Jan
2021
MALL OF ARABIA
ISLAMABAD EXPRESS WAY,
ISLAMABAD
ELEVATORS TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
ACS ENGINEERING CONCERN
ELEVATORS TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
MALL OF ARABIA, ISLAMABAD EXPRESSS WAY, ISLAMABAD
PROVISION OF PASSENGER ELEVATORS
REPORT ON ELEVATOR TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
A- Brief Building Overview
The proposed building for the project is multi-story type and is proposed to be
constructed along the main Islamabad Expressway, Islamabad. The building
will be a mixed used facility comprising super market at lower ground level,
retail shops at five levels, food court at sixth floor, kids play area at seventh
floor and Cinemas. The upper five levels will be utilized for offices. The retail
zone is mainly planned with inclinators/escalators and additional certain
elevators are also provided to facilitate the customer’s movement. The upper
level based offices are provided with separate elevators for the independent
movement of office related passengers. The floor height varies at different
level, however the average floor height per level is around 16 feet (4.9 meter)
and the total vertical travel from 3rd basement to top floor is around 257.25 feet
(78.4 meters).
B- Preamble to Traffic Analysis
Since the building will be a mixed used facility therefore it can be divided in
two main zones with respect to passenger movement; one will be referred as
Retail Area (i.e shops, food court, kids play area & Cinemas) while 2nd zone
will be referred as multi-tenants office facility. The retail zone is proposed to be
provided with both passenger elevators and inclinators/escalators while office
zone is proposed to be provided with passenger elevators only. Additional 2 no.
Cargo elevators are proposed which will serve both the zones during a specific
period of time and further it may serve for passenger’s movement as an
alternate means of vertical movement during peak traffic conditions.
A traffic analysis has been conducted while establishing capacity and number of
the elevators based on the presumed population in each zone. The main purpose
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ELEVATORS TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
of this analysis is to work out the performance of elevators thereby handling
handsome number of occupants in recommended 5 minutes in a moderate round
trip and waiting time.
C- Basis of Traffic Analysis
To conduct the traffic analysis various building parameters are required to
worked out to feed in the analysis software. The required parameters are listed
as:
1. Number of floors
2. Rated load (Kgs)
3. Number of passengers
4. Number of Elevators
5. Rated speed (meter/sec)
6. Building population (persons)
7. Average Inter-floor distance (meter)
8. Single floor flight time (sec)
9. Door close time (sec)
10. Door open time (sec)
11. Advance door opening (sec)
12. Start delay (sec)
13. Passenger transfer time (sec)
14. Estimated traffic population
The analysis will be conducted primarily based on 3 no. specific passenger
elevators for both the office area & retail area zones and secondly considering
the usage of one Cargo elevator in conjunction with passenger elevators. In
pursuance of given requirements following capacity elevators are analyzed:
1- Elevators for Office area zone : 1,275 Kgs to 1,600 Kgs
2- Elevator for Retail area zone : 1,600 Kgs to 2,000 Kgs
c-i- Traffic Population Estimation
a) Office Area Zone
Actual utilized floor area to be occupied : 179,220 Ft²
Recommended floor area/person : 129.1 Ft²/P (12m²/P)
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ELEVATORS TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
Estimated Occupancy (Pt) : 1,388 Persons
Recommended Utilization factor : 80%
Recommended absente factor : 15%
Net occupancy (Pt x 0.8 – 0.8Pt x 0.15) : 944 Persons
b) Retail Area Zone
Actual utilized floor area to be occupied : 327,879 Sft
Presumed floor area/person : 50 Ft²/P (5.1m²/P)
Estimated Occupancy (Pt) : 6,558 Persons
Presumed Utilization factor for elevators : **15%
Net occupancy (Pt x 0.8 – 0.8Pt x 0.15) : 984 Persons
** It is presumed that 85% traffic will be handled by the escalators and only
15% may use elevators.
