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Contents

1 Arithmetic Sequences 1

2 Circles 39

iii
iv
Chapter 1

Arithmetic Sequences

Question 1:

2023 Model (3)

The sum of first 5 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 145.

(a) Find the third term

(b) If the common difference of this sequence is 4, write the terms.

Answer:

(a) If n is an odd number, then:

Sn = n × (middle term)

S5 = 5 × (x3 ) = 145
x3 = 145/5 = 29

(b) Since the common difference is 4, the terms of the arithmetic sequence are:

x1 = 29 − 2 × 4 = 21

x2 = 29 − 1 × 4 = 25
x3 = 29
x4 = 29 + 1 × 4 = 33
x5 = 29 + 2 × 4 = 37

Note: The sum of an odd number of terms in arithmetic sequence is equal to the
middle term multiplied by the number of terms.

1
2

Question 2:

2023 Final (2)

7, 13, 19, ... is an arithmetic sequence.

(a) What is its common difference?

(b) Find its 11th term.

Answer:

(a) 13 − 7 = 6
(b) To calculate nth term:
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
x11 = 7 + (11 − 1) × 6 = 67

Question 3:

2023 Model (4)

A sequence is written by adding 3 to the multiples of 4.

(a) Write the algebraic form of the sequence.

(b) Find the tenth term of the sequence.
(c) Is 100 a term of this sequence? Why?

Answer:

(a) The first multiple of 4 is 1 × 4 = 4. So, the first term:

4+3=7

The second multiple of 4 is 2 × 4 = 8. So, the second term:

8 + 3 = 11

The common difference:

11 − 7 = 4
To calculate nth term:
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
xn = 7 + (n − 1) × 4
xn = 7 + 4n − 4
xn = 4n + 3
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 3

(b) x10 = 4 × 10 + 3 = 43

(c) Suppose 100 is a term, then:

4n + 3 = 100

4n = 100 − 3

4n = 97

n = 97/4 = 24.25
Since n is not a natural number, 100 is not a term in the sequence.

Question 4:

2023 Final (4)

(a) Find the sum of first 20 natural numbers.

(b) Write the algebraic expression of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, ...

(c) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, ...

Answer:

(a) To calculate sum of first n natural numbers:

n(n + 1)
Sn =
2

20(20 + 1)
S20 =
2
S20 = 10 × 21 = 210

(b) First term:

5
Common difference:
9−5=4
Formula to calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

xn = 5 + (n − 1) × 4

xn = 5 + 4n − 4

xn = 4n + 1
4

(c) First term:

5
Common difference:
9−5=4
To calculate sum of first n terms:
1
Sn = n(xn + x1 )
2
1
Sn = n(4n + 1 + x1 )
2
1
Sn = × 20 × (4 × 20 + 1 + 5)
2
Sn = 860

Question 5:

2023 Final (3)

6th term of an arithmetic sequence is 46. Its common difference is 8.

(a) What is its 16th term?

(b) Find its 21st term.

Answer:
Given:
x6 = 46
d=8

Formula to calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

x6 = x1 + (6 − 1) × 8 = 46
x1 + 5 × 8 = 46
x1 + 40 = 46
∴ x1 = 46 − 40 = 6

(a) 16th term:

x16 = 6 + (16 − 1) × 8
x16 = 6 + 120 = 126

(b) 21st term:

x21 = 6 + (21 − 1) × 8
x21 = 6 + 160 = 166
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 5

Question 6:

2023 Final (4)

Sum of first 7 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 140.

Sum of first 11 terms of the same arithmetic sequence is 440.

(a) What is the 4th term of this arithmetic sequence?

(b) Find its 6th term.

(c) What is the common difference?

(d) Find the first term of this sequence.

Answer:

(a) If n is an odd number, then:

Sn = n × (middle term)

S7 = 7 × (x4 ) = 140

x4 = 140/7 = 20

(b) If n is an odd number, then:

Sn = n × (middle term)

S11 = 11 × (x6 ) = 440

x6 = 440/11 = 40

(c) Common difference:

x6 − x4 40 − 20
=
6−4 2
20
= = 10
2

(d) Using the formula for x4 :

x4 = x1 + (4 − 1) × 10 = 20

x1 + 3 × 10 = 20

x1 = 20 − 30 = −10
6

Question 7:

2023 Model (5)

The sum of the 8th and 19th terms of an arithmetic sequence is 125.

(a) What is the sum of the 7th and 20th terms?

(b) If the 6th term is 40, then find the 21st term.

(c) Find the sum of first 26 terms.

