MATHEMATICS-III (Differential Calculus) Code: 100311 B. Tech 3" Semester Examination, 2019 (New Course) MATHEMATICS-III Time: 3 Hours. Pass Marks: 28 Full Marks: 70 Instructions: (i) The marks are indicated in the right hand margin. ) There are NINE Questions in this paper. (iii) Attempt FIVE Questions in all. (iv) Question No. 1 is compulsory. 1. Choose the correct answer of the following (any seven): 2x7=14 o (a) The function f(x) = {° isi’ Miter 2 x=0 (j) differentiable at x =0 (ii) continuous at x = 0 ii) discontinuous at x = 0 (iv) not differentiable at x =0 2xy +y? (b) The function f(x, y=} x-y Gy #G-D 5. 0, y=, -D j) continuous at (1, -1) i) discontinuous everywhere ii) discontinuous at(1,-1) (iv) continuous everywhere ty ya? © Itw =sinu,u =| 722 | then x 4 y Ov Ow © art) xtytz ay * Gz equal to @ sinw Gi) cosw iii) tan w ) cotw (4) The minimum value of f(x, y, z) =x? + y? (d) The WOSx ty’ +2? such that aye = 43 ' EEzI ii) 9k2 sen @k Gi) 9 ii) 342 tHe240 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering or Semester) . Vide =0i (€) The solution of the differential equation yax ~xdy + ¢ dx =0is @ y —xel!* (ii) y+ xe tox ii) yel!* +x = ex (iv) y + xel/* scx 5 A SORA AA : , (OIfr=xi +yj+zk, r=(r} and ris the unit vector of r, then V «ris @r (i) 2r iii) Ir (iv) 27 (g) IfC is any path from (1, 0, 0) to (2, 1, 4), then J bzde + (2x + dy + aydz} is equal to c @1 Gi) 2 ii) 8 (iv) 9 (h) If P(x) is the Legendre polynomial of first kind, then the incorrect statement is @ Qn +1) + P(x) =(n + DP, , (2) +P, _ 2) (ii) nP,(x) = xP,"(x) -Ph_4(@) ii) (2n +P.) =P, (2) + PL_,@) (iv) @ + P(x) = PI, (2) - xP,(x) (i) The partial differential equation which statisfies the arbitrary functions ze (2) is z @) px + qy =0 ii) px -qy =0 (iii) px + qy =z (iv) none of the above () The singular solution of the differential equation yy (2) (2-9)? =4G -y)is GyG-y)=0 Gi) 2-y°B-y»)=0 ii) y =3 (iv) None of the above 2. (a) Ify = A cos (log x) + B sin (log x), show that m yng tnt Daya g +(n? + Dy, =0, where y, oe 7 ee, (b) Find: Jim S840 Sin x =x" 7 4390 x? 3. (a) Show that the following function is continuous at the point (0, 0): 2x4 +3y4 JO =h GT y ye? #00) ? 0, sy) =(0, 0) ~ (b) If (x + y) =x? + y?, show tnu( 2 a%S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3" Semester) 21 2, 4. (Transform the equation 2 ea + 2 <9 into polar coordinates. 7 ay? (b) Find the extreme values ae Ys 2) = 2x + 3y + z,such that x? + y? =5 andx+z=1. 7 5, (a) Evaluate: f° ((ox4 —axy3 2y2 . ara) ~ 2xy3)de -3x2ydy} along the path x* —6xy3 = dy?, 7 Ane, (b) Evaluate {fF -ndS, where F = 4xz i - y?j + yzk and Sis the surface of s the cube bounded by x = 0,x =1,y =0, y =1, 2 = 0, z =1, by using Gauss divergence theorem. 