Fundamental Conce ph © Powk cle T+ is a material point which rontans definite qty: of matter unhout dimension: Rigid Body Fr is a bedy whith does not undergo any deforma ton C thange in chape and size) under the achon of axtecnel “force - Com bina bon of larqe Ne of Pachcles whith aermmaing ot Fixed olishance fan cack other when exleennh Povee is applied om removed « @© Free An ackon whith bods fe chovge the stale of rest of body or motion of body on whith 14 ads- pa nciples of statics ® sawlon's 1+ bqws Everybody toptinues te be fo i4s stake of west ov sn Mae tate of oniform vophon along straight Wine unfess fis acted upon by extheenal unbalanced Force» [D_ Newton's ae when unbelanced Rece atts on particle, if vill have an acceleration whith ys prrportional re the qnagnimde of force: this acti® ull lot in the Arection ef Forces alony attaiqu Mne Rate of change of vnomnentur of hed is Aureory Peepet onal Av the force dking on ES it is in Ant Aivection of force - ‘ 4 . (D estos 3"! aw: Fores of athon 4 Reachon bet” bedies tn confach till Wave Sane rnogmide, Vine of achen bub SFP’ dtiecton §* Mechanics The branch of physicol science phat deals with Skate of te ses} or shake of the motion is called as Mechames + Engg: Mechanics :- The branch of Applied science, which deols with \aws ef & Pripcipols of mechanics . along with {heir applreations fo the venl-bife Rngineering problems. Engy: techanics 18 esstntiol fer on angineer in — Planning , designing, § Construction of various Stouchures 4 Machines: Classi fication of Engg: Mechanics : Engg: mechanics Mechanics of Solids mechanics of Fluids: Mechanics of Rigid - mechanics of orformable Gedits Bodies Slokics Dynamics « Kinehes Kinernah co In ovr synobus, wt are going fo shady the mechanics of Rigid Bodits vee Stohics 4 Oynayies-¥| Brakes s a 41 is the branth of Enqq- mechanits which deals wilh the forces and there *ffeets (acting) upon the bodies which ose ot rest: 4 | Dypormics 2 Tt is the bronch of engo- Mechanics which deals with Forses & their effects (acting) upon toe bodies whith ore in rmvhon: Dypornits is again divided inte two cokgones: ) Kintkes, nN) Hinemoalics : nth ts $- Tr is We branch of OY¥amics which deals with the bodits jn mohion by considering the forces which Couses the motion: Kinemakics: TY 18 Pat branch of Oymamics which dtels usth He edits in maven usithout considering jhe force which is responsible Sor the vacHon-+ | Mass -> Gm) The qunkiby of mater possessed by a body. S6T- vnih :- Gram (4) kilogram (kg) rm kg = Joos g + Weight Cw) - Force attng on the object due te guavity- - TA is the product ef mass & gravitabonal A ccelaraton- we mMke sT: unt :- Newhon (NN) Klonelten CKN) I KN = love N-Force <-[F) or (PII I+ Ns an external aginy which produces ox Hnds to produce, dtstrey or nds fo destrry motion. oR St is an extend agent whith changes or dods to change the Glee of west or Gale of mohion of hodly TH 15 9 vector quankly: Force ig alse Known as tak of Change of moment: As yemin hin = mass x veloc’ ty bot mass wil) never change , then mass x rate of change of welorihy ymass x accelara lon Fore = Fe P= moa: Newton CN) Kilentwhn (kN) = 107 N Meganawtn Cin) = 106 v Giganeoton Can) = 197 N “Taxa newten CTW) = 10! Nn. ST Unig 1 kp Force = eovilaHonal Force required to produce unit Saccelatation on _vnid moss. ol Ke forces moss & Aecl™ CFravity) = Veg x 48h ws c Sal Be + 1 Kgs Fat = 9°81 Sor* Choractewshes of force t- ) Magnitude t- The value of force re JON, 2RN ef. =) Diseckon t= Line of action 4 angle Fornntd with fixed aps B® Nate of ferce or sense :- 14 means whether He force 15 push or pull. porr un Ay For fach type force fey Fire force Y Pash !