D- Performance Criteria of Elevators Selection
For the selection of suitable elevators capacity and speed following specific
parameters would be considered:
Office Area Zone
Number of Serving Floors : 5 Floors
Percentage of Passenger Handling in 5 Min. : 11% to 15%
Average Waiting Time : 30 to 50 Sec
Elevator Travel Time From Main Floor to Top Floor : 25 Sec
Retail Area Zone
Number of Serving Floors : 8 Floors
Percentage of Passenger Handling in 5 Min. : Not Specific
Round Trip Time : Not Specific
Elevator Travel Time From Main Floor to Top Floor : 25 Sec
E- Calculations For Traffic Analysis
In pursuance of Elevator travel time from main floor to the last serving floor the
selected elevator speed for each zone can be calculated as:
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ELEVATORS TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
For Office Area Zone the total travel height from main floor to 11 th floor is 189
feet. Therefore the selected speed is 7.56 Ft/Sec or 2.3m/s and the available
elevator speed is 2.5m/s.
Similarly for the Retail Area Zone the the total travel height from main floor to
11th floor is 133 feet. Therefore the selected speed is 5.32 Ft/Sec or 1.62m/s and
the available elevator speed is 1.75m/s.
After working out the input parameters, it was fed into the software which gives
the results as highlighted in the analysis reports attached as Annexures. A
summary of the traffic analysis for all options is given as below:
Elevators Capacity
Zone Selection Parameters
1,275 Kg 1,350 Kg 1,600 Kg 2,000 Kg
= Round Tripp Time (RTT)-Sec 133.1 137.1
= Handling Capacity in 5 Min. 115 118
Office
(Persons) (12.2%) (12.5%)
Area
= Average Interval Time (Sec) 44.4 45.7
= Average Waiting Time (Sec) 115 118
= Round Tripp Time (RTT)-Sec 205.9 231.2
= Handling Capacity in 5 Min. 92 105
Retail
(Persons) (9.3%) (10.7%)
Area
= Average Interval Time (Sec) 68.6 77.1
= Average Waiting Time (Sec) 178 243
F- Conclusion
In view of the detailed traffic analysis summarized as above 3 no. elevators of
capacity 1,275 Kg and speed 2.5 m/s in Office Area Zone can almost serve the
purpose as far as the population handling is concerned but at the same time the
average waiting time is compromised, even if we increase the capacity of
elevators (i.e. 1,350 Kg), which can only be reduced by increasing the number
of Elevators. Similarly in Retail Area Zone the same situation exists however
using higher capacity elevators (i.e. 2,000 Kg) the population handling capacity
will be enhanced but the waiting time will be increased much. For Retail Zone
the usage of one Cargo elevator in conjunction with Retail Zone elevators may
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ELEVATORS TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
enhance the performance of the population handling as well as reduction in
waiting time.
Therefore in our opinion for the Office Area Zone; the elevators of capacity
1,275 Kg & speed 2.5m/s shall be concluded whereas for Retail Area Zone the
bigger capacity elevators i.e. 2,000 Kg with speed 1.75m/s shall be concluded.
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ANNEXURES
Analysis Based On 1,275 Kg Capacity Three Lifts
Lift traffic design spreadsheet - All Peaks
DESIGN ID
Design Name: Mall of Arabia
Design by: Syed Shehzad Raza
Design Date: 22/01/2021 11:16
INPUT DATA Value Comment
Number of floors 5 Number of floors (N ), range 4-24, above main terminal (MT)
Rated load 1275 ISO rated load (kg)
Actual car capacity 13.6 ISO area/0.21 sq.m. [persons]
Number of passengers 17.0 Number of passengers (P ) [persons]
Number of lifts 3 Number of lifts (L ) [number]
Rated speed 2.5 Rated speed (v ) [m/s]
Building population 944 Population (POP ) expected during peak 5-minutes [persons]
Interfloor distance 4.27 Average interfloor distance (df ) [m]
Express jump 0 Distance from MT to Express Zone Terminal (EZT) floor - Information only.