7 6. (a) Evaluate: Stax (Bx C)) at 0 =0, where A =sin 07 + cos 0} + 0k, B=cos 07 sin 0j-3k, C=2i+3j-k. 7 (b) A particle moves along the curve x =? +1 y z=2+5, wherer is the time. Find the components of the velocity and acceleration at ¢ =1, in the direction i + j+3k. 7 7. Solve the following differential equations: 7+7=14 dy _ 12 Solve: (x + Pay +b (a) Solve: (x + y +) 2 =y (b) Solve: x? + px =yp (° -2) 2, 8. (a) Solve by the method of variation of parameters a tn’y=seent 7 S (b) Solve: PX rane ® 4 5y sec xe* 7 a az a 9. (a) Solve: 2] =] -z|=-| =@-y) 7 e) (3) (2) (b) Evaluate: f', xP,(x)P, (de where P, is the Legendre polynomial, 7 EXE 1, (a) (ii) Continuous at x = 0, 1+2x)%, x80 o ie Explanation: seove{' a v0 ind fi c+ 20) yivar We know that lim ( + ax)2a2 $.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3°! Semester) 2x sol tina + ant" ee S(O) = F(0*) = FO) (©) (iii) discontinuous at (+1, -1). x? -2ay ty? Explanation: lim me @ysd-d ey (= ey DIG@EW TING Ie lim (x-y)=1-(-I =2 Gy) 90-1) £0, -D # f,-D (c) Gii) tanw Explanation: Here,w in“ wand u = x+ytz is a homogeneous function of x, y and z of degree 1. Then, u = sin w. Now applying Euler's theorem onu, we get x + y 2 + teu .@ ox Oy & Putting the value of w in equation (i), we get 6. o.. - x< sinw +y— sinw + z— sinw =sinw oy a & aw aw ow. > xcosw + ycosw + zcos w =sinw ox ay 2 = By yO OW SOY any & "dy "az cosw (a) (iii) 3K? Explanation: Minimum value of x? + y? + 2? will be when x = y =z =p (let say) given xyz =k? = pxpxp=k = p® Hence x =y =z =k ty haz? ak? +k? +k? = 3k?, So, minimum value of x? + y? + 2? =3k?, => pak (c) (iv) y + xe!" = ox Explanation: ydx + e!"* ‘dx = xdy BW Ya ells, dx dx x = yretax 1 = [Ade nee !sComputer Science Engineering (3" Semester) 243 Lede x yoxell® sox and Wy) yo sAnuAL A. > Explanation: r =xi+yj+zk; r=lrh r=qyx?+y? +2? = verav ft 2a yh az? Irl na ra 4 ity jtzk =[12 452472) seit ox ay r male} aCe) Biya Similarly, 2° =2, 2-2 r aoraaa S.Q. in Computer Science Engineering (3% Semester) (g) (iv) 0 Explanation: 1 = { (yzdx + (x2 + Ddy + xyd2) c AA, 0, 0) to B(2, 1, 4) 1 =f (yedx + xedy + xydz) + fay c c (2, 1,4) =lozltog + bitte} =[2-1-4-0]+[1-0]=8+1=9. (h) (iii) (2n + DP,(x) = PL, (4) + Py) : Explanation: From Recurrence foci: for legendre’s polynomial Third statement is incorrect. The correct statement is (2n + 1)P,(x) = Pr , (x) — Pi 1) @ Gi) px — gy = 0. Explanation: Given that z= f| (2) z Differentiating equation (i) partially with respect tox and y =2,2 (2) sl sit Fe. Zz a ty Subtract equation (iii) from (2), y @ ér0- -y)=0. 2. (a) We note that here y,, y9,....¥, denote the 1", 24... p'h with respect to ‘x’ and log x does In x, So, y =a cos (Inx) + b sin (In x) = yy =a(-sin (In x)) + (eos (In x))- x => ay, =—a sin (In x) +b cos (In), o> Gi) a+ (iii) derivative of y Again differentiate both sides w.r.t, x with the help of Chain rule, we get 4 +9, =—a C05 (In.x),,, —b sin(In x) x => x?y) + xy, =—(a cos (In x) + b sin (In x)q .B, in Computer Science Engineer Em ; gineering (3"4 go, lester) 24 iS etary x27, F291 + =O. ove te result, now take help of Leibnitz theorem, Pe gen FAH Dn +0? 