- force ackng towards He point Pon + Forte aching awoy from the potest: 4) point of apph'cahiont The print of which or thtevgh which the force acts. ° Effecds of Force: Force roy pteduce frllowing t1 feds on the boty: t+ may change the stake of body - rt Tf body 5 ot seat, ferce may biing it fo motion ov Jf bedy ts in motion, force may accslercfe it or force nay stop it or force roy sotayd j}+ Dy meoy produce internal 6Hess in the body. DTH moy produce deformabion in pon- rind hody 4) TF may produce avbational effect in body: 9D 5+ may keep the body in stable State CEquillybaum). Prinuple ef Frensmibikility sf force. The stole + phe gid bedy wall not change if ame Force atting on s bedy is veplaced ky anvther Force of Same mognihde & devechon aching anywhere on the body olong We Une of atti of replaud free: F the velut of Arce will mot chonge olny tae Line of ackow tf force within the “body:sy it % sim of force i When 0 single agtny is acting om holy then iS Known as “force. But when no: of fortes ate acting aan the body Sirpultantously , thta i} 1% Knoven “syskin of force” “Types of Force Sysftrn :- Coplaner forces 2) Non Co-planes forces 2) Ce-Intar Forces 4) Non- Co-linear forces. S) Conwerant Ferees 6) Non Conarent forces 7S Patoljel forces: C Uke & unlike). 8) coplaner Conant forces D coplaner Non Concurrent forces 1°) Non Coplaner cocurrent forces ") Now Coplaner non conwarent fosces. Co-planer Forcesystem IFortes :- The Forces whose Une of achon Le on tae game Plane ave catitd as Ce-planes Forces: The forces whith ose acting @n the Same plane are kone a5 Co-planer Forces. 2% Non-Co-planes Force sya hem fforees's- - A Forces Sustem Whose line of acon does not Lic iy The Same plone Cre Ue in differs planes) - sForees whith are ackog in the different planes Koon aS neon planer forces(syohm)*2) Ce-Vineae force syahen {Forces '. ~ ~ the forces whose line of achian lies on the Same Une ave called as Co-lintar forces: - The Forces which are ackng along the Same, Straight Unecre called as Colina forces - + & Fe = Fy &) W fe v w Vv 4) Non - Colinear Forces (force sya}. — - The forces which ate pot actin’ olong @ the Savne Straight Lipe are known aS non colina forces: ~ The forces whose line of action doesnt Lie en the Sarme Wnye- Fo Fr te fey 5) Conturrent forces / Forte sya}eent- — The Fores whose Une of achron meets at ong Lormmon poin} are Called Contarrent forces. ~ The Forces whith ar passing Therugh a Common Point ore Ln irrent forcis - The forces which mechs ab one point oat conuasrent force o- Fr Fe 4 ex Fe Fy in Fa fy fs Fs A6) Non- Conarrrent force Systems forces t- - he forees which are nok passing theough Common point oR - the fortes whose kne of achton cots rob meet oint oR ~ The forces which doesnt meet at one point are cated 95 ot Common Nen- Concurrent Forees+ ——+F, fr IT) Pawal\eh_ Forces / Force sysiern:- The Foxces whose line of ackons are Parallel to 4s" Ref, wel Acct fo law ef parallelogram of force, oN PH oe ePQuse a = Vio pget fF a xIoOY ID KEOSAS ZBI6Nn: Se 232 N ide Tm Arsen mg sine P+ ego Ise sing S }eo + rye fosys® ind © 186 O86 tan 6 mae owe Wr JRE FAH LL Divection:The sum of dus forces js 210M $ their eeswjant is the Coven s- {gel (BON. GF Resvlont 9's Perepindrielar do p, find to fosees p € Q. Pras 27° N R= 10 N > Go* Act te baw of paraljelogtan, fenes Sune P+ GSO fange= Ssine P+ Qesa ao = Oso P+ Qeso- Mews UF Pe Qtesa= 9, then only above bem vill become Anfinsty « Thy, Pt QUS@ = 0 + pz —Qcvso -f + Qes@. ----- O io RE PE Hn 2 eel releases Vans pte Qh APP). = from en @ bigot = prt Qh tte p™) . 