1 Indefinite Integration If f and F are function of x such that F'(x) = f(x) then the function F is called a primitive or antiderivative or integral of f(x) w.t.t. x and is written symbolically as Jicodx= FQ) +6 Ae +0} = f(x), where Geometrical Interpretation of Indefinite Integral called the constant of integration. Jfoodx = F(a + C = y(say), represents a family of curves. The different values of ¢ will correspond to different members of this family and these members can be obtained by shifting any one of the curves parallel to itself. This is ‘the geometrical interpretation of indefinite integral. Let f(x) = 2x. Then [f(x)dx = x7+C. For different values of C, we get different integrals. But these integrals are very similar geometrically. Thus, y = x? + C, where C is arbit constant represents a family of integrals. By assigning different values of C, we get different members of the family. These together constitute the indefinite integral. in this case, each integral represents a parabola with its axis along y-axis. if the line x = a intersects the parabolas y = x, =A, Y= x7 2 at Poy Pry Pay Pots Pa yextttyexts ays etc., respectively, thenS¥ at these polnts equals 2a. This indicates that the tangents to the curves at these points are Parallel, Thus, [2xdx = x? +C = f(x) +C (say), implies that the tangents to all the curves f(x) + C, C € R, at the points of intersection of the curves by the line x = a, (a € R), are parall Standard Formulae Ob" ony © exper Stn a Jortdx=ten* 4c (iw) ©) sintax+bydx =—“costax+b) +e wi) a Jrantaxe bydx = Zin} sec(axsb)1-+6 (xy [sec*(axe b)de = Tranfaxe b)+c ” Indefinite integration js ax+b =tiniax+ b+ 6 a farridx= 12" ,cfa>o) P twa Joostax+b)dx= 7 sinfaxeb)+c Jeot(ax+b)dx = 2 1n sin(axe b)1 +c 1 Jcosec(ax+b)dx cot(ax+b)+C(x) fcosec(axt b). cot(axt b)dx = ~ Zeosec(axs! bec (xt Jeec(axe-b).tan(ax+-b)dx = Teectaxeb)+c (ti seexde = tn|secxstane|+e= ialtan( ZZ] 40 (iv) fooseexdx = (n|cosecx -cotx|+C= (n tan +e -imlcoseexs cota +6 dx 2X ow) gon j= tan See Bae aa (xvi Govity [p= cope Fa +C (xin) (xxi) God) Ja —¥ex = 2. Pot 7 in Se Got fale + aide = Ee +a +S enkar vie +a )+c Goxty) Vie - ax = Bie a ~ FS entns Vie a4 (ow) Jetsinbxdx = "(a sin bx - b cosbx) + C= a bx—tan* se fa? +b? ) Goel) Jet.cosbedx = ox-tatE} ee Techniques of Integration (acosbe+ b sin bo + C= cos] +b (@)__ Substitution or Change of independent Variable If #0 is a continuous differentiable function, then to evaluate integrals of the form J#@00'Godx,we substitute 4(x) = t and @ "x)dx = dt. Hence I= [f(o())'Wdxreduces to ff(t)dt. @ Fundamental Deductions of Method of Substitution #0) Jtcorteodxor j £0. dx pur fx) = t and proceed. oor Example Evaluate Indefinite integration(i= sin®x)cosx 5, ‘sinx(1+ sinx) Put sinx =t = cosx dx =dt = JE fate ine) = t+ c= entsin xl ~ sinx + Example 2: Evaluate { =x _ ova nae) Solution: The given integral can be written as (: - 3) dx —~ x) [3 vf (o3) x Utx 1) ua (ord) = t Differentiating we got ( dt Hence |= f——___ (84 Dtan"t Now make one more substitution tan“ = u. Then =2*- = duandi = {4 Returning to t, and then to x, we have Ie tn} tan" t]+C = én] +c 1 lean{x4 2 x] Ceres ea o Evaluate: | sor Gi) Evaluate: [cos* xdx @ Standard Substitutions ora? + x'dx; put x = a tan or x = a coto ie +x [paper ier Fencour ee a sine ore acoso es Indefinite integrationorf yx? = a? dx; put x = a secd or x = a cosecd J 2 ax put x= a cosz0 atx x=a put x =a cos’0 + psin' J ao oF { fx a)(P=%) dx; put x = a cos’0 + Asin’o J re or J sf(x=a)(« =p) dx; put x = a sec’o ~ tan’o J Pipa an tore pee Yor aye p) Example 3: Evaluate Solution: Put x = acos*0 + bsin’0, the given integral becomes 2(b-a)sindcos0.d0 {(acos? 0+ bsin? 0a) (b= acos? 0 =bsin? a)? jr Example 4: Evaluate f, Solution: Put x = cos*0 => dx = ~ 2sindeos0 do fizcosd 1 0 Is —1_(-2sinncoso}d0 = = fatan®tanogo = IIe cosa cosno ~Psimoeostan = = [tans tanoa sin?