4 Dy, =O 0 + tet diet go, we have o series expansion rule, 0, we use 5 lim x9 62) Take ‘x common from numerator. tee free Sty la 6 60 = lim x70 ea Now multiply numerator terms =lim 20 Again take ‘x? common from numerator whe A Bd A 271043, OL 40°63! "5! 40 36 120 360 360 18 44 2x4 4.3y4 *@) f(x) = Fat (x, y) # (0, 0) 0, (x, y) =(0, 0) "orcontinuous 2x4 43,4 Stayt 2x! 3y4 F a Now Xt y2 vay? wry ‘aking limits jim 2x2 4 3y?=2(0)? +3(0)" =0. (x,y) (0, 0) b>| | 246 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering ot Semester) ‘Therefore, by the squeeze theorem /(0, 0)" + (0, 0)” = £0; %)- | So, f(y) is continuous at (0, 0). (by f(x + y) 27 +97» } i x+y? a So, the partial differential equation is z= = Using, quotient rule of differentiation, TE eee a ay? (ay ee a @+y)? @+y) 2. oe a + 2xy _y? a2? + 2ay HS.=|=-=| =|— 3 ayy? From1- é x) - Gry? @+y? } 2 _ay27 a _ yy 22822" ] 24f G+ Ve -(2 zy. (x+y)? @+y)? x+y 2g? Fromnsts.=4{1- 2-2) a1 + dy _yP ax? +209 * @+y) caf (2223? + Bay ty? =a? + 29 ) (x+y)? -i- 4x }- (= =4xy) _ Ax -y)? (+>)? (e+y? G+)? ) So, L.H.S.=R.H.S. Proved. yer 5 or . (RSs a Pay? Back to Lapale's 's equation in polar co-ordinates 2. Bt Gu Fut uy ou (2) + (22), ) 205}, + ye a? OP PO ar PP arBL 3 aol r4# ) ae? r4 2, Simi, 2 = ul x) Be xe, See Bay (ayy 2xy 2) . Pu 2 ay? ar| z ar dr00 > a0 ae rt) So, Laplace's equation in polars to a Se ou yt au Bet ay? ar Or eu, Fu au ae a = is equivalent to eetS.QB. in Computer Science Engineering (3" Semester) (b) Let g(x, y, 2) =x? + y? and n(x, y, 2) <2 +z. The gradient vectors for f, g and h are VEG Ys 2) =<2,3,1> Vex, Ys 2) =< 2x, 2y <0> Va(x, ¥, 2) =<1, 0,1 > Consider the system, 1=2 2=A4 py O=2+ 2pz x+ytz=l yaad, Since 4 =1, this is equivalent to 2uy =1 Qe =-1 xtytz=l yaad Clearly » ¥ 0. Thus y = anaz=-L., 2p 2 By the last equation yavad 2) 4u? pet 1 22" Therefore, the extreme value f(1, V2, ~ V2) =1+ 2v2. 5. (a) The integral J = Seo {(2xy + Idx + (x? = 2y)dy) 3 may be re-written | F- dr > on 2 a where; F =(2n +1)i +(x? -2y)j atin i jk ao] a a al a a a Fal = 2 fLls01+0j+0k, Now, V x F oe a 2 J 2xy +1 x?-2y 0 72> - AsV x F = 0; F is conservative field. I So, 1=f? { dex bel ir +0? bar} =0 2 23.2 1 alee =4-14+2-05 “f(s Ad wi oe ta tx 142-055.248 a -, rd S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering 3 Semester) wd (b) We have Gauss divergence theorem, Sff div Fav =ff F-nds. v 5 aM Now, div F=V - F "a a na\y * _.24 = GO EE ari -y? i + yz = (i sigs al = Zum+ Zo +209 => 42-2y+y = 4z-y. Hence, by divergence theorem, we have [JB -nas = [ff av F av $ v rip «4 => J J J Gz-ydedyax x=O0y=02=0 14 => f Jae? -y2h gdyde x=Oy=0 14 => J J Q-y)dydx xeO0y=0 1 => f jay- x20 3.1 23 3 ={x] = Sf1-0]=5. > ho 2 a) 2 Heeg S e sy (@) We know that x (Bx C) = BtA-C)—C(A- B) @) Here; A=sinO 7 + cos 0) +08 Be cos 07 ~sin 0} - 3k C=21435-% -B=2sin 0+3cos 0-0 s A+B =sin 0 cos 0 —cos 0 sin 0-30 =-30 So, from equation (i), Ba. c)- ca. B= =(cos 07 sin 0 j- 34)(2 sin 0 +3 cos 0- 9) =Qi+3j- ae 30) => (sin 20 +3.c0s?0 - Ocos0)i +(~2 sin?o — 3 sin 0 cos 0+0sin 0)), +(—6sin0 -9cos @ 4308 DadS.QB. in Computer Science Engineering (3° Semester) 249 AtO=0 d n dX BX CN =(043 -o1 +(0-040)7+(0-9+ Ok +(0-9+ Hk An =31 -9k a yA (b) Let r =xi + y j + zk be the position vector of any point P(x, y, z). ot A Then 7 =277 +(? —41) 9 4+. Gr —5)k. viseiventyd? 