180% = phoap + Q> get Pgh yeote tpt \got = @-p) CAtD =(Q-P) x 270 p= go"g-p= |r Swe Bnew fant — qrp > ete a) salviey @ FH ve nid er © €@ R-Pp = ae + @ap_= tte 2Qro= 49 LQ 40 C= sas nN Yu = - ANS: E\p=as Ny @| Fox tw ferces p4Q achhg af o peiet. Merkin wesvitert is geoen aad minimum merodude ef wesnldont is g00 N+ find yales of p# Qe => we know Thet, Rr P+ Q 4 2PQ tsa: for nar value ef R, cso must be I yk: C15 @=1 Re O FO , thin only coS OF) Rs pts gta 2pqerso Kea = \) phy Qa PG so Rmer = Spee Qt 2PA om = \pRe ape ree = iz: .a awe = NG +a) aoe > PeQ| —--- *"O Now fer minima amc lf, a @=1RO0°. Reins | P™e + ap Qes@ = NA pme Qt e UPG CoO\P& Brine J ga gE 7PR ~ ae g lew = e-@) Saving er 9 £0 weg, yee wad tg © 4D FA Ge Bese viP- Gs gro ie: vie) 5 a aiss tage TRE me hae Serge ree foot Qe Bee F_ Qe 9 wow thee AOS patuor & + Geork ®| The ome bere me bee forces pSQ is BW SF @ is Aoubled ren new remlled |e perpindicdar fe p- Poenve Yat = R- 2@Q 4 © ae 90 ° | Rs o Ne jun go=_Qsina_ PQS ph gh a 2PQteSO wring . @ f AegeSO hb pr AMUSO =o dren on nhirnty - aloe enn will be@ P+ BOQLOSo) 0 =p 2@ (80+ — put in age © Ria err gts (ex eM) eea gm = eo — Re gt Fereheng 34° om\: Ke Qe peeved : The angle beth the we twourrnend forees is get phir recauljor| fo 250N. The wiguiled makts an angle of ago with Ont Force. Hebermine merged f anth foie: PY - Mey iy Am Or 90° me Hee Re won. by ving » Re pre Qa 2pg usa: ase = pe 4 Q™ 4 aPQ Cos30 AS (0S gets 9 Hhtm + ses PAG AO — san xy ati "PX QwSO PX Geese te jen og = 8 g yoyo = G_ ? * as yooss 2 - subshish new © same. pallet] oe RY = de1sa7 93 : 43% N Qe rvanResultant force R = 400 N has two component forces # = 240 N and Q= 200 N as shown, Determine direction of component forces i.e. « and wrt, resultant force. P=200N P=240N Bn eaoon o Q=200N Veh = fr f) using Law of jasallelogran, Re Va Vy 2PQwse@ Hoo = LH 4 gQo0? + VXI Ko50 CoS O G2heO = JGEovoo CHsS@ CoS M= B® = O65 Sooo = Cost (obs) = Agr yee ton @= Ze sin © Ahorlr2ev Losw) = 200 Sin Aahb 2yot (200 cas Ha4e) ha = OH 8 ie tan (ony) (Pr e298" |e ieeclion of @= Kx #B AHG SE K hb 27°83cd Resulbant sf meee phan fue Forcest: Method ef Resolution. When fwe or more coplaner conurrrend or non conurrsent forces are ackng on a body , then the wesullant can be found out by using vresoluhion of fortes. A_vesolubion procedure is desevibed below. 1d Resolve al) Me forces Horizontoly ¥ find the algebric Sum of aM the hevzontal Components. Lf a force is deno}ed Wy F, then Fe Howizontal cmponest of Force © along x clr), Fy = Verkicol component of force f+ (along yer’). Thus, in this shep tind F Foe + %) Resolve an the Forces vertically $ find The algebnic Sum of oll vertical components: ye Bod Sy. D The sesullant R of the given Forces will be Gwin by Whe %qualion: e= (EF + LEY 4) The resultant Force unl) be inclined at an angle @ with horizontal , sath that sana = = Site Resoiulion of Force: Following Frnethods ave used fo Tessbe tht force 3 Rhrgonal Resolukion C Penpendivalar resolution) 2 non- peyptndicalar /von-orthogonsl resolution % Resolution inte boo Parallel Components:O Qxthegonal ov perpendiutlar Resoletion +- Tr this method, single Force is split UP into Jwo Cynpontnts which ave perpendialar fo oir: © = ongle mode BY force ¢ with yok. angle bur ¥ SY en's is 90". Now, J2ts deaw a perptndiular fo x axis ot polnb As This, porpendicilay will interseck oF ot pojvt Bas Shown elovo - Tn wight ample A OAB, F sine aa Yompootnt of forceFollowiny ave the clifferent cases ef gesoluhion of Force into two perpendiuilar Component s- Sign _convenHons: 