(0 /2) = af COI ayo 1+ Vinx = 2(n | sec + tand| +20 + +2cos" Vx +0 == 26a © evaluate: { #-2ax dx @) Evaluate: Se xk +4 4 Indefinite integration(b) Integration by Part Juv dx=ufvax -f[ Se Jose|oe where u and v are differentiable functions and are commonly designated as first and second function respectively While using integration by parts, choose u and v such that (0 Jvdx and “i {fe fv ]oe are simple to integrate. This is generally obtained by choosing first function as the function which comes first in the word ILATE, where; I-inverse function, L-Logarithmic function, A-Algebraic function, T-Trigonometric function and E-Exponential function. Example Evaluate: cos-Yx dx Solution: Consider! = [cosvxdx tet vk =t then ie. de=2vkdt or dx =2t det so |= Joost.2tdt Taking t as first function, integrate it by part > 1=a[sfeomran-j{SEJooers| a] [tsine- [asintdt] = afesint+eost]+c [Vk sinyx + cosy] +e Ans. Tesinx X gy =f X= sid Trsinx GF sinx (= sinx) x(1-sinx) dx [sec xdx~ [xsecxtanxd cos? | =[sfsce an {fee vexfan]- [afeecxtancej{SEseex tan x}or| -etanxftonxas]- [seca foeexdx] = [tan x = (n | sec xl] - [x sex x ~ (njsecx + tan xl] + C (cecxs tana). seex + (n| 14 sinx| +C Ans. = x(tanx ~ sec x) + (n ox(1~ sinx) osx Indefinite Integrationreesucc @ Evaluate: fxetdx (i) Evaluate: fx" sin(x?)dx Example 7: (a 1 Evaluate [e" = fer (12x47) (4? i (Gaya) fc ans. Gee) Grey 44x? Example 8: The value of fo az Joe equal to- et(1= x4 x?) OTe (0) None of these (+x +x?) (4? afer ar ae ee es) " Gee (lee Pr (tee Ph?” 4 eg teen) Gey tee Ga Ans.(D) (i) Evaluate: J xe" (sinx*+ cosy?) dx (iil) Prove that: |{f(x) + xf '(x)]dx = xf(%) + 6 Indefinite integrationExampl x+sinx 4, Treosx Evaluate f xesine n= {(xfsee S+tan2}on= tan +e ans. 2x (reo Concept Build @ Evaluate: f(tan(e") + xe'sec*(e"))dx (Evaluate: f(enx+ Ddx (c) _ Integration of Trigonometric Functions @ —— Jsin™ xcos" xdx Case-I When m and n € natural numbers. ‘odd, then substitute for the term of even power. If both are odd, substitute either of the term. If one of them If both are even, use trigonometric identities to convert integrand into cosines of multiple angles. Case-It m + nis a negative even integer. In this case the best substitution is tanx = t. Example 10: Evaluate [sin’ xcos* xdx Solution: Put cos x = t; ~ sin x dx = dt. so that |= ~ [(-t).thdt s['-eydr= 5 -F+c wet ee Alternate Put sin x = t; cos x dx = dt sintx so that |= [t%(1-t?)'dt = [(e-at's e)dt= + 6 8 Note: This problem can also be handled by successive reduction or by trigonometric identities. Indefinite integrationExample 1: Evaluate [sin* xcos! xc Solution sin? xcos* 1 2x) (cos 29 fe? coe nc of 50824) (s08 727) 4, JL o~cosanycos? ax+ 2cosax+ Ode feos? 2x+ 2co2%+ 1~ cos? 2x--2eos? 2x-cos2xx =1f(-c0s? 2x- cos? 2xt cos2+ tix 18042 2608 14608 cay ald 4 sing ina aL 6 2 _-1fsingx , 64 sinéx _sinax | 1 192 «64 «Ga nax+ ae 16 Example 12: Sm Evaluate f= cos? x Solution: bet = [2 ax of cos”? 19 Herem+n= > 4 (negative even integer) Divide Numerator and Denominator by cos*x. J tan sect xdx = | Jtanx(t+ tan?x)sec? xdx =f Ye(1+ ya (using tan x=) = ea 3 PP 400 2x4 Ztan x40 3 7 Corer @ — Evaluate: f cos"x -Biate cos"? x GD Evaluate: i) Evaluate: [ sin’ xcos* xdx ox ox Gy Seen OF J Fhainxcaaw-re cae arbsin'x whe: Divide N'and D* by cos* x and put tan x = t. 8 Indefinite integrationExample 13: dx Evaluate: |S sin? x Solutio: Divide numerator and denominator by cos? x j_seetde psc? xd 2sec?x+tan’x 243tan’x Let 3tanx = -. V3 sec? xdx = dt tpt ttt So t= Jo = tan Ans. Baer ees Eeampin tts dx Evaluate: _——__ Sa sinx+ 3cos x)" Solution: Divide numerator and denominator by cos?x f sec’ xdx (tance 3)? Let Qtanx+3=t, 2sec?xdx = dt ide 4 sae Pao" "Ratan