4n.n%, d My x Now, velocity is given by — = (21?) j + £(¢? — ayy j + Zep - Ben ae dt EF GO MNS + Gtk > Wier 7438. Velocity at =1, is given »(2) =4)-25 43k lt t= = Required component of velocity 2 in the direction (i —3 j + 2h) is it 7 eee a Eosieak og) 25430. tli -3 9+ 2k 1 = + 2-3) +3-2)= =a vt vid 4 7. 2d. @e+ yt Letx+y=r dy_dt . dy_dt BoA O_O dx dx dx dx > ea saa re dx 1+ 2 t ‘ = pHegspe Jama = fae dx tra a > Jere = fdi-[a —adtexte 4a mi(xty)_ > aa? Liar(L)ex te 4))-atn E2)exve a yoo! x+y 2 La n(2=8 ‘). wes) ml| 250 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3 Semester) (b) Here, y = 2Px + P?, where P =—— ae dx dx Ax+P) _2e+P)__ 2x 4 P P 2x + ap P 2 So, solution will be x-P? = -2P7dP 3 aif => Px= - 6c ga a8 oP So, y = a(-2 So, solution are x = © @y 2 - (a) 5 + 7y = scons. This is a type of (D? + a?)y =sec ax. Step 1. Compare with 2 x + Po + O(x)y = Ra). Complimentry function; Lety =e. Auxilary equation f(x) = (mn? + a)e™ =0 of, m2 +a? =0 or, m Yor =, cosax + ¢, sinax =a? or, m= ai Step 2. Particular integral (x) = AU(x) + BY(x) U(x) = cos ax, V(x) = sin a Az-f[ME ax, pa VR W(x) venS.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3"! Semester) 251 cos ax sin ax asinax a cos ax W(x) =a #0 aga) == fiat 806 a @ dx =lxay singe axa” cosax 1 =—log! 1 a Substitute a, intou ,(x) = a,e* The general solution of u(x) u(x) =u,(2) + u(x) > qe + ¢, cos V6x + c, sinv6x. We find solution of original equaion from the equility yx) = ale € + ¢,cos(v6x) + ¢, sincln). ). (a) Here, U =- 5x3 -12xy —6y5 au Fe Ue =15x? = 12y au ous =-12x -30y4 yy x ~30y Ifz= f(x, y) then the change in Z is Oz = % dy + % ay ox ay de = fide + fydy. which is read as “the change in z is due partially to a change in.x ZaxS.QB. in Computer Science Engineering (3"4 Semester) Then the a nn) is dz =ydx + xdy and ifz=x?y? then, dz = 2xy3dx + 3x2y dy, (b) Recurrence relation I: ODP | =(2n + DxP,(n) —nP, (x) +1 AP) =F Pan) + Pa) oF oy Multiplying by P, _ ,(x) on both sides of equation (i) we get _ m+) APACIP, 1) =F Py (8)Py 1X) + oH Now integrating with respect to x from 1 to 1 we get 1 “nel Ji, 3P,@)P, Gar = JE Pav GOP, -1@ae 253 wei) Pr, 1) 1G) n 1 malt (p,1@)Pae gece ase taDan ty Gat) na -)+1 2n 2n FFD) an? aTaero cael 254 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3° Semester) Code: 100311 B. Tech 3" Semester Examination, 2020 (New Course) MATHEMATICS-III Time: 3 Hours Pass Marks: 28 Full Marks: 70 Instructions: (@ The marks are indicated in the right hand margin. (ii) There are NINE Questions in this paper. (iii) Attempt FIVE Questions in all. (iv) Question No. 1 is compulsory. 