1) Cormpontel athing fowards fagld ave posiHve £ jowa rds \cqt ave considered 05 pygative- ——+ +¥e a— -ve. “3 Componeat aching upward are positive § ating downward are. considered ag negative. ! Ve -Ve. Cases t- CFerce aching away from potty). @®D Force in rt quadrant ® force in 2"! quadrant: F sind - Fo Fsino 1 © FCes@ ~Fees@ Fas Foose we Fur — Fs Fy =F sin® Fas Fano. © force io m4 quadeank Q@ forte fo IE quadenct -Foes@ Fcos@ © o e F “FE sin® ; -F Sind Fos@ co Pas FCos@ * Fy s- Fsin© Fy=- Fan ®cases of Reasolubiont C force ackny fawords tre poind) - ay force in ( quadtaxt b) Fotce tp ond quodeast & |-Fsine - F sino -FCOsSm oO eee | oO Ecce fa i. t-F since Fa> ~ Fres@ Fy= - Fane @ force in a4 quattant D Force tn aPquacdenf fe sin® 1 ZF : hesine we x +FeSO no + Fese ag SO s -Fees@ o -FCOs@ + Fsing Fe F Y Fsing. fe: Fuse Lo PKs -Fes@ “Fy s F Sino yt F unoathing @® force acting teards the rink in st quadeant Cm ose) {-FSIn@ Fa= -FCOS@ ‘Fy s -F one @&) Fone otlivy towards the fint Mn att ausdeoat rane it (We tf pie. ~ oC F + Fore FCOSD Fy = Fane Arwards the Qandgand s+ powt Anethber rAuiked of Reselahion of force ® an ob (ferent (D force acting pwatds pot in The #274 quadewtSpeciad Casts of Resclubion; ag Homzondal curpace - Componend along Je plane = Weing Component ferpendiwlar ty plane = wcos@: ee unt’ ¢ ort 1 pene FSin Corn) & P ' 1 1 1 ' ----—e- -- Kons | Foros @+«) Hoel zontetExamples based en orthogonel Kesolvbion C Peapendiular Corn ponenfS) : @] A force of Seon acks from origin te a poied ACItS). Find toe owthagenel components. Tporpet: goed yA (125) 1 ‘ ' o m~ compentet sf force , fa> Ff Osa = qoo ces 22-62 ~ A= cormponent tf force, Fy = F sino = 900 Sin 22-62 Fye Buore nl + @] find x & A wmpeneats for dhe Powineg force syafems. e SKN F ye 4 Neve forte is in ond guestoest x componet, Fe=-Feeso 4s 2-5 cosHo Fe — 3:83 KH. = Be3KM (aft)© X wnponest, Far -F 08,0 Fx = - 19 69560 =-5 kW low Fy. [FEES EN toe Is Tepe ot . O= Anite fe of force with Xoais. Semponet Eye ep sing: = 98732 “ Fys ~1ogin 60 es 4 B66 kN Hebe, forters in 3h quateont a Rage aud Rt _pomnndel Hee, forte is in yh ayuedeact- ' &, = bor. { vey 6kN X torn poneuik 4 compenest Faz FOS fy=~F sino BLU Ies = -6 Singo =~ SAKN* [Gers messed apf] Ere 2% ommend A eh, 1% ' XN % convert pach Hype force inte prt. thas forre issn anh quodtant § C= Jo" x A wwnponed, fas -F age 5-H Cos TO" = —1:3F kW Leas vad el twas s_\ef Yo uempunend, Fs Fin = 4 Gm Te! [Foe 3-76 mopedHere, ©: 55°, Force is in 2d quadeost: %- Component ; Fer-Feos@ -~ joo COS Ss° ee Fee S736 HN foorards Teta | YP Component , Fy- F Stn =e GINS S* Fy = B13) AL upward sn Were force is in a quadent, @= so’. % wmponent, Fae Feos@ = IS Ces 50° fre gey powards — Paght N Cotmponemd , Fy = -F in e- 1S Sin SU" Fye = Ha N pevinunedsFind x €4¥ components for the Pout owing forte s{sfon- ' ® i P spear Were force ss an nayotive ' A ANNE « ! @: 0° x Compontrt , Fr =F KOO winp 88.6 = =P “Trae p] toward defe mY Component fys F sine Yu i sino zo Pr @ , Here, forte 1's on y ents O40" ‘ on a “+ Os do 1 i mx formponmt , Fas “FCoo@ =P (oS ge= 0 [Fes o Mo wregonut, fye Fsina= Pingo = P [fase] Shas, wt Can Say that, Ait a forte is on x axis, fren its x Components is the force HA self §& 4 component will he 2ern- *K if Forte is on Y oats , Watn ite y Component 55 VE force Shall & x com poneact will bt rere"@ | ockrmine the ‘wesvljant of Following free system as shawn io figuay- lon ton aA an {zy =) Solution: = K ows Convert ot The push type forces inte pub type now Resolving all the forces Horizentally poe 2% mais, we have Sfx= 5S OS30°+ Jo Cosco’ - \acossd— 