rr araitt (Evaluate: | xe"dx ox Bsin?x+sinxcosx+1 (i) Evaluate: dx dx ox —9__ og ¢__9*__ op ;____8*\__ SSyesinx °* Sarbccax °° Savbann-rceerx Convert sines and cosines into their respective tangents of half the angles and put tan Kat inthis case sin x2! © eo 2tan de = 22 2 ire t i Example 15: dx Evaluate: {_———-——— vaste: | eax acDe% Indefinite integrationSolution: dx 3sinx + 4cosx tet so ns. Chea Evaluate: |—%* Besinx a @) Evaluate: + 4sinx+3cosx acosx+bsinx+¢ pcosx+qsinx+r w dx Express Numerator (w) = (o)# m 2 (0 + n and proceed, 2+3c0s0 in + 2c0s0+3 Write the Numerator = (denominator) + m(d.c. of denominator) +n 2+ 3. cost = ((sinO + 2cos0 + 3) + m(cost - 2sind) + n. Comparing the coefficients of sin0, cos0 and constant terms, We get 304 n=, 204 m= 3, (- 2m = 026 = 6/5, m= 3/5 and n =~ 8/5 sence = [ Sen 2[—f080=28in0_ yy 2p do 5°°* 5! Sing+2e0s0+3 ©” 5! sindvacos0+3 = Sa+en|sina+2cose+31—2), where |, = {98 _ 5's sind + 2008048 10 Indefinite integrationCa rucr oO @ In b, put tang= t= sec*d0 = 2dt 2 b= af St = af 8a Deane) «ta (00/24 Peates (tea 2 2 2 Hence |= +3 nj sind +2c050+3|~Stan"/200/2*1) .¢ Ans. 5 5 2 Evaluate: 3sinx+2cosx Evaluate: f=" * = Bcosx+2sinx Integration of Rational Function (@ Rational function is defined as the ratio of two polynomials in the form, a Q(x) are polynomials in x and Q(x) + 0. If the degree of P(x) is less than the degree of Q(x), then the rational function is called proper, otherwise, it is called improper. The improper rational , where P(x) and function can be reduced to the proper rational functions by long division process. Thus, oe is improper, then 22. = 1()4%: where T(x) is a polynomial in x and Bis proper rational 0) A) x) function. tis always possible to write the integrand as a sum of simpler rational functions by ‘a method called partial fraction decomposition, After this, the integration can be carried out easily using the already known methods. Form of the partial S.No Form of the rational function fraction : px’ tax+r (= a)(x=b)(x= ¢) 2 | Petaeer (x-a)"(x-b) px +qxer 3. | Galetebxre) x-a x +bx+e where x’ + bx +c cannot be factorised further Indefinite integrationExample 17: Evaluate: mam” ‘Solution: x B (DKS) AD aS or x= A(xt 5) + B(x - 2). by comparing the coefficients, we get A= 2/7 and 8 = §/7 so that dx 5 dx — Ans. Genes 7) x-2" Tikes Example 18: Evaluate i + 2O7+ 1) Solution: yey Gr DOED Gr DOD 2 2 xed Now, +4 16 3 (er AOE Sexe)” x ., xt 8 Grae Boxe) if ig? - os*"s Now, Je 2+ Za aaa | = de Beane Ben xe 21-1 tobe 4 +6 Ans. aris at © Pa ere Express ax"+bx +c in the form of perfect square and then apply the standard results. Gy [PEA gp f PEA ae ebesc esbere Express px + q = ¢ (differential coefficient of denominator) + m. 2 Indefinite integrationExample 13: Evaluate Solution: 7987 2) pectay TF e+1/4-3/4) dx Teremsvecny? [ekelyt e-1/2] 64 E242] +c tog 3x42 ad + 4x45 log 2x-1 lax | Ans. Example 20: Evaluate: Solution: Express 3x +2 = (dc. of 4x2 + 4x + 5)¢ mM or, 3x+2= (Bx +4) +m Comparing the coefficients, we get 8 = Sand 4¢ + m= 2 == 3/8 and m=2- 4¢=1/2 dx ay_exea slageare 2 arvanrs = Blog| ax? + 4x45 142, ae+axs+s 8 er axee xa Stog arts axest+tean'c+t| ee Ans. 8 an 2 Cro tioey dx XS +KHT Evaluate: x44 i) Evaluate: oa” e+ (iv) Integrals of form | — dx OR f— -dx, where K is any constant. Divide N‘ X+Ke Ht xk 1 and 0” by x’and proceed. Indefinite integration BNote: Sometimes it is useful to write the integral as a sum of two related integrals, which can be evalunted by making suitable substitutions e.g. Matg (et dx= dx+ dx Sela x4 ax [Stax ‘These integrals can be called as Algebric Twins. Example 21: sec'x Te tan" x = af (antes Dsec! x x4 sec? x 4 (tan* x +1) Now, put tanx = t => sec’x dx = dt 128 eg gf BUH tae ist nema aera[t gent ®) oz a2 a tet = tea A tan 2 eco2 