1. Choose the correct answer of the following (any seven): 2x7=14 Sedat (a) The value of lim (= J xox @o (i) 1 Gi) e (iv) Ve (b) Let f(x) =Ixl and g(x) =1x°), then (i) f(x) and g(x) both are continuous at x = 0 Gi) f() and g(x) both are differentiable at x = 0 (iii) f(a) is differentiable but g(x) is not differentiable at x =0 (iv) (2) and g(x) both are not differentiable at x = 0 (c) The value of V7{(1 - x)(1 - 2x)} is equal to @2 Gi) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) 6 (@) Ifv =x? i -— 2x2] =3yz? f, then the value of curly at (, -1, 1) is equal to A A A a ) @-(G-26 Gi) (i -34) Gii) (i - 2k) tv) G-25-% ) (©) The degree of the differential equation 2 3 ! y%(*) sing 2) ~cos x =0is dy \dy dy wo (i) 1 (iii) 2 Civ) cannot be determined (f) The solution of the boundary value problem (x ~y?x)dx - (x?y ~ y)dy = 0, (0) = 0is @ x? -y? =0 (ii) 2x -y =0 (iii) x -2y =0 (iv) none of the aboveS.Q.B, in Computer Science Enginecting (3 Semesicr) 255 (g) Let P,(x) be the Lagendre polynomial of degree n > 0. If lpr ai j2 Lahde “Ca =) then the value of (k, 1) is @ (1) (ii) (1, 2) (iii) (2, 1) (iv) (2,2) (h) The general solution of Bessel differential equation 27y"() + ay"(X) + (8? = 64) y(x) = Os i) a = AJg(x) + BJ_g(x), where A and Bare arbitrary constants ) » = AJg(x) + BY_¢(x), where A and B are arbitrary constants Gil) y = AJg(x) + J_g(2), where A is arbitrary constant (iv) ¥ = Joy) + Ya,4(x) (i) The equation ptany + q tanx = sec?x is of order @1 (i) 2 (iii) 0 (iv) none of the above (@ The solution of ptanx + q tany =tan zis sin x/ siny = g(siny / sinz) Gi) sin x - sin y = 9 (sin y/ sin 2) (ii) sin x/ siny = (sin y- sin 2) (iv) sin x/ siny = (sin y - sin z) 2. (a) If y =(sin7! x)’, then show that 1-27) p 2 (2m + DI pg Vy =O. Hence find (y,,)9. 7 ~ tan x \* (b) Find the value of lim (=) rod x 3. (a) Discuss the continuity of the following function f(x, y) at point (0, 0): sin ylayl — Jy! ———., @, y) # (0, 0) Sf y)= x? + y? 7 0 (x, y) =(0, 0) Dy y2 292X°3Y) (x, 9) #0, 0) (b) For the function f(x,y) =} x? + y? 0 (x,y) =(0, 0) check wheather f,,(0, 0) and f,_(0, 0) are equal or not, 7 4. (a) Find the minmum value of x? + y? + 2? subject to the condition yz =a, 4 (b) Obtain the second-order Taylor's series approximation to the function ‘Se, y) = xy? + y cos (x —y) about the point (1, 1) 6 2 4 y2 + 22)", then find div grad f and determine n, if div grad 5. @) If f=? +y? +2°) < f=0.256 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3° Semester) (b) Verify Green's theorem for J {(xy + y)dx +x7dy} c where C is bounded by y =x, y =x. 8 6. (a) Find the value of n for which the vector rx is solenoidal, where r=xi ty j+zk. 7 (b) Solve the differential equation (y4 + 2y)dx + (xy? + 2y4 — 4x)dy =0 7 7, Solve the following differential equations: 7+7=14 (@) p =sin (y — xp). Also find its singular solution. yy 73 3x2 ay =x logx 8. (a) Prove that 2nJ,(x) +.x(J,_)(2) + Jpg) 7 er (©) Prove that 3) 2p, =1 tog{1**). 