Entrepreneurial Skills)

Chapter 11: Types of Business Activities
A. Select the correct option.
1. a. Entrepreneur
2. a. Sole Proprietorship
3. b. Takes risk to earn profits
4. b. Merchandising
5. a. Income tax exemption
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Cooperative
2. Hybrid
3. Service
4. Retail
5. Trading, Buy and Sell
D. Answer in one or two sentences.
1. Corporation
2. Partnership
E. Answer the following questions (Unsolved).
1. The benefits of studying entrepreneurship are:
 It helps to think about new business ideas.
 It helps to cultivate skills and knowledge for starting an enterprise.
 It develops business skills in areas such as finance, sales, marketing, management, and
accounting.
 It helps in the development of other skills such as adaptability, effective communication,
business discipline, and confidence.
2. Being legally responsible for a business is termed as ‘liability’. All forms of business ownership have
liabilities. Liability is an important factor because it defines the level of risk and profitability of the
business.
3. Sole Proprietorship:
 Owned by one person, who keeps all profits and is solely liable for debts.
 Easy to set up, low cost, often for small businesses.
 Limited capacity to raise capital.
Partnership:
  Owned by two or more persons who jointly invest.
 Expected higher growth rates, income splitting for tax saving.
 Easy to change legal status.
 Partners share profits and losses but have unlimited liability and joint decision-making.
 Risk of disagreements and friction among partners.
4. Corporations have many advantages including,
 They attract investors because shareholders of a corporation have limited liability, i.e., creditors
can only claim the assets of the corporation and not the personal assets of the stockholders for
the settlement of the corporation's debts or liabilities.
 Shares of the ownership are transferable, so the corporation continues to exist even if the
management changes.
F. Competency based questions.
1. Cooperative
2. Surabhi should opt for Sole Proprietorship because it involves minimum start-up cost and least
government regulation.

Chapter 12: Characteristics of Entrepreneurship

A. Select the correct option.
1. b. A process
2. c. Identification and evaluation of the opportunity
3. b. Initiative
4. d. Natural talents or inclinations
5. d. All of these
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Perseverance
2. Confidence
3. Capital
4. Creativity
5. Action
6. buy or sell/trading business
D. Answer in one or two sentences.
1. Integrity is the personal commitment to keep your promises, to do what you say you are going to
do.
2. Some aptitudes that could be useful in an entrepreneurial venture are- Artistic, Perceptive, Logical,
Perceptive, Logical, Mechanical, Spatial, Intellectual.
3. Some of the social benefits of entrepreneurship are-
 It helps reduce unemployment.
 It improves socio-economic status.
 It satisfies consumers’ needs
4. Optimism means to have a positive outlook and not to give up in difficult situations. It is an excellent
personal quality for an entrepreneur as it helps in bouncing back after a failure.
5. Background of a family business also influences entrepreneurship. Youngsters who belong to
business families often join their family business. They learn business skills from their elders. They
often evolve their business according to the changing culture and take it to greater heights. The
Ambani brothers (Mukesh and Anil Ambani) are good examples of this phenomenon.
E. Answer the following questions (Unsolved).
1. I possess the following characteristics that can help me become a successful entrepreneur:
 Identify business opportunities
 Foresee risks
 Hard work
 Perseverance
 Problem-solvers
2. I plan to start a Tiffin service for office going professionals. The four initial stages of the
entrepreneurship development process will be:
 Identification and evaluation of the opportunity- An increasing number of professionals living
away from families and decreasing trend of cooking at homes is raising demand for tiffin
services.
 Development of the business plan- Researching for number of potential customers, pricing,
dishes in demand, different delivery timings, packaging material and costs, and delivery method.
 Determination of the required resources- Raw material supplier, packaging material, cooking
space, utensils, gas connection, delivery personnel.
 Management of the resulting enterprise- Quality maintenance, accounts, taxation,
advertisement, etc.
3. It is not essential to start with big place or capital investment. Most of the successful entrepreneurs
started their ventures at home, with minimal investment. For example, Software giant Microsoft
was started in Bill Gates’ garage.
4. ‘Entrepreneurs are a national treasure. They create wealth, jobs, opportunities, and prosperity in
the country’- the statement is absolutely true. By identifying opportunities, entrepreneurs fill the
existing gaps between societies’ needs and products offered. In doing so, they employ people,
instigate competition, and raise living standards of the society.
F. Competency based questions.
1. Some of the career options that Amit may pursue are:
 Arts Administrator
 Art Restoration Specialist
 Visiting Artist
 Commercial Artist
 Muralist
 Painter
 Interior Designer
 Decorator-Wall Papering
2. Sunaina seems to be motivated by the spirit of service to society.