Answer:

(a) Sum of term positions:

8 + 19 = 7 + 20 = 27

∴ x7 + x20 = x8 + x19 = 125

(b) Given:
x6 = 40

Sum of term positions:

6 + 21 = 8 + 19 = 27

∴ x6 + x21 = x8 + x19 = 125

x21 = 125 − x6 = 125 − 40 = 85

(c) Sum of term positions:

1 + 26 = 8 + 19 = 27

∴ x1 + x26 = x8 + x19 = 125

To calculate sum of n terms:

n
Sn = (x1 + xn )
2

26
S26 = (x1 + x26 )
2
= 13 × 125

∴ S26 = 1625

Note: In an arithmetic sequence, if the sums of positions of two pairs of terms are
equal, then the sums of the pairs of the terms are also equal.
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 7

Question 8:

2022 Final (2)

5, 8, 11, ... is an arithmetic sequence.

(a) What is 20th term?

(b) What is the algebraic expression for this sequence?

Answer:
Common difference:
8−5=3

(a) To calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
x20 = 5 + (20 − 1) × 3 = 62
(b) Formula to calculate nth term:
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
xn = 5 + (n − 1)3
xn = 5 + 3n − 3
xn = 3n + 2

Question 9:

2022 Final (2)

The algebraic expression for the sum of n terms of an arithmetic sequence is n2 + n.

(a) Find the first term of this arithmetic sequence.

(b) Find the sum of first 10 terms of this arithmetic sequence.

Answer:

(a) We have the formula to calculate sum:

S n = n2 + n
Sum of the first term:
S1 = 1 2 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
∴ x1 = 2
(b) We have the formula to calculate sum:
S n = n2 + n
Sum of the first term:
S10 = 102 + 10 = 100 + 10 = 110
8

Question 10:

2022 Final (8)

6, 10, 14, ... is an arithmetic sequence.

(a) Find the sum of the first 15 terms of this arithmetic sequence.

(b) What is the difference between the first term and the 16th term?

(c) Find the ditference between the sum of first 15 terms and sum of the next 15
terms.

Answer:

(a) We have:
x1 = 6

x2 = 10

d = x2 − x1 = 10 − 6 = 4
To calculate 15th term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

x15 = 6 + (15 − 1) × 4 = 62
To calculate sum of 15 terms, using the formula:
n
Sn = (x1 + xn )
2
15
S15 = (6 + 62) = 510
2

(b) To calculate the difference, use:

x16 − x1

x16 = 6 + (16 − 1) × 4 = 66

dif f erence = 66 − 6 = 60

(c) To calculate the difference, use:

S30 − S15 − S15

30
S30 = (6 + 6 + (30 − 1) × 4) = 1920
2
dif f erence = 1920 − 510 − 510 = 900
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 9

Question 11:

2022 Final (1)

What is the common difference of the Arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, ...

Question 12:

2022 Model (1)

Write the first three terms of the arithmetic sequence with first term 6 and common
difference 4.

Question 13:

2023 Model (2)

Write the next two terms of the arithmetic sequence 5, 12, 19, ...

Question 14:

2022 Model (2)

The sum of first seven terms of an arithmetic sequence is 84. Find its 4th term.
Answer:
If n is an odd number, then:

Sn = n × (middle term)

S7 = 7 × (x4 ) = 84
x4 = 84/7 = 12

Question 15:

2022 Model (2)

The expression for the sum of first ′ n′ terms of an arithmetic sequence is 2n2 + 4n.
Find the first term and common difference of this sequence.
Answer:
We have the formula to calculate sum:

Sn = n2 + 4n
10

Sum of the first term:

S 1 = 2 × 12 + 4 × 1 = 2 + 4 = 6
∴ x1 = 6
Sum of the first and second term:
S2 = 2 × 22 + 4 × 2 = 8 + 8 = 16
x1 + x2 = 16
∴ x2 = 16 − x1 = 16 − 6 = 10
Common difference:
d = x2 − x1 = 10 − 6 = 4

Question 16:

2022 Model (8)

(a) Consider the arithmetic sequence 4, 7, 10, ... what is the algebraic expression
for this sequence?
(b) Write the 20th term of this sequence. What is the smallest three digit number
which is a term of this sequence?
(c) Find the sum of first 20 terms of this sequence.
What is the difference between the sum of first 20 terms of this sequence and
sum of first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence with algebraic form 3n + 2.