Express additional time 0 Extra time MT to EZT (te-tf (1)) [s] - from dynamics program
Single floor flight time 5 Time (tf (1)) from instant doors closed until lift level at next landing [s]
Door close time 2.9 Time (tc ) from instant doors start to close until closed [s]
Door open time 1.8 Time (to ) from instant doors start to open until 1000 mm open [s]
Advance door opening 0.15 Overlap time (tad ) of door opening and levelling [s]
Start delay 0.9 Delay time (td ) from instant doors close until motion starts [s]
Passenger transfer time 1.9 Time (tp ) one way transfer [s]
RESULTS Value Comment
Number of passengers 17.0 Given data from above (P ) [persons]
Highest reversal floor 4.98 Formula (H ) [number]
Number of stops 4.89 Formula (S ) [number]
Performance time 10.5 Time (T ) from instant doors start to close until 1000 mm open [s]
Round trip time 133.1 Formula (RTT ) [s]
Interval 44.4 Formula (INT ) Round trip time/Number of lifts [s]
Handling capacity 115 Formula (UPPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Percentage population 12.2 Formula (%POP ) Handling capacity/Building population [number]
Capacity factor (%) 125 Formula (CF ) Number of passengers (P )/Actual capacity (AC ) [number]
Uppeak average waiting time 115 Estimated value passenger average waiting time (AWT ) [s]
Down peak handling capacity 148 Estimated value (DNPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Midday peak handling capacity 132 Estimated value (MDDHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Analysis Based On 1,350 Kg Capacity Three Lifts
Lift traffic design spreadsheet - All Peaks
DESIGN ID
Design Name: Mall of Arabia
Design by: Syed Shehzad Raza
Design Date: 22/01/2021 11:17
INPUT DATA Value Comment
Number of floors 5 Number of floors (N ), range 4-24, above main terminal (MT)
Rated load 1350 ISO rated load (kg)
Actual car capacity 14.4 ISO area/0.21 sq.m. [persons]
Number of passengers 18.0 Number of passengers (P ) [persons]
Number of lifts 3 Number of lifts (L ) [number]
Rated speed 2.5 Rated speed (v ) [m/s]
Building population 944 Population (POP ) expected during peak 5-minutes [persons]
Interfloor distance 4.27 Average interfloor distance (df ) [m]
Express jump 0 Distance from MT to Express Zone Terminal (EZT) floor - Information only.
Express additional time 0 Extra time MT to EZT (te-tf (1)) [s] - from dynamics program
Single floor flight time 5 Time (tf (1)) from instant doors closed until lift level at next landing [s]
Door close time 2.9 Time (tc ) from instant doors start to close until closed [s]
Door open time 1.8 Time (to ) from instant doors start to open until 1000 mm open [s]
Advance door opening 0.15 Overlap time (tad ) of door opening and levelling [s]
Start delay 0.9 Delay time (td ) from instant doors close until motion starts [s]
Passenger transfer time 1.9 Time (tp ) one way transfer [s]
RESULTS Value Comment
Number of passengers 18.0 Given data from above (P ) [persons]
Highest reversal floor 4.98 Formula (H ) [number]
Number of stops 4.91 Formula (S ) [number]
Performance time 10.5 Time (T ) from instant doors start to close until 1000 mm open [s]
Round trip time 137.1 Formula (RTT ) [s]
Interval 45.7 Formula (INT ) Round trip time/Number of lifts [s]
Handling capacity 118 Formula (UPPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Percentage population 12.5 Formula (%POP ) Handling capacity/Building population [number]
Capacity factor (%) 125 Formula (CF ) Number of passengers (P )/Actual capacity (AC ) [number]
Uppeak average waiting time 118 Estimated value passenger average waiting time (AWT ) [s]
Down peak handling capacity 151 Estimated value (DNPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Midday peak handling capacity 135 Estimated value (MDDHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Analysis Based On 1,600 Kg Capacity Three Lifts
Lift traffic design spreadsheet - All Peaks
DESIGN ID
Design Name: Mall of Arabia
Design by: Syed Shehzad Raza
Design Date: 22/01/2021 11:20
INPUT DATA Value Comment
Number of floors 8 Number of floors (N ), range 4-24, above main terminal (MT)
Rated load 1600 ISO rated load (kg)
Actual car capacity 16.8 ISO area/0.21 sq.m. [persons]
Number of passengers 21.0 Number of passengers (P ) [persons]
Number of lifts 3 Number of lifts (L ) [number]
Rated speed 1.75 Rated speed (v ) [m/s]
Building population 984 Population (POP ) expected during peak 5-minutes [persons]
Interfloor distance 5.79 Average interfloor distance (df ) [m]
Express jump 0 Distance from MT to Express Zone Terminal (EZT) floor - Information only.