Fear Ute z a a tanx -1/tanx = 2¥2 tan”) SOX— TENN) ec Ans. ee) Example 22: Evaluate: | 1d aera Solution: ——2 ax 2ityeen ap tee 2 lense ap tstht ie asi olj ue dx {dividing N' and Df by x3 ever ~plgeenre® Whiting and by 3 aL Oe) gy 2p GoM) 2) 17x) +7 (ert/x +3 Tee UI Fel wheret=x-tandusx++ x x ans. 1“ Indefinite integrationCores @ Evaluate: (i) Evaluate: iF +x (©) _ Integration of Irrational Functions ox dx o & sput px+qet? Leese ers Vaio pera dx a dx 1 $e putac tb = 2,f——% __ put x= 2 s (axed) pe tqxer vl (@r+bypr +a t Example 23: x42 Evaluate Waawanket © Solution: Let, | X42 __axput x +1= t= dx = 2tdt OF axe9 (942 ved qt? oe ef — E92 __ayat ag yf. Nee ae-aae een +t at Prat VE du { = f—EVE ar =a] where eure +0ay fo (2 a 2 # in B | Ans. sale re Ma ll (es) * Example 24: ox Evaluate [_——_——— Lares Solution: dx 1 Let! = f——S&__ put x- 1= Los dx =~ 1/tadt Sj coe nt t Ap tide dt 1 yt Vee +341 nfs) yo a at a Yay fra) eg) ov plow iees 1/2) keer 7ap 01772 +0 Indefinite integration 54 4 =- a! Ans. Blats Example 25: ox (Hen? dx Gee Wiee =f ~1/ tdt < tdt eee (eet Again let, ? = u, So that 2t dt = du. cp du 27 (ur Wat we put u—1=2? so that du = 22 dz 12a 2 ene - -4e"(F)r Evaluate: f Solution: Let, 1= which reduces to the form where both P and Q are linearso that Ans. o x (x- Wx 7 dx @ —— Evaluate:| ——— s view {f) Manipulating integrands © fo anen.take x* common and put 1+ x xO wf — ‘EN, take x" common and put 14x" = t" ax — take x “tect cay | Saye take & common and put 1+ x 6 Indefinite integrationExample 26: dx xGexy" Evaluate: Solution: orotic ox Evaluate: evaluate: | dx Evaluate: (-_—___ (evaluate: Gi Evaluate: x POT Miscellaneous Examples Example 27: Evaluate: ; Cos dx Solutio l= cos* x cos* x i= cot* xcosec’xdx * x{sin'x+ cos*x) xf1+cot'xy ey Put t+ cotte=t Scot*x cosec*xdx = - dt ans. (A) énitanx - cotx| + C (B) (nlcotx - tanx| +c (C) tan-(tanx - cotx) + C (D) tan-{-2cot2x) + C Indefinite integrationSolution: dx sect x cos*x+sintx 1+ tan®x If tan x = p, then sec? x dx = dp (1+ tantx? sec? xdx dxe 1+ tan® x Let! G+p'Ydp T+p +P) a =pet Ke a =tan“(k) +c (wrere P Ans. (C, D) sto (p=) tran x= cod +6 tan Example 28: 2sin2x-cosx 4, Evaluate: 2 08" x- 4sinx Solution: (4sinx- Deosx sin’ x-4sinx+5 Bsindx=cosx gy _ j__(4sinx- eosx Gacos'x-4sinx / 6-(I-sin'x)-4sinx t, so that cos x dx = dt: (atndt (C= 4t+5) Now, let (4t = 1) = (2t~ 4) +1 Comparing coefficients of like powers of t, we get Da4- Akt pend oli) h=2pe7 22t- 4) +7, vaatee =f 4 Paates Put sin: fl) dt__{using (and Gi} dt at t+ 7 =2log| t= 4t+51+7 Se TaLaaE dt = logit? ~ 4t + 5] +7 j——S* _= alogit? - at + 5] +7 tant - 2) +¢ Ney +07 a = Dloglsin’x ~ dsinx + 5] + 7 tan~(sinx ~ 2) + 6. Ans. 18 Indefinite integrationANSWER KEY FOR CONCEPT BUILDER 36 2 WD fer2G=x)-sin" Va=K +6 3 @ xet-ersec aM ettantxtc 5 @ — xtanley +c & @ — Fran'xec 1 2 1 Wt) Asin? x—2sin?x+ tein’ x4: asi =" 73 c 1 yo = tan"(S tanx) +c atanx /2+1) wa . Fo + a Jx-Hentsinxt cox] +e 10. -entxerlZentxeaiec 1. 2 2. 1". Indefinite integration wa CO) a @ a @ @ iy @ a a) @ a ay sinx - Lsin'x + 3 Te singe 3 sine) + xtnxt Pan”? x4 2 ua (8208*1) se ae vis + pall tanx/2-a 26 [Ve - tanx/2+2| +c R 5 en|acosx+ 2sinx|+C 3.3 inixe2|+ +e xe? ave + 4x41 ~ tal (x4 24 fe 4axat]4C vix+1] evel +x? +C fut) +c OeSingle Correct Type Questions 1. integrate with respect to x: viv (xs 3x0"? (xe 20498 fy COM eo) Me Be wm 1 2 Integrate with respect to x: egrate with respect to x: ha (A) Vivitc (B) (2x4+1"4c — (C) -Vievi +c 7 mia xe 4 stan(%sa) + 3 OF Siren drs tan($+a) ¢, then @a=-F,cerR (a ceR 4. if f(sin2x-cos2x) dx = bx x aya==2 cer cyasZ,cer (A) 4 (c) 4 5. The value of [£52 dx is equal to cosx (A) 2 sin x - tn [sec x + tan x| +6 (8)2 sin x = (nsec x ~ tan xl+C (©) 2sinx+ (nsec x + tan x +C (0) sin x ~ tn Isec x ~ tan xl+C 6. Ff S881 ye a cos 4x4 8; where A&B are constants, then ot - tanx (AA (a = 1/4 & B may have any value (8) A =~ 1/8 & B may have any value -V28B=-1/4 (0) A=B=1/2 7 Let g(x) be an antiderivative for ¢(x).Then es +(e())}is 20 antiderivatve for tw Medel) ag 2) gy) (oynone v4 (t(9) 14(e()) 1+(FO9) of 8. The value of ig dx is equal to w ec @) 2 46 (©) 2".inatc ()2a% +e ve ma . 