7 n+l 2 l-x 9. Solve the following differential equations: 7+7=14 @xpty'q=(@ty)z (0) @& + yp + 9)? + - yp 9)? =1 Aes 1. @ (i) 1 : Explanation: lim|{ *" 4) x 0\ x if lim [f@) EF = re i So, lim [f(x)8@ = et 7* xo sQOU@-1) (b) () (2) and g(x) both are continuous at x = 0, Explanation: Using graph, We easily find about continuity and differentiability of f(x) and g(x). (© Gi) 4 Explanation; divergence (I ~ x)(1 - 2x) V4 2a? 3x) = 24 282-3 2ay—3 Ox V?.(1 + 2x? -3x) =V «(4x ~3) a = Fx D=4.S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3"4 Semester) 287 an @Gii)-G-2k) n Explanation: V =xy? i ~2x2yzj ~3y22k rom * i i k comvevxv-}2 2 2 a ay a ay? -2x?yz —3yz? > i(gc 3yz”) - Zc 2x0] - {Zea = 2) . . . + (2c 2xy2) -2c) => i(-3z? + 2x?y) — j(O - 0) + k(—2xyz — 229) put (I, -1, 1) > ic 31)? + 20)°(-1) - oj + ke 4((-D@) - 20-1) => -5i4+0)+6k => 57 +6h (e) (iv) Cannot be determined. Explanation: Order = Highest order derivative Degree = Degree of highest order derivative 2 3 yf) 4 sinyf 2] -cos x=0. dy \dy dy Here, y in under of ‘sin’ So, degree is not defined. (f) (iv) None of the above Explanation: (x — y?x)dx = (xy —y)dy x(1—y?)dx + y(x? - dy (ie ydy x Let x? — yr -l=z 2xdx =dt | 2dydy =de Lpdt 1 pM & togint == loglal+ ogc at 2°2 => logit-zl=logC Iftez=C => (7 -NQ?-I)=C Put y(0) =0 (0-0-1 =C or, C =2. (x? ene? or, x2y2-x? -y? +2=2 oF, xytax? ty?258 Rn . (a) Given: y =(si S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3™ Semester) (g) Gii) 2, 1) r Explanation: We know that if P,(x) is Legendre polynomial. 2 So, 1, PLi@ar = But here : =——.,. 2n-1 so by comparing; k =2; 1 =1. (h) (i) y = Adg(x) + BY_g(*) Explanation: Bessel equation x?y"" xy' + (x? -V)y =0 Here, if V is integer, So, it is of kind 2. Here, V? =64, So, V =8. @@1 Explanation: This is Lagrange’s Partial differential equation of order 1. oo = o( 22) siny " (sinz Explanation: p tan x + q tan y =tanz Weak tanx tany tanz cot x dx =cot y dy =cot z dz Take cot xdx =f cot ydy Jeoty dy =f cotz dz log sin* = log sin y + log C, | log sin y = log sin z + log C, sinx i eae cy = siny sin z $0, _ ,f siny) siny "(sing = 52 x) To Prove: (1 - x?)y —xy, 2 =0. Differentiate ‘y’ with respect to ‘x’ ® 2a sin-ty. 1 de Loa Again differentiate dy / dx with respect to ‘x’ vt ax? = sin“ x_ S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engincering (3°! Semester) 259 (x?) Now from L.H.S, (= x)yy 29, => (=x) inv! sin) x —XC28in a) -x? =x? 2 = 2-2=0=RHS. Proved. ‘We can show the validity forn =3 and so an, hence we can write (=x) 42 2x + Day, 4 -27y, =0 fant 1x? (b) L= lim (=) a zool x Taking log on both sides log L= lim 410g m2) is( 2) fom x30 x x 0 By L’Hospital Rule, 1 tan x| x sec”x — tan | ok x lim x30 2x Bye 0 => jim 252! ad fan x [Seon] x90 2x" tan x Again L’Hospital Rule . sec?x +2x sec?x tan = seo*x lin rr 490 2[x?sec?x + 2x tan x] if 0 tan x o => tim [? tor] 0x sec*x +2 tan x Apply by L’Hospital Rule,260 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering 3" Semester) li