Answer:

(a) We have:
x1 = 4
x2 = 7
∴ d = x2 − x1 = 7 − 4 = 3
To derive the algebraic expression, let’s use the formula to calculate nth term:
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
xn = 4 + (n − 1)3 = 4 + 3n − 3
xn = 3n + 1
(b)
x20 = 3 × 20 + 1 = 61
Suppose 100 is the smallest term, then:
3n + 1 = 100
3n = 100 − 1 = 99
99
n= = 33
3
Since 33 is a natural number, 100 is the smallest three digit term.
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 11

(c) To calculate sum of first 20 terms, using the formula:

n
Sn = (x1 + xn )
2

20
S20 = (4 + 3 × 20 + 1)
2

S20 = 10 × 65 = 650

For the algebraic form:

xn = 3n + 2

x1 = 3 × 1 + 2 = 5

x2 = 3 × 2 + 2 = 8

d=8−5=3

20
S20 = (5 + 3 × 20 + 2)
2

S20 = 10 × 67 = 670

∴ dif f erence = 670 − 650 = 20

Question 17:

2021 Final (1)

Arithmetic sequence with common difference 2 is:

[7, 10, 13, ... ; 7, 5, 3, ...

7, 9, 11, ... ; 2, 5, 8, ...]

Question 18:

2021 Final (2)

Write the first term and common difference of the arithmetic sequence 3n + 2.
Hint: See the question 16 last part.
12

Question 19:

2021 Final (2)

(a) What is the tenth term of the arithmetic sequence a + 1, a + 2, a + 3, ...?

(b) What is its common difference?

(c) Write the algebraic form of the abve sequence.

Answer:

(a) We have:
x1 = a + 1
x2 = a + 2
∴ d = a + 2 − (a + 1) = 1
th
To calculate 10 term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

x10 = a + 1 + (10 − 1) × 1 = a + 10

(b) We have:
x1 = a + 1
x2 = a + 2
∴ d = a + 2 − (a + 1) = 1

(c) To derive the algebraic expression, let’s use the formula to calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

= a + 1 + (n − 1) × 1
=a+1+n−1
∴ xn = a + n

Question 20:

2021 Final (4)

(a) Write the 20th term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 10, 15, ...

(b) Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence 5, 10, 15, ...

(c) What is the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence 4, 9, 14, ...?
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 13

Question 21:

2021 Final (5)

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
..........................

(a) Write the fifth line of the pattern.

(b) How many numbers are there in the tenth line?

(c) How many numbers are there in the first ten line altogether?

(d) What is the first number in the eleventh line?

Answer:

(a) Fifth line:

11 12 13 14 15

(b) Each line has the same number as that of the position. So the answer is 10

(c) Each line ends with the sum of the natural numbers corresponding to the
position. To calculate sum of first n natural numbers:

n(n + 1)
Sn =
2
10 × (10 + 1)
S10 = = 55
2

(d) Since the 10th line ends with 55, the eleventh line should starts with: 55 + 1 = 56

Question 21:

2021 Final (5)

(a) What is the remainder on dividing the terms of the arithmetic sequence
100, 109, 118, ... by 9?

(b) Write the sequence of three digit numbers, which are multiples of 9.

(c) What is the position of 999 in the arithmetic sequence of three digit numbers
which are multiples of 9?

Answer:
14

(a) 1
(b) 100 has a remainder of 1, so the first number is:
100 − 1 + 9 = 108
The multiples of 9:
108, 117, 126, ...
(c) To derive the algebraic expression, let’s use the formula to calculate nth term:
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
= 108 + (n − 1) × 9
= 108 + 9n − 9
∴ xn = 9n + 99
To find position of 999:
9n + 99 = 999
9n = 999 − 99 = 900
900
∴n= = 100
9

Question 22:

2021 Model (1)

What is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence 4, 10, 16, ...?
[4, 5, 6, 10]

Question 23:

2021 Model (2)

Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is 3n + 2.

(a) What is its first term?

(b) Find its 10th term.

Question 24:

2021 Model (3)

The 5th term of an arithmetic sequence is 20 and the 8th term is 32.

(a) What is the common difference of this sequence?

(b) Find its 11th term.
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 15

Question 25:

2021 Model (4)

The 10th term of an arithmetic sequence is 20 and its 20th term is 10.

(a) What is its common difference?

(b) What is its 30th term?

(c) Which is the first negative term of this sequence?

Question 26:

2021 Model (4)

(a) What is its 20th term?

(b) Find the sum of first 20 terms of this sequence.

(c) What is the sum of first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence 6, 8, 10, ...?

Question 27:

2021 Model (5)

Look at the following number pattern.

1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
...............................
........................................

(a) Write the next line of this pattern.

(b) Write the sequence of last numbers in each line.

(c) What will be the last number in the 9th line.

(d) Write the first and last numbers of the 10th line.

Answer:
16

(a) From the given pattern, the line ends with the square of the line number. So,
the 4th line should end with 16:
10 11 12 13 14 15 16

(b) The sequence follows the algebraic form of n2 :

1, 4, 9, 16, ...