4 — 15 LOSGO + 12 5 Yo = -063N “E = 06 ma onen fowords Leh Cave be -ve spy) Now meavlying al) the forees verb eelly oloey ads, we have, Efys Fsingo’ 4 10Sin Gor + 12 Singo'- iSsingo-g — |2Sn4o o SRy2 — BBS N- p \EFy: 8358 Downward.Tht Rrsujant is given by, [Re 828] — spogmbde of Redon Dizection of Resuilont is givin bey, =Fy ban Xe = jan ec. 8138 Or6g zon % > 1a] ory so = dan" {42-1 014) <= 85.28" 8 Ao =e & = fy dye negalive, thus, Resul band Nigin 384 quadeant: Efys 8358‘bere Conurmsen} — Cr-plarear fortes ods en body af point oO Delewinine dun additional forces aleny of F OB auth pra Rrsellant of five Pores ig zewe + gefte the given fryure- a Hoon ~-ng- Boon > Selvbog t= 400 N Lat force olony on =P $ Force aleny 06 = Pa As 4 15 given fred feanllanr REO, thus EFreo Thy Now Jer us raselue the forces noxizontally, wsing, Fx =o Boo + Hor CO5 4S" - fo CoS30° =a- Boo + 282-9435 - oR66P, =0- ogee Po = saa- 2H3 an 2 Brslving Ferea verhedly, ots eFy=0, o Hoe Sin 4s + Py — fr SiN Fo — How so 282-843 + PR —673-93 gin 30° -yw - —453.672 +R =o Ris yse-6yo aie Jans fis 453-6728 4S Pre 679-83 NH,orkamine Hw avgl @ fer whith the regulfant of Hw Yoret Forces is veableels Alsy find cores pending torgnitude of fesullit by aeffeaing Phe $y. given bulew. The Resullant Rs vertical, but dinechen is Unknown+ Assuming K ty_be downwards:, Efe =O - because R isveed =SFy =-k Resolving fortes Horszentelly, Efex =0 Mo — 800050 + Ho C05 (Se-@) =O Ho - OCS O + yo Sin® so divile beth wder by Ae fy = 20S O 4 5in@ =O Le Sin@s 2eeso Squering bet swdegs 4 \ xnayo = (2005) \4 25\no + Sinto = 4 costco 1a 28in@ a sites 4 Li-sinto) \+ 235n0+Sint@ = 4- ysitto Ssink@ + 2 s\n -2 =0- Solving Yhe ct . Rnae= 06 oR sin Oe 7 @ = Sin? 0-6 eR @= sin’ (4) = 3-87" oR Co TL negleding this: Jor 3037Now Resolving fortes vabicelly R - 8osIn® — Youn (qv-w) =-R —= GD Yin 368%" - yo Sin (Jo- Best) = -R - Re -RO-wD N ts AS the onguer 95 posh, our pésumphion of f being downward 15 correct. =PysDT] the force syskm as shown in figure have a resullank of 2.00 salon positive Yoatis, deleming the mognitade $ Aveclinn CO) of Force F sso’ BL a mm onts ' . aHoN > Ad Resultant of 200 Le on positive Y axss ree Upwards 1H mang Elis 0 § ERs R Now, Resolving Forces Novi zontelly, ZFe= F ws@ — Soo + 2HOCOS 3020 Feesa = Suo~ 24000549 Fees@ = = 24r1y -O Resolving Forces werlicall ) 4M == k iF sin @ - 240SIn 30 = 200 F Sin@ = 200 +249 Sn Qo ESino = 320 QD Now aivide a2q% @ by aqr O “ Psino_ _ _Qno fF Se 2421S fan@ = j0ae3 5@= fags (10423) Q@: or 6° From er © F USO 4204 Fo OS ARG = a4 syThe wesvifan} of two forees PS @ is 200 N werteal ADchamine forte @ F Comes pending angle © for Fhe syskm of forte as ehown in Figure: 3 Pr GOON Q As Resvilant is vertical, (Assuming i} be upward) Zhro & ZFy= RK Rasdving forets Noriaontelly : Elx= P WSGo — Qevs(go-@) =o Fe 600 (0S Go - G Sin®@ =o + Beo = Qsine -0 Now resshing fortes verHesly Shy & Psingo + TSin (Sore) = R EYP Gingo + @ LeS@ = 200 513-6) + Q tes @ = 1260 s Qwsos 6go-3g owrde AN @ by ear @ , we get Quo _ 3 wos ~ — 6 ROR ww, Yaw @ = oH 2 \o = 23-9") - subeibak in ay 2. QANGE B50 2 \peaaesan Q = 88 aay :\Q= T4855 8‘The vesullin} of tes fortes 4 15 120 N hovirontelly \ttrord < Delerming Forte Gf correspondiny angle 0 fer Whe nyaten ef force Ghown dn Kigere: Sg Poeoon: > As sesullon} is Hovieentel towards Lefb; its Yompanet wil) be zere +} a (g0-) why =-R & Efyco- Now Resolving fortes Howson fully, =her -R PGoséo — Q tos(go-0) = -I200 Gro COSbo- OQ Sin = -12e0 gem — OSin@ =-1000 -—QUno = - 2m -3er = -1Seo © BIN @ = 1Sv0 -@ Now sesolving ferces verbelly , » xFys 0 2 G00 Sin