20 c ite Integration2. 10. " 12. 13. 1". 15. 16. The value of S* dx is equal to _# (mn 5 Ss" oc (@ 9 @) +c (8) 5 (in 5)'+#C (Cc) vianx. The value of [F~Aiex oO Is equal to (a) 2ffanx +6 (8) 2yearx + (oc) VX (0) Jianx + 2 a ke If dx =K sin“! (24) +C, then the value of K is equal to Sie 4 1 1 (in2 (@) Fam2 OF Ong ify =] —®,, and y = 0 when x= 0, then value of y when x = 1, is: (4) 1 a) e) V2 c) 3y2 0) ¢ rf () 2 (o) 32 OF The value of { tan* 2x see 2x dx is equal to: 4 1 4 1 ny sect ax- 1 ~Asetex- 1 (A) Feec?ax- dee ax+c (8)~ Jeee?2x- 5 sec2x+c (©) Asect 2x- sec 2x+c (0) Asec?2x+2 secax+c 6 2 3 2 IF fx, (14x82) dic = P C4 287 + Q C1 + XPM)" +R (+ 282)! 4 C, then P,Q and Rare 4 8 4 8 4 wrediqe-& (red .qed wre d 4 (P= (P= S,Q= Iggacayemecust - (A) Inx+2 In(r+ x?) +c (@) Inx-2 n(t-x7) +c (6) tnx-2 in(i+x’?) ¢¢ (0) tnx+2 in(t-x") +c The value of f dx is equal to 1 “ ( y +o EHIME Indefinite integration7. 18. 19. 20. 22, 23. 24, - dxisequalto~ (28 9 1 iy" wierd} re wife. (where ‘C* is integration constant) et Consider f(x)=— 5; att)=[f(t)at. ifg(1) -otheng(x)equals - 1 ; 1) (1 1 (tee 1 (14x) A) Lelie) © dof + } © Jo . ) Os) The value of f(x-1) e* dx is equal to (@) +6 (®) xe +c (C)- xe" 4c (Oy xe +c The value of fet™"* (ee) is equal to T+x xe 4c em sc OL etree (xe 4C The value of fif(xig"(x)-f"(x1900)] dx is equal to feo, ) om *° (8) F(X) B09 - fod g@) +¢ (€) FO) B®) - FO) eG) + € (0) F0) £09 + FO) EO) +e J Re de equals (Fy nx an a) = +c (8) sec" areseex- Foe secixe (©) cos"tx- (0) secx--2X 46 The value of f(x e"#**~ cos x) dx is equal to: (A) x cos x +C (B) sin x - x cosx+C (C)-e"*cosx+ (D) sinx +xcosx+C Indefinite integrationi 25. Jor Wee (@) 208 [x-vert}re (©) eM @rvay+c 2atntx=t, cornasinxs 26, Lett(x)= 280% t+ sinx integration) (A) e tan x +c (8) e* cot x+C ) ¥-3 27 Jet | dxisequalto- @ «(Ef —1 by) is integration constant) 28. The value of me ww —t_+e sinx + cosx (©) in(sin x - cos x) + dxis equal to (©) ef [x-2fk +10 (0) (xe Vx ++ then fe'(F(x)+#*(x))dx (wherec is the constant of (C)etcosec?x+C (0) et secx + {xe} fa we(Sse oes (B) fn (sin x + cos x) +C (0) én (sin x + cos x + C 29. The value of fft+tanx . tan(x+a)]dx is equal to sinx [singx-+ a) (©)cot a (n Pose +e seox 30. The value of [Ysecx-1 dx is equal to x 2x1 (A) 2&1 x, Xl) ac a) n [soe$ eos" > 3) x x_4 = 2 tn] cos%+ feos*X-1 (c)-2 o(oord Joos? 5) +c ox ci The value of is equal to J cos® xvsin2x 9 a 2 (veox + Pant x) +c (A) cosa. in ©) v2 (sian ~ tant” x) +c Indefinite integration ©) tana in| Se + sing ral lcos(x +a)| (D) cot a. én +c B) tn{ cos%+,feos?¥-2] +c (B) o(eods eos? = (nX x_1) - inX+ Jcos?%-1 (0) - 200) sn5-+ feos? 3-3) + (2) 2 (ane ttantx) +6 (0) v2 (eaex Grane”) +c 2332. 38. derivative ot 7* Antiderivative reer (2) x-% arctan (VB tanx) + (c) x~ VB arctan (V2 tanx) +¢ Integrate t= cotx 1 1 (A) l09|sinx —cosx|+3x+6 © $i0a six +cosx~ x46 The value of ix is equal to Foxe 3 pane (2X42) 5 Bane (284) +e tan(%2") 8) (A) 2tncos* +e 2 ty oe ©) Zincos% +e (2x+3) Frfex Wace a)fcrayea oH) aa @s ox ‘ The value of | 2 sequal to xviex? fax = wien wart. xis: 1 tnx Ox-% arctan( 2) +c (0) x~ VB arctan (3) +c Wz (8) a] I sinx + cosx | thee (0) log) sinx osx |-2x+C 2 a; (2x41 ®) 4 tar (2g) +e =; (2x=1 ogee 41 4g ()-—**! 