Tissues
1. Definition of Tissues
Tissues: Groups of cells with a similar structure and
function working together to perform specific functions.
2. Plant Tissues
Meristematic Tissue
Characteristics: Small cells, thin cell walls, large nuclei.
Types:
o Apical Meristem: Found at the tips of roots and
shoots. Causes growth in length.
o Lateral Meristem: Found in the cambium. Causes
growth in thickness.
o Intercalary Meristem: Found at the base of leaves
or internodes. Contributes to growth in length.
Permanent Tissue
Simple Permanent Tissue:
o Parenchyma:
Structure: Thin cell walls, large vacuoles.
Function: Storage, photosynthesis, and
healing.
o Collenchyma:
Structure: Unevenly thickened cell walls.
Function: Mechanical support in growing
regions.
o Sclerenchyma:
Structure: Thick, lignified secondary cell walls.
Function: Provides mechanical support and
strength.
Complex Permanent Tissue:
o Xylem:
Components:
Tracheids: Elongated cells for water
transport.
Vessels: Tubular structures for efficient
water transport.
Xylem Parenchyma: Storage of nutrients.
Xylem Fibers: Provide mechanical
support.
o Phloem:
Components:
Sieve Tubes: Transport of food.
Companion Cells: Assist sieve tubes.
Phloem Parenchyma: Storage.
Phloem Fibers: Provide support.
3. Animal Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Functions: Protection, absorption, secretion, filtration.
Types:
o Simple Epithelium: Single layer of cells.
Types: Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-
shaped), columnar (tall).
o Stratified Epithelium: Multiple layers of cells.
Connective Tissue
Characteristics: Provides support and binds other
tissues.
Types:
o Loose Connective Tissue:
Areolar: Supports organs, fills spaces.
Adipose: Stores fat.
o Dense Connective Tissue:
Tendons: Connect muscles to bones.
Ligaments: Connect bones to bones.
o Cartilage: Flexible support.
o Bone: Rigid support, mineral storage.
o Blood: Transports nutrients, gases, and waste.
Muscle Tissue
Types:
o Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, striated, moves bones.
o Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, striated, found in the
heart.
o Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, found in
internal organs.
Nervous Tissue
Components:
o Neurons: Transmit electrical impulses.
o Neuroglia: Support and protect neurons.
4 . Flashcards-
Flashcard 1:
Front: What are tissues?
Back: Groups of cells with a similar structure and function
working together.
Flashcard 2:
Front: Types of meristematic tissues.
Back: Apical, Lateral, Intercalary.
Flashcard 3:
Front: Function of parenchyma tissue.
Back: Storage, photosynthesis, healing.
Flashcard 4:
Front: Components of xylem.
Back: Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, xylem
fibers.
Flashcard 5:
Front: Types of connective tissues.
Back: Loose (areolar, adipose), Dense (tendons,
ligaments), Cartilage, Bone, Blood.
Flashcard 6:
Front: Functions of epithelial tissue.
Back: Protection, absorption, secretion, filtration.
Flashcard 7:
Front: Types of muscle tissue.
Back: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.
Flashcard 8:
Front: Components of nervous tissue.
Back: Neurons, Neuroglia.
Flashcard 9:
Front: Difference between plant and animal tissues.
Back: Plant tissues focus on support and transport, while
animal tissues specialize in movement, support, and
communication.
Flashcard 10:
Front: What is the function of sclerenchyma?
Back: Provides mechanical strength with lignified
secondary cell walls.