Go- @sin(Yo-@) = 0 bh SV4b] — @ees@ =o Q cos = 513-6) -—® from er OF DC divide <4" O sy OG) Sino = 1500 @ese 51) fan (o> 2:886 : c “89° : 2 [@= T° = pub in eqn Q sin@= 152° @ sin 7orag = 1500 Sn 7039combne two Fores g00N $600 N whith atk an the fized dam Geuchire at B into a single equivelesl force R, if ACT Im, BCr6m S angle BCO= Gok Rifin- dry 6B geen =p Solulon > Sn b BOC, prgle @DC=50"- Sin 60240 _ BD Bo" 8G + GD 6 Sn Go = 5:2mM- wiearly gos 62 = OC . ae Qe G cb DCs 6 COS Co=> Qawm Now jn ABDA, Ange ROAS 4o° ‘ - &o fin as danke _@O act+oc a43. °° 6 Yan A2 0: B66 Thus Force Aivaram ual) be as Pollow.s + ~~ ----—e aco Ns (pel) +Now Resolving forces acting at Bin Horizontal olen, we Aan, Fy s goo — 600 60S 4o-s) ef, = BASSI ON: C howe agut) Resolving forces vereally, Thy = 600 Sin 4o-gy = - 342-42 N + SFy > 392-92 4 € Down ward) Resvitent RK ie giver shy, Ye R= V (eFs)* + CeFy Jt . V (Gres + Caqnay™ R= 523-94 WN Divection 4 Restlet, ery O92-4e an © = = rH Cr 34k OF uU pono = 1134 afoz ese) As fx is positive § Efy is nyative , Resul baat vall Lies in hth quadtant : s Aas Sf = Bhb 5g 4a, NPS pe eRe 523.54 Efy: 392-90P) [eos enon] ~ negeive sign andicadts ute surrent forces out of which only three are le and direction. IR =18 KN is the resultant of four known, Find the fourth foree in magni Here Resullod Ris given in Figure a Re 1g kW \, % angle of Resullont utth R=ABKN X-aWS = Go-ho = SO T We Know hot, Ra= % Component Of Resullant= Sf = 18 Cos 5o’ Ry= ¥ Cornponent of Resullant = =FY=-18 sin SO TAssume hot fowsth Torce is F whith makes @ angle with X-axis *Y componint of Suece F will be, = F Cos® ¥ Component of force F wih be = FSin® ai) Reselving fowces along x $ ¥ diva, a) SZFx = 20 CoSHS - 12.695 Go-15c08 5° + FHS O = [ees soz— bYa + Fuse. Foes@ = 18:06 .------- @ #. SFY = 20 Sin 4S + 2 8ingo- 15 dnsv + F Sing -\@SinSo= 13-04 + F Sino FSin@= - 268% From gr OFM As x component oF force F is F USO Which Is positive Y compnod °F force F is Fsinm whith is negative Force F is in fourth Juadrart - * ‘to means Divide Sin C120- o). L190 - © = 43 BF” » fee) ans.| Moment s- “The irning effect produced by a force on the body, on whith i+ acts 1's called a8 (Momunt - Mornent of force about any point Js the meynibade of foree and per pend ular product of drstance of ferce From tne point abord which moment is te be token - clotkwise © + +ve 70 Ankicockwise J > -w- Let force Fis apptced at point A as Shown: Gc is any point about which we want te take momed Shes Prev, poind 0, Orwo OM Ane — perpendiwlay te ane Mine of athion of force. Om= d= Perpendimloy disfance beth Force $ pat Oo. -pornent = M4 =F xds | Graphical aepreaentalion of moment s~ = Selact cuitohle seale fo focorfe the force graphically - = Draw a Line parallel je Une ef acken of farce. \ergth of his Vine can he coluslole) Paren selacked Sele Ye ot o Mre will be equel do mognihade of forea: Sn Ye Piguet, Force F vo repersaded Wy Vee Aa: Mow Ie} 0 is The moment Conte. & oma = Perpindiodar dialanun 22) AtBneHon, mag xd: |Heoo goin on 400. ghen, tn A OB Area (A0AG)= bx ARROM, 2 (Ars ef 2 0AB) = Fxde = Me lms the mement ef ony feree ebout any point i> pumenseally eacl ts Fwile| Ara of Teinmple inwhith base yepresints force 4 hey\h represt-Ts | ype Porptnd\ cular Mckan ce +I Nowignon's Theovern [ haw of moments J 5+ atotes thot if numbue of forces ode aching SimWtaniously on o bedy , the algebrie sum of movnunls of all the forces obeut any point ts equal to moment of jheir resultant about Same pint Methemed colly » = zlFed) = (Rx a) where F = au forees Athy en abedy el = i clistance - Re Peydjad of ell fortes. u