4x41 xexe1 © @) Binsin? +¢ (0) én sinx - (n(cosecx ~ cot x) + C swhere f(x) is of the form of ax? + bx + ¢ then (a + b +c) equals joe (D) none @ 4m |YoX*| 4 3 Ame 1 () Jinn-w ise Indefinite integration39. The value of J, cet dx is equal to. (A) fo (et +e =1) ~ sec“'(e) + (8) in (e+ Ver =i) +sec"(e) +¢ (©) tn (0-1) = see-"(e + (0) tm (0° + fe*=1) ~ sin (e) +6 ao. it fo% =A Bem wee Tx wasivest 2 too @as-da=d Indefinite integration x | +6, then x" Single Correct Type Questions 1% 2 5. 6. if FSOSREBIONS OK ea a ; (F(x))+6(x)+C where ¢ is the constant of integration and f(x) is ett sinx +x positive, then f(x) + ¢ (x) has the value equal to (Alet+sinx+2x (B)et+sinx (c) er sin x (0) e*+ sin x +x ta(x+ Vie] x dxequals = M+ x? z 7). X int z)__* (A) i n(x Vt?) x46 (8) 3 tn (x+ five a ©) Lant(xe Vier ere (0) Vivx infxavive)+x+c p= # sin(ax)it (2}=n4} and ¢(1)= A function y = f(x) satisfies "(x)= The value of #2 @ is (A) tn2 1 (©) Ena (0) 4-02 x (1- tnx) Vie dol (8) 4 en{ SO8-% rf i%) 6 2 a "\inxex) 2 x 4x) ) - x deaf 4) teane( oe (0) Aco HE) ane( }) ee a "\imx-x)* 2" x | 3 Une ) J{sin(10%).sin® x)dxequals sin(100x}(sinx)"" 05(100x)(sinx)” 100, 2c 100 #6 (ey Sonltooyeoss)™ (op 20( 200s)” 00 a0 The evaluation of [PE =9*™ sys ¥ mi (a) - Indefinite integration2 Theintegral ForKe™ \EGEx dxequals fare of = c a) len (8) 2e"" + seotxe™™ a1 (©) -5e' c 9) BE se ‘One or More than One Correct Type Questions, 8. Which one of the following is FALSE? () xf%exin|x|re (c) L_ Jeosxdxetanx+¢ cosx (8) xf % =x In|x|+ox 8 if n= [(sinx)’ dxneN,then Sle ~ Gls is equal to - (A) sinx.(cosx)' +c (8) cosx.(sinx) +c (c) S82 feos! an+1-acceax]+c (0) 2824f cost ax-+142e082x) +c 10. Let f(x) = sin’x + si x3) (+3) then the primitive of f (x) want. x is 3sin3x Jos? | 3 cos 3x (ay ~ 2103 Jeos?[* goss, (A) 4 +c (8) 008" (Bre (c) (0) 4 c Where C is an arbitrary constant. 11. Suppose J = dx. if © is an arbitrary constant of integration then which of the following is/are correct ? (A) d= 2 (x-sinx+cosx) +6 (8) Jek-(sinx+cosx) +6 ()dex-K4e (0) k= 3(x-sinx +cosx) +6 12. dx equals to 1 poe. cot (et) 1 pm, 2ot"(e") 9) Lele +1) Kee (8) denle=1)+ I ese 1 pe. 20t*(e') 1) 20k (c) sole +1)-— + -xte (0) zine’ ++ = -x4e Indefinite integration3. 1". 15. 16. "7. Jsec? a(seco + tano)' do (seco+tano), ot 2 tano{aeco tano}]+¢ @ (eee0+*20 Of, ,gtano(seco + tand)}+c (seco + tand), © 7 (seco+tano) © ——T inx 1 IF F(x se andt()) =agithen- (A) f(e)=0 @ f(e)- 2 sindx = dxisequalto- inx + c0sx) oy x fect sie tanax , sec2x | 2 2 (where € is constant of integration) (C) x- c (Hey dxisequalto- 1 + (A) a-—1. - tan"'x )a-T © tan x+ he : (wherea, B, y,Sare arbitrary constants) Jet haxequatto- 2x" ) P-xF 46 ale (c) c (where ¢ is constant of integration) [2-+tano(secostand)]+¢ 14+ sec(sece+tand)|+C (]f()=F(e) >) F*(e) =F"(e) ® xoftan(E-x}ee (D) x+, +c T+ tanx 1 8) cot + (8) cotx- 5 +8 (0) At tantxs 2+ 1 Indefinite integrationte, [—202K+2__gy= 44) + €, where C Is integration constant and f(0) = 0, then - Hindu cox z)_n,3 z)_5,3 «) (2) Sena ©) ((3)-Z+2ee0 (C) lim f (x) doesnot exist 19. (A) Jf(et}ox= Leal Toc (8) fF(sinx)dx = secx+e 1 gfx] 4 = 2)dx = ealXa trans (©) Jf (seco)do = ~coseco+c (0) ff(x?)ax= 2 oe=| gtan'x+e Match the List Type Questions 20. |, =ftanxtan(ax+b)dx and |, = [eotxcot(ax+b)dx Uist =1 List = (x—b) (P) Value of for a =tis 0) xeeotb en S2EL=*) osx (Q) Value of | for a =1 is (2) cotbin— xe Sin(x+b) (R) Value of for a =-1is (3) cot btn] 8% _| x4 ‘cos(x+b) sing (S) Value of for a =-1 is ()— xteotb tn —S0X Nyc (sind =») (A) P) 6 (C) P)3)s 1)-»2); (R)-»(1); (S)-9(4) (B) (P)-¥(2); (Q)9(3); (RI(1); (S)9(4), (Q)-+(2); (R)-(4); (S)>0) (D) (P)>3); (Q): (R902); (S) (4) Indefinite integration 291 30 Integrate with respect to x: ( Q@x +3 i) sin 2x. (ill) sec? (4x+5) (iv) sec (3x + 2) ae 4 ii) et (W) tan (2x +1) wi 2 (id) a (ill) & Integrate with respect to x: (@ sin’x (il) cos (ili) sin 2x cos 3x 3x iv) 4 sinx cos ¥ cos 3% (iv) x08 5 2 1 ies-Jet A function g defined for all positive real