TRAFFIC ANALYSIS

DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Quality & Quantity of Service

Rule of thumb for quick reference,

 at least 1 lift is required for every 200~250 persons

 1 lift for every 3 floors; for excellent service

 1 lift for every 4 floors; average service

 1 lift for every 5 floors; poor service

 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Quality & Quantity of Service

Recommended Design Criteria

Type of building CIBSE Toshiba

Run Interval 5 min. HC Run Interval 5 min. HC

Office (rental) 25~30sec 11~15% <40sec 11~15%

Office (single tenant) 25~30sec >15% <30sec 16~20%

Apartment 40~90sec 5~7% 60~90sec 5~7%

Hotel 30~50sec 10~15% <40sec 10% (guest)

Hospital (staff*) 30~50sec 8~10% <40sec 20% (beds)

 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Populations

Population rate / density comparison

Type of building CIBSE Toshiba Elevator World/Otis

Office (rented) 10~12m²/person 8m²/person 16~30m²/person

Office (single tenant) 8~10m²/person 10m²/person

Apartment 1.5~1.9 persons/room 1.25~2 persons/room 1.5~1.75 persons/room

Hotel 1.5~1.9 persons/room 1.5 persons/room 1.75~1.9 persons/room

Hospital (staff*) 3 persons/bed 0.2 person/bed 4 person/bed

Department store 0.45~1 person/m² HC 1.4~2.3 person/m²

* Note: Assuming that visiting hours and staff peak movement hours do not coincide.
 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Max acceleration / deceleration

CIBSE Toshiba

Speed αm Jm αm Jm

≤60mpm 0.4~0.7 1.5~2.2 0.5 1.5

90~105mpm 0.7~0.8 1.5~2.2 0.7 1.5

120~150mpm 0.8~0.9 1.5~2.2 0.8 1.5

<180 1.0~1.2 1.5~2.2 0.9 1.5

 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Door opening/closing time (Td)

Td = td x f
where td = door opening/closing time
(sec)
f = no of probable stops
Door opening/closing time (td) (Toshiba)
Door Width (CO) Door time (td) K
sec
800 3.7 1.00
900 4.0 0.95
1000 4.2 0.90
1100 4.4 0.85
1200 5.0 0.80

Note: Door open & close time (without door dwell time during peak hour)
 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Number of probable stops ( f )

No of passengers
No of floors
above lobby 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

3 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
6 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8
7 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7
8 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.3
9 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0
10 6.5 6.8 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.7
11 6.7 7.2 7.5 7.7 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.3
12 6.9 7.4 7.7 8.1 8.4 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8
13 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.3 8.6 9.0 9.3 9.6 9.8 10.1 10.3
14 7.3 7.8 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.3 9.7 10.0 10.3 10.5 10.8
15 7.5 8.0 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.1
16 7.6 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.5 9.9 10.3 10.5 10.9 11.2 11.5
17 7.7 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.7 10.1 10.5 10.8 11.3 11.6 11.8
18 7.8 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.8 10.3 10.7 11.2 11.5 11.8 12.2
19 7.9 8.5 9.0 9.6 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.4 11.7 12.2 12.4
20 8.0 8.6 9.1 9.7 10.2 10.7 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.4 12.7
 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Passenger transfer time (Tp)

No of passengers (P) = Rated load x capacity factor (car loading ratio)

Passenger transfer time (Tp) = (0.8 + K ³√ f )

where K = door width factor
f = no of probable stops
(Toshiba)
Door Width (CO) Door time (Td) sec K
800 3.7 1.00
900 4.0 0.95
1000 4.2 0.90
1100 4.4 0.85
1200 5.0 0.80

Note: Door open & close time (without door dwell time during peak hour)
 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Passenger transfer time (Tp) per person for office building (sec)

(Toshiba)
No of probable
stops CO-800 CO-900 CO-1000 CO-1100 CO-1200
2 2.05 2.00 1.90 1.85 1.80
3 2.25 2.15 2.10 2.03 1.95
4 2.40 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.07
5 2.50 2.45 2.35 2.25 2.16
6 2.60 2.55 2.43 2.35 2.25
7 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.45 2.33
8 2.80 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.40
9 2.90 2.78 2.68 2.55 2.46
10 2.95 2.85 2.75 2.63 2.52
11 3.00 2.90 2.80 2.70 2.57
12 3.08 2.95 2.85 2.75 2.63
13 3.15 3.03 2.90 2.80 2.67
14 3.20 3.08 2.95 2.84 2.72
15 3.25 3.12 3.00 2.88 2.76
 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Passenger getting on/off time (Tp) in hotel, residential, departmental

store and hospital buildings

(Toshiba)

Passenger getting on/off time (Tp)

Locations Main floor Typical floors

Getting-on time 1.5 sec / person 2.0 sec / person

Getting-off time 1.25 sec / person 2.0 sec / person

 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – DESIGN CRITERIA & PARAMETERS

Other Passenger transfer time (Tp) recommendations without

door width or probable stops (f) consideration.

Lobby Loading Time (sec) (Otis)

No of persons Loading time No of persons Loading time
4 3.80 14 10.80
5 4.50 15 11.75
6 5.25 16 12.30
7 6.00 17 13.00
8 6.50 18 13.80
9 7.25 19 14.50
10 8.00 20 15.20
11 8.80 21 15.90
12 9.50 22 16.60
13 10.25 23 17.30

Note: Peters’ Research recommends 1.2 sec / person during peak period