Unit - 5 (Green Skills)

Chapter 13: Environment Protection and Conservation
A. Select the correct option.
1. b. Living things
2. c. Water, soil, air, light
3. d. Both b and c
4. b. Interact with each other
5. b. They will soon get exhausted
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Ecosystem
2. Biotic
 3. Abiotic
4. Heterotrophs
5. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide
D. Answer in one or two sentences.
1. Overexploitation refers to the overuse of natural resources to such an extent that it almost reaches
a stage of exhaustion.
2. Earth Day is celebrated worldwide every year on April 22 to support environmental protection.
3. Gases that trap the heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. The primary greenhouse
gases that humans emit directly in significant quantities in the earth's atmosphere are carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, and CFCs.
4. The three Rs are- Reduce, Recycle, Reuse.
5. Conservation of environment means the proper use and management of natural resources.
E. Answer the following questions (Unsolved).
1. Biotic Components consist of all the living organisms within an ecosystem, for example, plants,
animals, birds, insects, fungi, and other living organisms.
Abiotic Components comprise all the non-living things in an ecosystem, for example, water, air, soil,
sunlight, and minerals.
2. Each ecosystem is unique, but all ecosystems consist of three primary components:
 Autotrophs: They are the producers of energy. Plants make up the majority of the autotrophs in
an ecosystem as they convert energy from the Sun or other sources into food.
 Heterotrophs: They are the consumers of energy. These are organisms which depend directly or
indirectly upon the autotrophs for their food. They are also known as consumers. Most of the
heterotrophs are animals.
 Non-living matter: It is soil, sediments, leaf litter, and other organic matter found on the ground
or at the bottom of an aquatic system.
3. Development and conservation of environment can absolutely go hand-in-hand. Conservation of
environment requires judicious and balanced use of natural resources. We can protect
environment without hampering growth by adopting a few strategies like:
 The three Rs- Reduce, Recycle, Reuse
 Developing eco-friendly habits like- such as proper handling of wastes and refraining from using
polythene bags’ keeping rivers and oceans clean, etc.
 Saving electricity by making sure that lights and appliances are turned off when not in use
 Refer to the energy star ratings while buying electrical appliances
 Reducing car emission
 Rainwater harvesting and judicious use of water
4. Some of the important factors that cause ecological imbalance are:
 Overexploitation of natural resources
 Habitat destruction
 Environmental Pollution
 Greenhouse gas emission
 Nuclear weapons
 Radioactive wastes
 Biotechnological misuse
5. As an entrepreneur I will take the following steps to contribute towards protecting the
environment:
 Use recyclable, biodegradable raw material
 Recycle and reuse material
 Reduce chemical emission
 Use LED and CFL bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs.
  Utilise renewable energy sources
 Buy electrical appliances with higher energy star ratings
F. Competency based questions.
1. The residents can take some small but important steps to conserve water. For example,
 Use water judiciously for daily chores like bathing, drinking, washing, cooking, etc.
 Practise rainwater harvesting at home.
 Always turn taps off tightly so they do not drip and promptly repair any leaks.
 Never run water continuously while washing dishes or brushing your teeth.
2. Natural gas and LPG