sec?x - sec?x + tan x-2 sec?x- tan x log L = lim = x70 sec?x + x(2 sec?x tan x) + 2 sec*x logh=2 «Lael, = logh=; sin Yogl -inl yy 200, 0) 3. @) f(% = |x? + y? 0 , y) =(0, 0) We have, Isin (xy)1 SI xy | => Lal < fx? +9? = lyls yx? Vx? ty Hence, Vixl .) Similarly, f,(x, y) = =v) eo eee £S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3" Semester) 261 Now find derivaties at (0, 0), using the definition = jim £440 ~ 0, 0) $0.0) = him “PEO =LO.9) 6 = tim £00.49) = £00, 0) _ F,(0, 0) = alin OS £0.99, So, at origin f, # fre. > (a) Minimum value of x? + y? + z? will be When x = y =z = p (let say) Given: xyz =a? => px px p=a? => p> =a +. p=a. Hence, x = So, the minimum value of x? + y? + 22 => a? +a? 4a? =3a?, () The Taylor expansion for a function of two variables (upto the second order) is Flee ¥) = flys Yo) + (2) (ex) + (2) o-¥) 8 Nes, y9) (x0 Yo) 2 52 3(24) (=x)? + +3(24) O90)? ax” Jess. 90) Phase) +|— (= XPO Yo) +++ (s ees For the function, f(x) = xy? + cos (xy). The relevant derivatives are re Z-y ~y sin (xy); ( ah yr? Far - x sino 2) sail (+4) PF yp on 24] =0 axe Ont (..2)262 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engincering (3° Semester) Z as = i = 2x - x cos on St a 2 2. af in xy;| LE =n-l. = 2y —ay cos (xy) — sin x95 aay ‘ax oy (.2) 2 Combining all these terms, we get 2 2 2 poun=Za( 2 -Ffu-neeeafy-J}+(9-J) + (n-IN(x of -$)+ 5. (a) Here given f = Where, r =x? + y? +z Now, we know that, grad (f) = f"(7) (5) => div enapaan( re: a= ered LO) 4,44 LO divin "7 r => grad(2n -r2"~2) [r+ Qnr2"-2..3 = M-(2n = 2) +?" 2 Arh 4 Gar"? => 2n(2n + 1)r?"-?, So, if div (grad f) =0 = = 2n(2n +1)=0 > n =00rn =- nie Further ifn =Othen f(r) =r° =1 ifn =- F then foyer" (b) We shall find the points of itnersection of y =x and y = Equating the R.H.8,x =x? => x-27 =0 = x(l-x) 5 +. ¥ =0,1and hence (0, 0), (1, 1) are the points of intersection, We have Green's theorem in a plane,S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3"4 Semester) 263 [max + Ndy = ff (2 ~ Baty The line integral f (xy + y?)dx + x2dy c = J (@y +y?)de + x7dy} + f (Gay + ydx + x7dy) oa io =hth. Along OA, we have y = x? +. dy =2xdx and x varies from Oto 1. Iai goex? + x4de + x?-2xdx 13.3 4 x4yay -[3*4 4 2 =(G: \dx =| —— +—]= JpG2* + dx [> + Along, AO, we have y =x ndy= x varies from 1 t0 0. =[Peex +x%)dr + xPave [Prd = [xP =- Hence,{, +1, =22 -1=—, 20-20 aN _ aM Also, R.H.S. lax dy. (Fe -Hea Where, N =x?, M =xy+y” oN 2x; OM es 2y. ox dy Ris the region bounded by y =x? and y =x ON _ OM 1 (2 ~ aa ty =ftif a Qe fof ya = 2vddade — 2y)dyete 1 3 => [oly -97K ade = fie - dx. a rd 264 S.QB. in Computer Science Engineering ‘semeste) Hence L.H.S, = R.H.S. Proved. ery 6. (a) Let F=r"r a aseh hg yy} + arth => r(xityjtzk) = arity jter Re nein i j ok 4 vxri2 2 2 ex dy jer" yr" art ar a1 or si gir") 2 — yur"! 