Express additional time 0 Extra time MT to EZT (te-tf (1)) [s] - from dynamics program
Single floor flight time 6 Time (tf (1)) from instant doors closed until lift level at next landing [s]
Door close time 3.4 Time (tc ) from instant doors start to close until closed [s]
Door open time 1.8 Time (to ) from instant doors start to open until 1000 mm open [s]
Advance door opening 0.15 Overlap time (tad ) of door opening and levelling [s]
Start delay 0.9 Delay time (td ) from instant doors close until motion starts [s]
Passenger transfer time 1.9 Time (tp ) one way transfer [s]
RESULTS Value Comment
Number of passengers 21.0 Given data from above (P ) [persons]
Highest reversal floor 7.94 Formula (H ) [number]
Number of stops 7.52 Formula (S ) [number]
Performance time 12.0 Time (T ) from instant doors start to close until 1000 mm open [s]
Round trip time 205.9 Formula (RTT ) [s]
Interval 68.6 Formula (INT ) Round trip time/Number of lifts [s]
Handling capacity 92 Formula (UPPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Percentage population 9.3 Formula (%POP ) Handling capacity/Building population [number]
Capacity factor (%) 125 Formula (CF ) Number of passengers (P )/Actual capacity (AC ) [number]
Uppeak average waiting time 178 Estimated value passenger average waiting time (AWT ) [s]
Down peak handling capacity 128 Estimated value (DNPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Midday peak handling capacity 111 Estimated value (MDDHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Analysis Based On 2,000 Kg Capacity Three Lifts
Lift traffic design spreadsheet - All Peaks
DESIGN ID
Design Name: Mall of Arabia
Design by: Syed Shehzad Raza
Design Date: 22/01/2021 11:21
INPUT DATA Value Comment
Number of floors 8 Number of floors (N ), range 4-24, above main terminal (MT)
Rated load 2000 ISO rated load (kg)
Actual car capacity 20 ISO area/0.21 sq.m. [persons]
Number of passengers 27.0 Number of passengers (P ) [persons]
Number of lifts 3 Number of lifts (L ) [number]
Rated speed 1.75 Rated speed (v ) [m/s]
Building population 984 Population (POP ) expected during peak 5-minutes [persons]
Interfloor distance 5.79 Average interfloor distance (df ) [m]
Express jump 0 Distance from MT to Express Zone Terminal (EZT) floor - Information only.
Express additional time 0 Extra time MT to EZT (te-tf (1)) [s] - from dynamics program
Single floor flight time 6 Time (tf (1)) from instant doors closed until lift level at next landing [s]
Door close time 3.4 Time (tc ) from instant doors start to close until closed [s]
Door open time 1.8 Time (to ) from instant doors start to open until 1000 mm open [s]
Advance door opening 0.15 Overlap time (tad ) of door opening and levelling [s]
Start delay 0.9 Delay time (td ) from instant doors close until motion starts [s]
Passenger transfer time 1.9 Time (tp ) one way transfer [s]
RESULTS Value Comment
Number of passengers 27.0 Given data from above (P ) [persons]
Highest reversal floor 7.97 Formula (H ) [number]
Number of stops 7.78 Formula (S ) [number]
Performance time 12.0 Time (T ) from instant doors start to close until 1000 mm open [s]
Round trip time 231.2 Formula (RTT ) [s]
Interval 77.1 Formula (INT ) Round trip time/Number of lifts [s]
Handling capacity 105 Formula (UPPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Percentage population 10.7 Formula (%POP ) Handling capacity/Building population [number]
Capacity factor (%) 135 Formula (CF ) Number of passengers (P )/Actual capacity (AC ) [number]
Uppeak average waiting time 243 Estimated value passenger average waiting time (AWT ) [s]
Down peak handling capacity 142 Estimated value (DNPHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
Midday peak handling capacity 124 Estimated value (MDDHC ) [persons/5-minutes]