numbers, satisfies g(x) = x? for all x > 0 and g(t) =1. Compute g(4). Integrate with respect to x: (xsine “2 (ii sec? xtanx (wy) S44 Fa +x tesinx 4) S241 seox © x re0sx OO eesinaevax “" Ta Geeex tend) (ix) Ted (xi) (e* + 1)? et (xii) —— cra +) xiiy 1, 1 t)E Find the value of ear Evaluate the following: ( xcosx=sinx {mmo ° ae) ©) Soa [[snosinfc-a) s(x Integrate with respect to x: Wxtnx Gi) x sin’x Gil) x tant x iv) (nx () seo (iy 2e (wip sine (vii) SAO Tx (i) @* sin x (9) e* (sect + tan x) Indefinite integration10. nn 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 7 18. Find the antiderivative of f(x) = In (In x) + (In x)*? whose graph passes through (e, e). 1 1 @ ea i) Pores (i) =) Vinx? Qt Ve Integrate with respect to x: 1 (i 1 1 ( yas (vi) eva 3x+2 2x41 aKa (vil) BFF BE 1 O Rees © Bae a Integrate with respect to x: 1 tex? eS i axel (Oe @ Integrate with respect to x: 1 1 © ae (O Braye xi+3 [esetax soe 48, a Evaluate the following: of f=) a wf P=) dx Indefinite integration eR?) 1-8 ix ) ‘i 4 il i rarer o (K+ 1)(x+ 2)(x+3) 1 ©) nese49. SX + 4K x text) 20. integrate with respect to x: 1 © 2+cosx 1 2ocosx ) 2sinx+2cosx ‘Scosx+2sinx 1 Tesinx + cosx (w) w 2esin'x (iy 228007 sinx (Ginx = cosx) sintx. cos" (vii) 21. Evaluate the following sinx+cosx {cosx-sinx 00 (oe wi ie eos x yy. 22. * Nan = 2 a) af ater x+Blan? x) +, then find A and 8. 23. [{sinxy""(cosxy""dx Indefinite integration1 3. % 10. Indefinite integration ~ Gaye then tis 2228) ccs mmasne a) ee to) icc — eh we (Z} Bea, enen f =< dae C— ee(FOa) if FL] +1. then fF 5 oat sex 28 [RB ET aes atx + B+ 6 tare) + K,then a+b +c ls equal to P(e y x ee wget Fost) 8°60) a. tan ~ {2B (eb) fF)eb)-2 6) WW nets) Where m,n eN and ‘C' is constant of integration (g(x) > 0). Find the value of (m?+ n?). 2008 1-(corx IF the value J (cot) axe Zin] sink x +cos* x1+ G,thenfindk. tanx+ (cot) : suppose {1=7208" 4, £00) .c,wnere € is arbitrary constant of integration. Then find the sin’ xcos? x sin’ x value of g (0) + e(3) Hf SELBESS gaa sane as)(Frm=T ine 2e FTAA] se, were ab et and ei \Poa2-7 integration constant, then a +b is equal to 1+ xcosx xoerine x= kin [oar +C then k is equal to : = ven) 1-xe’ "Tpee™] ip | SE *eeos* =r tan“'(sinx) + C then p +2q + ris equal to :Comprehension # 1 (Q.No. 11 to 13) 1 12. 13. 34 Let |, = Jsin” xcos” x-dx. Then we can relate Ir. with each of the following @ In= am Gi) Toea.m (ill) jm a2 (tamer O eames (0) teams Suppose we want to establish a relation between I,m and ly, m=, then we set P(x) = sin** 'x cos” *"x 1) In Inm and In m =2 the exponent of cosx is m and m ~ 2 respectively, the minimum of the two is m — 2, adding 1 to the minimum we get m - 2 +1 = m — 1. Now choose the exponent m ~ 1 of cosx in P(x). Similarly choose the exponent of sin x for P (x) Now differentiating both sides of (1), we get P(x) = (n+ 1) sin’ cos”x ~ (mm ~ 1) sin” x cos"=* = (n +1) sin’x cos"x - (m ~ 1) sin’x (1 = cos?x) cos™=?x = (n +1) sin’x cos"x ~ (m = 1) sin’x cos "=? x + (in = 1) sin’x cos™x = (n + m) sin"x cos™x ~ (m ~ 1) sin’x cos™="x regrating both sides, we get sin’ *"x Gos" 1x = (014M) fam = (MM = 1) Ime re Similarly we can establish the other relations. Now The relation between Iy,2 and I:.2 is, A) leo z (= sin’ cos*x + 3,2) (8) a q (sin’x cos'x + 3h, 2) ua =f (sin'x cos’ - at) (©) iy = 3 (- sin'x cos + 2h) The relation between ls,2 and le.2 is (A) a = 2 (eins coo%x + Ble) @) a= EC sin'x costs + Bia) (©) tug lo cor ea) (ing 2d toe coo he) The relation between Li.2 and 1.4 is A bye -3 (sin’x cos’x +8 144) ®) y ; sin’x cos*x +8 1.) Oh, ; (sin'x cos - 8 1k.) ©) laa : (sin'x cos’x + 6b.) Indefinite IntegrationComprehension # 2 (Q. No. 14 to 16) 1“. 15. 