Chapter 14: Importance of Green Economy

A. Select the correct option.
1. d. Conserve the environment
2. a. Green job
3. d. All of these
4. d. New employment opportunities
5. c. False
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Resource
2. Green
3. Bamboo
4. Environmental
5. Green economy
D. Answer in one or two sentences.
1. The three human activities that cause damage to the environment are-
 Greenhouse gas emission
 Deforestation
 Radioactive wastes
2. The two job opportunities in the green sector are-
 Waste management
 Construction related areas
3. Greenhouse gasses affect our environment in the following ways-
 The greenhouse effect has warmed up oceans and caused melting of glaciers, rising sea levels,
flooding of coastal areas, and deterred shipping industry.
 Carbon dioxide also contributes to air pollution creating acid rains. Acid rains damage trees and
other plant life and further pollute water and soil.
 Carbon dioxide emissions displace oxygen in the atmosphere, thus impacting human health.
4. Green Job contribute towards preserving or restoring the quality of the environment. Green jobs
involve greater efficiency in the use of energy, water, and material. These jobs help to protect
ecosystems and biodiversity, de-carbonise the economy, and minimise all forms of waste and
pollution.
5. India aims to address the following three issues through green economy initiatives:
 Issues of energy scarcity
 Issues of environmental pollution
 Issues of unemployment or underemployment
E. Answer the following questions. (Unsolved)
1. Green skills refer to the knowledge, abilities, values, and attitudes needed to live in, develop, and
support a society which reduces the negative impact of human activity on the environment. Green
 skills help in protecting the environment for the future, creating jobs that protect the environment,
reducing energy consumption, and minimising waste and pollution.
2. In the relationship between the man and the environment, the environment influences the life of
human beings depend on their natural environment for survival. But with the advancement in
technology and increasing population, human beings have undertaken certain activities like rapid
industrialisation, unplanned urbanisation, deforestation, and overexploitation of natural resources.
Human have also caused great environmental harm by Burning fossil fuels, Flushing waste into
rivers, and emitting greenhouse gases and nuclear and radioactive waste.
3. Social inclusion means sharing the responsibility as well as the benefits of economic growth across
all sections of society.
4. The youth of India can greatly benefit from Green Skills Development Programme (GSDP) as it aims
to:
 Train green skilled workers
 Generate new jobs for green skilled workers
 Preserve or restore environmental quality so that it lasts for future generations
5. Green economy will help in
a. Preventing:
 melting of glaciers and resulting rise of sea level
 variations in rainfall
 climate disasters like droughts and floods
 desertification (fertile land becoming infertile)
 loss of biodiversity
b. Improving:
 Air, water, and soil quality
 New areas of manufacturing such as biofuels and renewable energy source
 Industrial and agricultural production
 New areas of employment
6. Low carbon growth the chief aim of green economy because it is essential for environmental
sustainability and future prosperity. An increased carbon emission prevents Earth from cooling at
night, thus causing global warming and climate change. Consequences of global warming and
climate change include:
 Melting of glaciers changes, resulting in rising sea levels and floods in coastal areas.
 Influence on shipping industry.
 Changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation.
 Global warming is causing more wildfires, droughts, and tropical storms, resulting loss of
property and human life, chronic waterborne diseases, and lasting psychological traumas.
 Air pollution creating acid rains. Acid rains damage trees and other plant life and further pollute
water and soil.
 Contaminating vegetation that we eventually consume.
 Carbon dioxide displacing oxygen in the atmosphere, thus impacting human health.
F. Competency based questions.
1. Some job opportunities involving green skills are:
 Wildlife (zoos, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, botanical gardens,
nurseries, wetland sites, State Biodiversity Boards, Biodiversity Management Committees, and
Wildlife Crime Control Bureau)
 Industries (involved in production or manufacturing of green products)
 Tourism (as eco-tourist guides)
 Agriculture (as organic farmers or green practitioners)
 Education and research sectors
  Waste management (in Municipal Corporations, Councils, urban local bodies)
 Water management
 Construction related areas
2. Bahadur Lal is contributing to halting environmental damage as National Parks protect the
ecological integrity of ecosystems for present and future generations by prohibiting exploitation of
natural land and wildlife.
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