(c) Last number of 9th line:

92 = 81
(d) Since the 9th line ends with 81, the 10th line should start with:
81 + 1 = 82
Last number of 10th line:
102 = 100

Question 28:

2020 Final (2)

(a) Write the 6th term of the arithmetic sequence 1, 25, 49, 73, 97, ...
(b) How many perfect square terms are there in the arithmetic sequence
97, 73, 49, ...?

Answer:

(a) (Please refer previous answers)

(b) The given sequence has these terms:
97, 73, 49, 25, 1, ...
The perfect square numbers below 97 are:
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81
So, the perfect squares in the given sequence are:
1, 25, 49
∴ The number of perfect squares terms is 3.

Question 29:

2020 Final (3)

(a) Write the first term and the common difference of the arithmetic sequence
whose algebraic expression is 3n + 5.
(b) First term of an arithmetic sequence is 8 and the common difference is 5. Write
its algebraic form.
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 17

Question 30:

2020 Final (3)

(a) What is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence x − 1, x, x + 1, ...?

(b) If x − 1 is an even number, which is the next even number?

(c) Prove that the product of two consecutive even numbers added to 1 gives a
perfect square.

Answer:

(a) Common difference:

x − (x − 1) = x − x + 1 = 1

(b) Next even number:

x−1+2=x+1

(c) Let consecutive even number are x − 1 and x + 1, then:

(x − 1)(x + 1) + 1 = x2 − x + x − 1 + 1 = x2

∴ x2 is a perfect square.

Question 31:

2020 Final (4)

(a) What is the sum of the first 5 terms of the arithmetic sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, ...?

(b) What is the sum of the first n terms of the arithmetic sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, ...?
1 3 5 7
(c) Find the sum of the first n terms of the arithmetic sequence n , n , n , n , ...

1 3 5
(d) What is the sum of first 2020 terms of the arithmetic sequence 2020 , 2020 , 2020 , ...?

Answer:

(a) Sum of odd numbers:

Sn = n2

S5 = 52 = 25

(b) Sum of odd numbers:

Sn = n2
18

1
(c) Factor out n:
1
Sn = (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ...)
n
1
= n2
n
∴ Sn = n
1
(d) Factor out 2020 :
1
S2020 = (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ...)
2020
1
= × 20202
2020
∴ S2020 = 2020

Question 32:

2020 Final (5)

Sum of the first 4 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 72. Sum of the first 9 terms is
also 72.

(a) What is the 5th term of the sequence?

(b) Find the sum if the first five terms.
(c) Write the sequence.

Answer:

(a) If n is an odd number, then:

Sn = n × (middle term)
Given:
S9 = 72
S9 72
∴ x5 = = =8
9 9
(b) Sum of the first 5 terms:
S5 = S4 + x5 = 72 + 8 = 80

(c) Since:
S5 = 80
S5 80
x3 = = = 16
5 5
x5 − x3 8 − 16
d= = = −4
5−3 2
x2 = x3 − d = 16 − (−4) = 16 + 4 = 20
x1 = x2 − d = 20 − (−4) = 20 + 4 = 24
∴ 24, 20, 16, ...
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 19

Question 33:

2020 Final (6)

Read the following Passage. Understand the Mathematical concept in it and answer
the questions that follow. Each question carries 1 score.
The common difference of the arithmetic sequence 15, 14, 13, 12, ... is 14 − 15 = −1.
First term of the sequence is 15 and the 15th term is 15 + 14 × −1 = 15 − 14 = 1.
Similarly the 4th term is 12 and the 12th term is 4.
Its 16th term is, x16 = 15 + 15 × −1 = 15 − 15 = 0. So the sum of the first 31 terms is
also zero. That is if the nth term of an arithmetic sequence with common difference
−1 is m, then the mth term is n and the (m + n)th term is zero.

(a) Seventh term of an arithmetic sequence is 10 and the 10th term is 7. What is
the common difference?

(b) What is the 21st term of the arithmetic sequence 21, 20, 19, ...?

(c) 5th term of an arithmetic sequence is 17 and the 17t h term is 5. Which term of
the sequence is zero?

(d) 5th term of an arithmetic sequence is 17 and the 17th term is 5. What is the 44th
term?

(e) First term of an arithmetic sequence is n and the nth term is 1. What is the
(n + 1)th term?

(f) The first term of an arithmetic sequence is n and the nth term is 1. Sum of how
many terms, starting from the first term, of this sequence is zero?