16. It is known that Jinn JeOeR yy ge ye® vtanx +Vcotx = ian eins. 2 ’ 2 eosx Woncxea \ Ee NE - } aarenanc can, eo ul att ae, and A oltanx + veot= 3 (Jtanx -Jeotx) (tanx+cotx), vee(at)u[n%). ic y 2 ) Value of integral | =[(vtanx + Veotx)dx, where x (og}u(a3) is w an ( Lane | (&) VBtan4 ee © ~Bean (=< (0) Bran’ (= 3 Value of the integral {= [(Vtanx + leotx) dx, where xe(0 3). is (A) V2 sin“ (cos x - sin x) +6 (8) v2si (©) WB sin" (sin x + cos x) + (0) = 2 sin" (sin x + cos x) +C * (sin x ~ cos x) +6 Value of the integral 1 = {(tanx + Yeotx), where xe[n%4), is (A) v2 sin" (cos x - sin x) + (B) V2 sin~ (sin x ~ cos x) +C (C) V2 sin“ (sin x + cos x) +c (0) V2 sin (sin x # cos x) + Indefinite integration 35JEE(Main) (Previous Year Questions) 1 36 The integral I» x je dx is equal to [JEE(Main)-2074] @) (x-1e"F +e (2) xe" +e @) (x+ ie" +e (4) -xe" 40 The integral f equals: [JEE(Main)-2015) («t+ 1} O (rife ce The integral [—2*" *8*" dy equals to [JEE(Main)-2076] (f+ +9) @ —* ic yy —* @—* sc () —*—_se 2(e +32 +) (esx ay 2(xt +e +) 2(e ne 1) (Where an arbitrary constant) Let |, = Jtan" xdx,(n> 1). |, + I,=a tan’ x+bx* +C,where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair (a, b) Is equal to: [JEE(Maln)-2017] (4 (1 1 fal a ay {4 3) {4.0 4) {2-4 co) (2) \e Ole ( DE The integral { $0 *€08_* ___yis equal to: (sin? x-+ cos? xsin’ x + sin* xcos* x-+.c0s! x) tse @— se tee tise TreoPx afi tar'x) a(t tan? Teotx (Where C is an constant of integration) [JEE(Main)-2018} For x# nx +1, 1 © N (the set of natural numbers), the integral [JEE(Main)-2019] fx Bsn B= 8208 ay equal to: (where cis @ constant of Integration) Zsin(x ~ 1+ sin2(e 1) (1) tog, sec (2) log, [pace -tee @ toe, (4) Hog, leet? - 14 Indefinite integrationHf (x)= [S24 ye 2 0), and HO) = (e +1420") , then the value of f(1) is: [JEE(Main)-2018] 1 1 1 4 ot @-F @-3 «i in” @- sind)" cos® 8. Let n> 2 be a natural number and 0 <0ls]ol2 4 [oss [ite [i 3a) sie 38 aco 2a ove. [95s [ote [orral ave [ot0.] 20. co | co | ase [aecofascofasco} ec_| Ac (2x+3) 12 +c tan(4x+8) 6 4 oS enpectres ise wi) 2 mpxtis]e 2 X _A gine 2 @ %-Feinax+c Gi) - 4 cossx+t cosx+e 10 2 2 a 2 oy — E(qsapesoceaps) +6 4 a4 4 =} comse F (tam? + ¢ or 2E% +c (O} in x + cosx| + cin amp + sinax+ ax + 6 Indefinite Integration (wy (vi) (iv) (i) 0082 4 6 2 $ lo jsec (ax + 2) + tan (ax 2)14 +c 3m2 ens a +c sin3x 3 3s pt gsinx+C 1 1 - 7 + cosx-F cosax- 5 cos 3x+C 4 intteaec 2 injerexiec sd injem-ai+c 2 In | (n(secx + tanx) 1+ 43h (oy 2 aay avceryrec @ S@m-en sarc 1 omsemeert ai) - tm fot (xi) 3° c (Oxi) 5 a ae +c i wy So ay wy Fad ye (x? +2) + ot (=); c (i) in PEED * Jx-siny +e 2 @ Zmx-Xse (i) -¥ sinx- Zeosaxte z tan"x 2 2 tan c (iv) x(inx -1)+C (O) sexier y 3 (n|secx#tanx|+C(vi) (t= e" 4 (vil) x sin” 5 Es (vill) x tank - den G4) - (e) £ (sinx ~ cosx) +.C () ettanx +6 ye x{ even 4 +26 10. ag} A ant X © fram Zee 0) Indefinite integrationGi) w (vii) (i) @ nO) } iii) 4. 6) 6 (ii) Jeans (29) per (SS c (iv) inf + 3x44) = tan” x- arctan x +n +c Ww) nr¥Pn4 jee EWA soins HFA +c st f+ 2x+6+2 tn [evr sree dues] +C = EB oxen Aaa - 2 stn 2 are ya 2 ara eps Fwy Fw sepa xe + a) Ix+2] © 1 1 3 Ainpeat- Aenperne & tants Ten +8 hin beets 3 tatxse ane +314 2. -aneatec wy Lied -eweast aneaec or 2 2 (tot) 4p [tet eet 1 pote +e “5 ee N2 x. 238x444 y3| x x+2-1 FEY Wee ap 0 [EB] - ferro + cvwnere e# FF Indefinite Integration 4516. 18, 18, 20. Ww) + 2-3 -2tanx 17 3x0 5x? 0 dinfeedp veo] + Worse Gin sin Saat = faa 4c X44 oc, —* axet axed tne) 6 a im 2 it © fu (oe 2 i yin [Beosx + asin] + Gv) w fur) +e wi) (i) tanx+ Lsinax- Bec @ Hir{ Meme 5) 40 a 23. Spe ax 45x ¢Lin (Oe +1) + Stan x + 6 4 2 V2 =1 = tn] hE] + ee (6 tan 3) +c tn) +c 1+ tan 2 (nf t-cotx] + soe BEEEHE) « _ Se Atan?x) | a(tanx)"* Indefinite integrationBreese wood 2 4 2 2 4 7 5 8 6. 2010 ™ 5 17 2 4 1m on mA) 2 (A) 13, (8) 4 A 15. (8) 16. (A) - (0) (A) 2 (0) 4 (© s () Indefinite integration 47