2 J=0 = of ote Forall values ofn vector F is irrotational. > v- Fender =2(" sean 1 ox ax > Br tar" 2x2 +y? 4.27) > Btn)r". = Whenn =—3 we getV - F =0. (b) (4 + 2y)dx + (ay? + 2y4 - 4x)dy =0 wn) Compare with Mdx + Ndy =0 OM. _ gy} 4.2, ON aay? 42, % Syne on om # e So, itis not > # =? SO, itis not . oy a exact. 1 ~3fta Integrating factor =e! = ¢ Se 3108 Y = plop y-3 _ Multiply 1.F. in equation (i), we get 2 4x yeas [1.29 M8 a ( 3} y)?x S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3"! Semester) 265 So, itis exact, because 2. = x. y ae So, general solution will be [ Mdx + | Ndy =C 2 = (+3 }e+ fan = aay tBaytec 3 > s[o« Jv . (a) An equation in the form y = Px + f(P) is kwon as Clairaut’s equation. Differentiating with respect to ‘x’ ap ap P=P+x—+ ppp x fe) = wrote P OH EL) =0 #P <0, sivenP =C. Now the Clairaut’s equations becomes y =Cx + f(C). Here the solution of the Clairaut’s equation is obtained an replacing P by C. Now, the equation is P sin (y - xP) => sin P=y-xP => y=xP +sin'P. Itis Clairaut’s equation. So, its solution is y =CS + sin“!C. (b) We have (D? — 2D + I)y =e" log x. Auxilary equation ism? — 2m +1=0. iLe.,(m -1)? =0 ie.,m =1, 1. Hence complimentry function is y, =(c, + ¢)x)e* y = Act + Bxe* oi) We have, y, =e*; y2 = xe" yl =e% yo axel +e 2x W = yyy! Yay Bx 4 etx — xe Also, (x) = e* logx.rina 3 266 S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3 Semester) 2 Acree. 6, pox logx—x=Co- 2 4 Substituting these values of A and Bin equation @), we get a Dol za*logs Lc, ef +(x log x —x+c)xe* 2 4 2 Betloax x7" | Dog xek — xe 2 4 ee sPlogxe’ _3 2,5, 2 4 y=(q + @xe* — =(q + egret + 248 Thus, y =(c, + cx)e* + Te log x -3). 5 Ge Braye rl (oy 8. (2) We know that, x"J,() = D1 aS L0"s,00) =x", 1). So, Jy!) =J,_1@) = (i) Jul) =F Iq 1(0) Jp ei] wai) Jn) =25,0) ~Ina1@) wa (iii) Subtracting equation(iii) from (i), we get 0 HJ) + Jpg 1) = 2} x 2n IA) = Ip) +I 2) 2nd (X) = X( 40) + Jy (2). Hence proved. (b) Let’s find a general formula for the following: Sy = Snr" nel Notice that S,, ~rS,, w mS pagel, me? ng yr th gp oe 1S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineering (3"! Semester) 267 m2 vel m| -am+pf=) 4h gm aga) - (5) Similarly, ae slim 3/3) ny hn 9. (a) Solve: xp + va =(xty)z a x Sy SZicesyye ar y = (x+y) Equation of Characteristics: & = 4 -_de__ xe yy? (x+y)z Theo, [4% = f2 = Lod yg Sig FU yet, xy? xy xy qxtl $0, = dk x (xty)e Pen qx tl q+ 2x, gx+2 de (qx +1) xCyx+l) Zz = jae#2 [Hs 242 1,1 x(q,x +1) xqx4l) x x(qx +) = —1_.4,_9 5 ggxsnsarat xqx+l) x |(x) +1 A=1,B= i = n(x) = In(oyx +1) =In(2) = Ine. -—S_|ax =f Z qxtl z Taking Jog inverse on both the sides, we get “Hert So, (52, 2). 0. wiz. rd S.Q.B. in Computer Science Engineer (3% Semester) 2 (b) Solve: (x + yp + 9)? + ~(P — D Let us putx+y =X?, x-Y =Y? 1 a ae de ok , oe OY 1, Le then p=3"= 39 ae "ay ox 2X OX 2Y OF ay 1 eZ 1 Now substitute in the equation. 2 2 weee(2) + ea =1. Ox ay Complete integral of the equation is z = ax + byt+e. Here a? + b? =1. Now replacing the value of X and Y we get, zeayx+y+(fl-a?)J(x-y) +e where a and c are arbitrary constants. oo0