Answer:

(a) If we have two terms of mth and nth positions, then Common difference:
xm − xn
d=
m−n
5 − 17
= = −1
17 − 5

(b) To calculate 21st term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

x21 = 21 + (21 − 1) × −1 = 21 + 20 × −1 = 21 − 20 = 1

(c) We have:
x5 = 17
x17 = 5
20

5 − 17 −7
d= = = −1
17 − 5 7
To calculate nth term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

x5 = x1 + (5 − 1) × −1 = 17
x1 + 4 × −1 = 17
x1 − 4 = 17
x1 = 17 + 4 = 21
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d
= 21 + (n − 1) × −1 = 0
= 21 − n + 1 = 0
∴ n = 22

(d) To calculate 44th term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

x44 = 21 + (44 − 1) × −1
= 21 − 43 = −22

(e) To calculate (n + 1)th term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

xn+1 = n + ((n + 1) − 1) × −1
= n + (n + 1 − 1) × −1
= n + n × −1 = n − n = 0
∴ xn+1 = 0

(f) 2n + 1

Question 34:

2020 Model (2)

The second term of an arithmetic sequence is 8 and common difference is 3.

(a) Write the sequence.

(b) What is the 12th term of the sequence?

Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 21

Question 35:

2020 Model (3)

The 5th term of an arithmetic sequence is 38 and 8th term in 62.

(a) What is the common difference of the sequence?

(b) Will the difference between any two terms of the sequence be 100? Why?

Answer:

62−38 24
(a) d = 8−5 = 3 =8

100
(b) 8 = 12.5
Since 8 is not a multiple of 100, 100 cannot become a difference.

Question 36:

2020 Model (4)

The sum of first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is n2 + 2n.

(a) What is the first term?

(b) Find the common difference.

(c) What is the sum of first 20 terms of this sequence?

(d) Prove that the sum of continuous terms starting from the first of the sequence
3, 5, 7, ... added to 1 gives a perfect square.

Answer:

(a) (Please refer previous answers)

(b) (Please refer previous answers)

(c) (Please refer previous answers)

(d) Sn + 1 = n2 + 2n + 1 = (n + 1)2 is a perfect square.

22

Question 37:

2020 Model (5)

The sum of first and 21st terms of an arithmetic sequence is 140.

(a) What is the 11th term?

(b) Write the sequence, if the first term is 10.

(c) Calculate the sum of first 11 terms of this sequence.

(d) Find the sum of first 11 terms of the sequence 20, 25, 30, ...

Answer:

(a) We have:
x1 + x21 = x22 = 140
∴ x11 + x11 = 140
= 2x11 = 140
x11 = 70

(b) (Please refer previous answers)

(c) (Please refer previous answers)

(d) (Please refer previous answers)

Question 38:

2020 Model (6)

Read the following, understand the mathematical idea in it and answer the
questions that follow. Each question carries 1 score.
We know that a sequence got by starting with any number and adding a fixed
number repeatedly is called an arithmetic sequence. Example: 1, 3, 5, 7, ... Like this
we can form sequences by starting with any number and multiplying by a fixed
non-zero number repeatedly. For example 1, 2, 4, 8, ... In this sequence, one number
multiplied by 2 gives the next number. Such sequences are called geometric
sequences. The common number used for repeated multiplication is called common
ratio.

(a) What is the 5th term of the geometric sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, ...?

(b) Write the geometric sequence with first term 2 and common ratio 3.

(c) What is the common ratio of the geometric sequence 3, 12, 48, ...?
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 23

(d) Write the 10th term of the geometric sequence 1, −1, 1, ...

(e) What is the sum of 10 consecutive terms of the geometric sequence 1, −1, 1, ...?

(f) Which √ of the following numbers will not be a term of any geometric sequence?
(π, 0, 2, π1 )

Answer:

(a) 16

(b) 2, 6, 18, ...

(c) 4

(d) −1

(e) 0

(f) 0

Question 39:

2019 Final (2)

(a) Write the first integer term of the arithmetic sequence 17 , 72 , 37 , ...

(b) What is the sum of the first 7 terms of this sequence?

Answer:

(a) Given:
1
x1 =
7
2
x2 =
7
2 1 2−1 1
∴d= − = =
7 7 7 7
7th term:
1 1 1 6
x7 = +6× = +
7 7 7 7
6+1 7
= = =1
7 7
(b)
7 1 7 1+7
S7 = ( + 1) = ( )
2 7 2 7
7 8 8
= ( )= =4
2 7 2
24

Question 40:

2019 Final (3)

(a) What is the remainder on dividing the terms of the arithmetic sequence
100, 107, 114, ... by 7?

(b) Write the sequence of all three digit numbers. Which leaves remainder 3 on
division by 7? Which is the last term of this sequence?

Answer:

(a)
14
7 100
7
30
28
2

∴ the remainder is 2

(b) 100 has a remainder of 2, so the first number is:

x1 = 100 − 2 + 3 = 101

x2 = 101 + 7 = 108

x3 = 108 + 7 = 115

∴ the sequence is:

101, 108, 115, ...

