ACLC COLLEGE TACLOBAN

Senior High School Department

Tacloban City

Lesson : Social Process

Social Processes

Refers to forms of social interaction that occur repeatedly. By social process

it means the ways in which individuals and groups interact and establish
social relationships.

Types of Social Processes

1. Enculturation
This social process is defined as the manner by which a person learns or
adopts the culture followed by his/her co-members in a society. Example
is when parents teach their children about values, norms, traditions, and
other aspects of their culture.
2. Acculturation and Assimilation
The process is when a person adapts to the influence of another culture
by borrowing man of its aspects. For example, an overseas Filipino worker
(OFW) in a foreign country. To survive working in a foreign environment,
the OFW must learn how to adapt to the new culture, through keeping the
Filipino culture in his/her way of living, such as eating Filipino food,
bonding with other Filipino OFW’s, and the like. This is an example of a
person accultured to another to another while maintaining his/her mother
culture. Now, if acculturation implies immersion in another culture while
maintaining one’s mother culture, assimilation denotes complete or
almost total adaptation of the minor culture to the major one. In
assimilation, an individual learns a new culture, tending to lose entirely
his/her previously held cultural identity.
3. Cooperation
Is a form of social interaction wherein two or more persons work together
for a common end or purpose. Cooperation ranges from small to wide
ranges from the teamwork in a class, bonding among peers, helping
family members or relatives, and sharing expertise with fellow workers to
maintaining peace between nations through diplomatic negotiations.
4. Differentiation
Is the process of designating each member of a society with particular
functions and roles intended for the society to achieve stability and order,
thus, the increased number of social units. Differentiation may be seen in
the community of medical practitioners and government agencies. These
 communities are composed of experts, technocrats, and think-tanks from
the various fields that provide specific services for the varying needs of
people.
5. Amalgamation
It happens when two families or groups become one through a formal
union, such as marriage. It promotes acculturation and assimilation, and
is the opposite of differentiation since it reduces the number of social
units.
6. Stratification
In the light of social process, it can be regarded as the division of society
into social categories that in turn develop social groups. It is mainly based
in wealth and income differences.

Social Interaction
What people do when they are in one another’s presence; includes
communications at a distance.

Mechanisms of Social Interaction

1. Imitation
Means replicating or copying an object or an action of an individual.
2. Suggestion
It is the influence of one’s view on others without a second thought. It is
usually made by person which authoritative and have a big influence in
the social environment.
3. Empathy
Is the ability to put one’ self in the place of another so as to feel as he or
she would if confronted by the same circumstances.
4. Identification
It is the ability not only to place one’s self in the position of another but
actually to feel that he or she is the other person.

Social Status

It refers to the position that someone occupies in a social group. As we

interact with the people around us, we do so while occupying a particular
status, which is synonymous to a social position. It serves as a reference
point that structure our interactions with the people around us.

Dynamics of Social Status

Status Set
It refers to all the statuses or positions a person possesses in a single
moment. You may simultaneously be a son or daughter, a worker, a
boyfriend or girlfriend, and a student. Obviously your status set changes as
your particular statuses change.
For example, if you graduate from college, take a full-time job, get married,
buy a home, and have children, your status set changes to include the
positions of worker, spouse, homeowner, and parent.
Two Ways to Obtain our Statuses
1. Ascribed Status
Is one that is received at birth, inherited, or involuntarily given during a
person’s life. Such as your race– ethnicity, sex, and the social class of
your parents, as well as your statuses as female or male, daughter or son,
niece or nephew. They are given to you later in life.
2. Achieved Status
Is a social position that a person chooses to take on, and obtaining it
usually entails effort. For example, you become a student, a friend, a
spouse, or a lawyer. Or, for lack of effort (or for efforts that others fail to
appreciate), you become a school dropout, a former friend, an ex-spouse,
or a debarred lawyer. As you can see, achieved statuses can be either
positive or negative; both college president and bank robber are achieved
statuses.
Status Symbol
People who are pleased with their social status often want others to
recognize their position. To elicit this recognition, they use status symbols,
signs that identify a status.For example, people wear wedding rings to
announce their marital status; uniforms, guns, and badges to proclaim that
they are police officers (and, not so subtly, to let you know that their status
gives them authority over you). All of us use status symbols. We use them to
announce our statuses to others and to help smooth our interactions in
everyday life.
Status Inconsistency
Our statuses usually fit together fairly well, but some people have a
mismatch among their statuses. For example, A 14-year-old college student
is an example. So is a 40-year-old married woman who is dating a 19-year-
old college sophomore.

Social Roles
Social roles are a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of
persons who occupy a certain social position or belong to a particular social
category.
For example, having the status of a varsity athlete necessitates the roles of
attending training sessions and representing the school in competitions.

Dynamics of Social Roles

Role Set
Each status is accompanied by multiple roles, and as such, the term role set
designates the full list of expected behavior attached to a single status.
Role Performance
The particular interpretation that you give a role, your “style,” is known as
role performance. Consider how you play your role as a son or daughter.
Perhaps you play the role of ideal daughter or son—being respectful, coming
home at the hours your parents set, and happily running errands. Or this
description may not even come close to your particular role performance.
Role Conflict
Occurs when tension arises between roles connected to two different
statuses. For example, if one is both student and varsity athlete, and it is
exam week, the person will have to make decision between the role of
attending a sports completion and studying for the exams.
Role Strain
Occurs when tension arises between different roles connected to one status.
For example, a woman with a status of a single parent. She has to fulfill the
role of working to provide for her child, while at the same time being
available to provide affection, guidance, and support. The difference
between role conflict and role strain is that role conflict is conflict between
roles, while role strain is conflict within a role.