Suppose 999 is a term, then:

142
7 999
7
29
28
19
14
5

999 has a remainder of 5, so the last term is:

999 − 5 + 3 = 997
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 25

Question 41:

2019 Final (4)

Find the following sums:

(a) 1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + 100

(b) 1 + 3 + 5 + ...... + 99
(c) 2 + 4 + 6 + ...... + 100
(d) 3 + 7 + 11 + ...... + 199

Answer Keys:

(a) 5050
(b) 2500
(c) 2550
(d) 5050

Question 42:

2019 Final (5)

If the terms of the arithmetic sequence 92 , 39 , 49 , 59 , ... are represented as x1 , x2 , x3 , ...

then

(a) x1 + x2 + x3 = ......
(b) x4 + x5 + x6 = ......
(c) Find the sum of first 9 terms.
(d) What is the sum of first 300 terms?

Answer:

(a)
2 3 4 2+3+4
+ + =
9 9 9 9
9
= =1
9
(b)
5 6 7 5+6+7
+ + =
9 9 9 9
18
= =2
9
26

(c) Common difference:

3 2 3−2
d = x1 − x2 =
− =
9 9 9
1
=
9
To calculate sum of first 9 terms, using the formula:
n
Sn = (2x1 + (n − 1)d)
2
9 2 1
S9 = (2 × + (9 − 1) × )
2 9 9
9 4 8 9 12
= ( + )= ×
2 9 9 2 9
12
=
2
∴ S9 = 6

(d) To calculate sum of first 300 terms, using the formula:

n
Sn = (2x1 + (n − 1)d)
2
300 2 1
S300 = (2 × + (300 − 1) × )
2 9 9
300 4 299 303
= ( + ) = 150 ×
2 9 9 9
45450
= = 5050
9
∴ S300 = 5050

Question 43:

2019 Final (6)

Read the following. Understand the Mathematical concepts in it and answer the
questions that follow.
The remainders obtained on dividing the powers of two by 7 have an interesting
property. We can understand it from the table given below.
Number 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ......
Remainder 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 ......
If the powers are 1, 4, 7, ... the remainder is 2
If the powers are 3, 6, 9, ... the remainder is 1

(a) What is the remainder on dividing 28 by 7?

(b) Write the sequence of powers of 2 leaving remainder 1 on division by 7.
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 27

(c) Check whether 2019 is a term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 6, 9, ...

(d) What is the remainder on dividing 22019 by 7?

(e) Write the algebraic form of the arithmetic sequence 1, 4, 7, ...

(f) Write the algebraic form of the sequence 21 , 24 , 27 , ... (powers of two leaving
remainder 2 on division by 7).

Answer:

(a) 4

(b) Given:
x1 = 3

x2 = 6

d = x2 − x1 = 6 − 3 = 3

x3 = 6 + 3 = 9

∴ 3, 6, 9, ...

(c) Using the formula to calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

Suppose 2019 is term, then:

3 + (n − 1) × 3 = 2019

3 + 3n − 3 = 2019

3n = 2019
2019
n=
3
673
3 2019
18
21
21
09
9
0

Since the remainder is 0, 2019 is a term.

(d) 2019 is part of the sequence which makes the remainder 1.

∴ the remainder is 1.
28

(e) Given:
x1 = 1
x2 = 4
d = x2 − x1 = 4 − 1 = 3
To calculate nth term, using the formula:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

= 1 + (n − 1) × 3
= 1 + 3n − 3
= 3n − 2

(f)
23n−2

Question 44:

2019 Model (2)

Consider the arithmetic sequence 13, 23, 33, ...

(a) What is its common difference?

(b) What is the first three digit term of this sequence?

Answer:

(a) Given:
x1 = 13
x2 = 23
d = x2 − x1 = 23 − 13 = 10

(b) Suppose 100 is the term, then:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d = 100

= 13 + (n − 1) × 10 = 13 + 10n − 10 = 100
= 10n + 3 = 100
∴ 10n = 100 − 3 = 97
97
∴n= = 9.7 ≈ 10
10
The first three digit term:

x10 = 13 + 9 × 10 = 103
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 29

Question 45:

2019 Model (3)

The algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is 5n + 4.

(a) What is its first term?

(b) What is the difference of its 10th and 20th terms?
(c) Can the difference of any two terms of this sequence be 368? Justify.

Answer:

(a)
x1 = 5 × 1 + 4 = 5 + 4 = 9

(b)
x10 = 5 × 10 + 4 = 50 + 4 = 54
x20 = 5 × 20 + 4 = 100 + 4 = 104
x20 − x10 = 104 − 54 = 50

(c) Common difference:

x20 − x10 104 − 54
d= =
20 − 10 10
50
= =5
10
368
= 73.6
5
368 is not a multiple of 5
∴ 368 cannot be a difference.

Question 46:

2019 Model (4)

(a) Write the sequence of odd numbers greater than 1.

(b) What is the algebraic form of this sequence?
(c) What is the algebraic form of the arithmetic sequence 36 , 56 , 76 , ...
(d) Prove that this sequence does not contain any natural number.

Answer:

(a) 3, 5, 7, ...
30

(b) Given:
x1 = 3
x2 = 5
d = x2 − x1 = 5 − 3 = 2
Using the formula to calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

xn = 3 + (n − 1) × 2 = 3 + 2n − 2
∴ xn = 2n + 1

(c) Given:
3
x1 =
6
5
x2 =
6
5 3
d = x2 − x1 = −
6 6
5−3 2
= =
6 6
Using the formula to calculate nth term:

xn = x1 + (n − 1)d

3 2
xn =+ (n − 1) ×
6 6
3 2 2 3−2 2
= + n− = + n
6 6 6 6 6
2 1
= n+
6 6
2n + 1
∴ xn =
6
(d) For a given natural number n, the expression 2n + 1 always produce an odd
number. And an odd number cannot be a multiple of 6.
∴ the sequence with algebraic form 2n+1
6 cannot contain any natural number.

Question 47:

2019 Model (5)

The sum of first 9 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 45 and the sum of first 18 terms
is 171.

(a) What is the sum of its 10th to 18th terms?

Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 31

(b) What is its 5th term?

(c) Find its 14th term.
(d) Find the sum of 5th to 14th terms.

Answer:

(a) Given:
S9 = 45
S18 = 171
s −s =?
z 18 }|9 {
S18 = x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + x9 + x10 + ... + x18 = 171
| {z }
S9 =45

S18 − S9 = 171 − 45 = 126

(b) If n is an odd number, then:
Sn = n × (middle term)
S9 = 9 × (x5 ) = 45
45
∴ x5 = =5
9
(c) x14 is the middle term between x10 and x18
126
∴ x14 = = 14
9
(d) For the sequence from x5 to x14 :
x1 = 5
x14 = 14
n = 10
10
S10 = (5 + 14) = 95
2

Question 48:

2018 Final (2)

The algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is 5n + 3.

(a) What is the first term of the sequence?

(b) What will be the remainder if the terms of the sequence are divided by 5?

Answer Keys:

(a) 8
(b) 3
32

Question 49:

2018 Final (3)

The algebraic form for the sum of first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is 2n2 + 8n.
How many consecutive terms of the sequence, starting from the first, are to be
added to get 330?
Answer:
Given:
Sn = 2n2 + 8n = 330
Divide both sides with 2:
n2 + 4n = 165
Add 4 to both sides:
n2 + 4n + 4 = 165 + 4

(n + 2)2 = 169
√
n + 2 = 169 = 13

∴ n = 13 − 2 = 11

Note: This chapter requires the knowledge from the chapter 4 (Second Degree
Equations) of Mathematics textbook.

Question 50:

2018 Final (4)

There are 20 terms in an arithmetic sequence. Sum of the first and last terms is 88.

(a) What is the sum of the 2nd and 19th terms?

(b) If the 10th term is 42, what is the 11th term?

(c) What is the common difference of the sequence?

(d) What is the first term?

Answer:

(a) Sum of term positions:

2 + 19 = 1 + 20 = 21

∴ x2 + x19 = x1 + x20 = 88
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 33

(b) Given:
x10 = 42
Sum of term positions:
10 + 11 = 1 + 20 = 21

∴ x10 + x11 = x1 + x20 = 88

∴ x11 = 88 − 42 = 46

(c) Common difference:

x11 − x10 = 46 − 42 = 6

(d)
x10 = x1 + (10 − 1) × 6 = 42

x1 = 42 − 36 = 6

Question 51:

2018 Final (5)

Consider the numbers between 100 and 300 which leave remainder 2 on division by
3.

(a) Which is the first number in this sequence?

(b) Which is the last number in this sequence?

(c) How many such numbers are there in this sequence?

(d) Find the sum of all numbers in the sequence.

Answer:

(a) Suppose 101 is a term, then:

33
3 101
9
11
9
2

101 has a remainder of 2, so the first term:

x1 = 101
34

(b) Suppose 299 is a term, then:

99
3 299
27
29
27
2

299 has a remainder of 2, so the last term:

xn = 299

(c)
x2 = 101 + 3 = 104
d = x2 − x1 = 104 − 101 = 3
xn = x1 + (n − 1)d = 299
101 + 3n − 3 = 299
3n = 299 − 98 = 201
201
n= = 67
3
n
Sn = (x1 + xn )
2
67
= (101 + 299)
2
∴ S67 = 13400

Question 52:

2018 Final (6)

Read the following, understand the mathematical idea expressed in it and answer
the questions that follow:
1, 4, 9, 16, ... are the squares of the counting numbers. The remainders got by dividing
the square numbers with natural numbers have a cyclic property. For example, the
remainders on dividing these numbers by 4 are tabulated here.
Number 1 4 9 16 25 – – –
Remainder 1 0 1 0 1 – – –
On dividing by 4 perfect squares leave only 0 and 1 as remainders. From this, we can
conclude that an arithmetic sequence whose terms leaves remainder 2 on dividing
by 4 do not have a perfect square.

(a) Which are the possible remainders on dividing any number with 4?

(b) Which are the numbers we would not get on dividing a perfect square by 4?
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 35

(c) What is the remainder that leaves on dividing the terms of the arithmetic
sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ... by 4?

(d) Does the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, ... contain perfect squares?

(e) Write a sequence with common difference 4 which contains many perfect
squares.

Question 53:

2018 Model (2)

The 25th term of an arithmetic sequence is 140 and the 27th term is 166. What is its
common difference ? What is its 35th term?

Question 54:

2018 Model (4)

Sum of the first five terms of an arithemetic sequence is 45. What is the third term
? The common difference of the sequence is 4. Write the first two terms. Write
another arithemetic sequence having the sum of the first five term 45.

Question 55:

2018 Model (5)

(a) Find the least and heighest three digit number which leave a remainder 1 on
division by 9.

(b) How many three digit numbers are there, which leave a remainder one on
division by 9?

(c) Find the sum of all such numbers.

Question 56:

2017 Model (2)

Consider the arithmetic sequence 12, 23, 34, ...

(a) What is the 10th term of this sequence?

(b) Is 1111 a term of this sequence? Why?

36

Question 57:

2017 Model (5)

The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 6 and the sum of the first 6 terms is 66.

(a) What is its 6th term?

(b) What is the common difference of the sequence?

(c) What are the first 6 terms of this sequence?

Question 58:

2017 Model (4)

The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 6 and the common difference is 4.

(a) What is the algebraic form of this sequence?

(b) What is the algebraic expression to find the sum of the first n terms of this
sequence?

(c) How many terms of this sequence, starting from the first, are to be added to
get 510?

Question 59:

2015 Final (2)

First term of an arithmetic sequence is 10 and its common difference 3. Write the
first three terms of the sequence. Verify whether 100 is a term of this sequence.

Question 60:

2015 Final (3)

Sum of first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is 3n2 + n. Find the first term and
common difference of this sequence.
Chapter 1. Arithmetic Sequences 37

Question 61:

2015 Final (4)

The terms of an arithmetic sequence with common difference 4 are natural

numbers.

(a) If x is a term in this sequence, what is the next term?

4
(b) If the sum of reciprocals of two consecutive terms of this 15 , sequence is find
those terms.

Question 62:

2015 Final (5)

Consider the arithmetic sequence 9, 15, 21, ...

(a) Write the algebraic form of this sequence

(b) Find the twenty fifth term of this sequence.
(c) Find the sum of terms from twenty fifth to fiftieth of this sequence.
(d) Can the sum of some terms of this sequence be 2015? Why?
38
Chapter 2

Circles

Question 1:

2023 Final (2)

O
3

A B

AB is a chord of a circle of radius 3 centimetres. Chord AB makes a right angle at

the centre. What is the length of AB?
Answer:
Given:
∠AOB = 90◦
OB = 3cm
AB =?

Since radius is 3:
OA = 3cm
Since two sides are equal and ∠AOB is right, this is an isosceles right triangle.

∴ ∠OAB = 45◦

∠OBA = 45◦
Using Pythagorean theorem: p
c= a 2 + b2

39
40

p
= 32 + 32
p
= 32 × 12 + 32 × 12
p p
= 32 (12 + 12 ) = 32 × 2
√
=3 2

Question 2:

2023 Final (3)

Draw a circle of radius 4 centimetres.

Draw a triangle whose vertices are on this circle and two of the angles 40◦ and 60◦ .
Answer:
To create a triangle with the given conditions of the angles 40◦ and 60◦ , chords can
be created with two times that of the required angles. To create a 40◦ angle, an
angle of 80◦ can be created at the center. Similarly an adjacent angle of 120◦ can be
created to form a 60◦ angle.
Draw a circle with 4 centimetres radius and a line from center to the circle.

Draw another line from center to the circle at 80◦ angle.

80◦

Draw yet another line from center to the circle at 120◦ angle from the previous line.
Chapter 2. Circles 41

120◦
80◦

Finally you can join the three points on the circle:

120◦
80◦
B

Here:

∠BDC = 40◦
∠DBC = 60◦