oe LY cbistance ef Rasuldent forte mbyd a pola whet memend 1s take: Uses~ Ths theorm $5 usehal fo culealate or Aine The positien vv Lecohon of Rasutderd of Dane tonarrend forte Sy S4ten-hCouple * _ A_poix_of two equal and apposite Cuntike) paredjel Forces Cot Same meyritute) i5 knouen a5 Couple + Properties +f couple i- 3 Two unlike parallel, nen-celinear forces of same mognitude will frm couple: S — Resublant of couple i always zeev- SD Moment of couple is product of one ef the force £ Aayer orn of Coupfes tne Fxde Jever arrs of tuples LI distance a) Couple Can pot be balanced by single force - 5) Guple tan be balanced dap erly by another comple of epposite nature - 6) moment of couple js indeptndet f momend Cendee- is no} sequined te felt nomen of bur Couple forees. WRe Rede paid Couple r FE - d cleckuige Couples Q F F . ® 4 Anhdeckwice CoupleA force of Ist is apptitd of cn angle of Go® fo the dye ef door as cham FF in Figure + Gnd tre momet of Hints force. isn oe ° (Nene A SS sve be Brlukin. Fate : “ea ISN y Re © NS aes UC A hk 018m —HA Resolving force at point B 4 then taking the momen — abort peiwt o, Me = (1s cosGe’ X 0) + (158inGo° x og) = oO lo: 39 Mo. =10' 33 N-m].A SON force i5 applied fo the tonfrsl wd AB metermine morant Ff fhis Fosee about point B- =F Solution +- As we clori} know perpentilar dislaace bet” force § point 'B, Jet us resolve the force inte two Components: * X- Componced tf force fe = go Sas - RINSETN Y- Component of force, Fae GOSH OS = 3R-036 Alow tokyng moments about point g- Maz! fe x @singsy] - [Faxes esi] See an Mp = (Rise x 2-712) - (Ga-eBex p29) ‘\ Ss = any BYS- Ys) Fs f 173+ $3 Nn)o pie on Non conuiryent forees + Varignen's Hore ce | Delevmine the resellant of the System oF forces ating on a beam 95 shown in Figure gokr 20kn 3o KN ob ese gh ism => Abow. Force syskm ie utp consent force sysfeen- Reoolving Whe forces Herizontall Shes — 20 CoS CO = -10 KN = lekn (foward left) Rrstluing fortes verditally Shy ~% 30> 905in Ge = 67 32 KNe Ehy = 61 32 kh (downwerds) Resulink, R= VERO An) Nts est S| Re 6R:06 KN oe 263032 Direction of feselfagt, tans tS How taking moment abot point A Using Varynon's Hreorem. BIN, = Moment of fryllaet @ A. (rox1-5) + GAs) + (s08ingo xo) = (ef x0) ERs Koc) 929-42 = 6182 XK % Ae 22492 = 3326 M From point A> 6]. 82 ‘a ety ANS => 20 kw Be ke | ¥* gabe 1 Biss . Lage 6 A eh 8 #— «= aoxtrn—e ’For a givtn force syshero, find he resulfant in meq ni fude dintclion. Als find Hu Lecabion 6f rss ant- x= Sp wh on 1sw Resolving fol es Yorizendelty: Efg = -1s +25 e$Ho = yas NH (foward right) Rrsobiry foxces vertically, Eby W Unko 10 = GOP yn (upward) - ke VERS hy eR gist + ee7* we] RE rs Jfon xe SFY G04 Efe “as los sea? | ~ angte mode Ly semlet TH find exact ponte of RK, Jet A is the per pends abler olislany. beer RS pret 8. Using veuynons thregem a point Re ~ Rx m2 EM = (le x1S0) - (1s x 19 singe) + (25% 375) — (6:25 xi000) |Svo ~ 1723-6 + 9375 -62A I RX HE t Rex = 294 Nemm — C clotkwite)- me Gly K 29014 F3e [ae 334-78 mm] from Point B-Find resultant moment of two couples for the loading as shown in Fig Moment. of son couple, 16 Chek use » = 50 XI so Nva © pnoment vf 120 N couple js also Choc wise, = Wox 8 = B Nm Ic 100 BUR Resujand momen = sv + BO = |20 Nem © Find the Resultant and it’s point of application on y- axis for the force system acting on Triangular plate as shown in Fig, 50.N : { 4 . Rescluing fortes dna y div 3m EF, > 20-Sowso | z c= 2o- Se COS 26:86 s = 20N =f Gn N 30N = aon () @= ton! (3) Bo + Sv Sin 36-86 = B6ee with, eel ea R= Ven seh)* = 20 Ne foward [ere — (as =FY zo) * lat us my _Pasignans Yreorem af Priv Be =Me= R » =(oxH) 2 Ra Qi ke JOO own, © \Ro Ni Hs mament of Rasulld is magaliye ieee Vs ankclock wise, - fo = Rec z loo 2: *e Se = fe Az Gm Frem poink B ahbd th wh be ‘ B fe eabe anticlockwise moment shone Goutlithe resultant moment about point A is 4800 Nm clockwise, determine the Jou magnitude of Fy if F)= 300 N and F; = 400 N. geoSinGo e Ne at Ff ie Fy ' a A doo CoS Go" > Fp S0S53°13 Angle rade by F3 wills Hozentel = Asis = 5318 F2sinsa.jg 3 Given: Rrdjat Memed = 4 300m & let us apply varignon's Hneowem al. point 4, EM, = Qe) [C800 Go) x Yt [Chee sin co) x 5] + [(% Sin 53-13)45] — [ (Fs cos 5313) eH] = 4800 “ SIG62 +1732°05 + 3-93 Fs -2-54 Fo = Have 2251-67 +) 59 Fe = Heo - oe 1: Sq Fo= 2548-35 Fa = 25H8 3 fs. 2548.33 oR Wg | Fa= Jeod-q2 n\ Fae Isqe-PnThe three forces shown in Fig. create a vertical resultant acting through point B. If P= 361 N, compute the values of T and F. apontt runt \: , | EK tl wP AEE = Trm alven flane, aunt T Angle mate by Fovce P is, stan’ US) = 4S" with Hori zen! ?7 ppgle made by fowce Fo is, = tan’ (4) = 1943 wits i) Hox rent: Angle made by force T is = tan! (2) sap ot Tsin Tse Horizonte: T\ fy psions A = 3610) , i+ , | v be 4 “ 6 S156, 8 i Poosas §~+--- a COS 12643 b F He ESin ie Reasliing forces along 4-8 | dase As Resulluoh is verHed, Jab tb is upward, then Efex 0 § SFy: RQ. . SFee PCOSHs + FCoSiR Hs - ToS 7)-Se O = BelShS + F cos (B43 - T WS 7pse © = 259-26 + OS5F ~ oO227 © O95 F - O82 7T = -255.26 -7-----Q SFys Psinys - F Sinyaya + TSin Ise R= SEV MH AS - Fs 1 e48 + T sin Ws R 255°26 - O32F + o-SST & 2+ ®now, AS it is gwen thal Resultant acfs at got Ba \e} us oaely Yarignon’s theovern at pont B. SMee Ra X- Bul As R is aching at B pont, Hs ferpendi war Astonce Trem Point BsitselF will be zom- + SMe= RAT -Cpmsys xt) — CPSin4s xz) + CT 887) Se 4) H—UrSin ay st x1) — Ce Coo 1848 x1) 4 UF Sin Jauaxa) = RAO As PF 30) N as5-26 - (255.26x2) + 0 32T-O-95T - o-95 fF + (0-32FK2) =0 765-78 HogrT -095 T ~ S4SE PebyF FO S 76578 ~ 0637-28) F =O —e:3) F_-0:63T = 765-78 ---@ Solving <4" O and @ Siroolforreoucly OOSF — 0377 = ~ ass.r6 -o3lF - S637 = 7o5-78 Fe -Sartien| 4 Solving tree, Can’Determine the resultant of four forces tangent to the circle of radius 1.5 m as shown. Determine its location w.r.t, ‘0’. Resolving fortes in fk and Y divechon, SEF, se 2QH-16 cog 4S locos 45 = 12°63 Kn C+) SSP S -12 +8-1esinas = ~1S*3\ kw [bsinast Faisal kw (J Resultot Ry Divechon of Resu|jad, = Pe fyye Re) Cefsy +E fy) Se ta aaa Re teegt + (assay ote tan” 1s) Ke (9-88 kN ez Se35* | sy, mh quadiet Ve know 7 NTE Sige XN 3° 4? w ¥(D> Kesoluhon into two Parallel Corporat: Caer © “Twn, Components Hes on etther sides of Force etee en Porat sphnnbert nn ; 2 For thi$ Case , = beth Components voust have Sume clinrechion as thai of the etiginel fore: = 1a p £ @ ave the Hoo poresiel component f force FF, Hen pt ase 7 Using votigmar's theory We Com Find Mme mognibale tf ether fover- Cae G whin Too Components Wes on one Gide Of tesul fant 1 f@ ro aa: - for thes Both Cornporusts mud have opposite direchon- = Componed near tne foree will have savne devechion Os that of — feree (> ~ Wk GF q owe the tomponeals, phen Spot G'e/F z= = Using Varsqnesis treowen we ten fad roegfide of ober fotee -] Exomples on Pavellel forces + wie of varignion's Theoree Replace the Force sqsiem by single free. renee S specidy its point of application measured along x-anis from point Pe RUE Me hig: 4 1250 “ 3son &50N ae btn am Si, em tm tm} as fortes ote — A vwibeat, ras Pae’r %- Cemponeate will be zero: ow find sealtent , E FR 0 Efy= ~ 125 —3Sd 4 Bod = 31s 8 Cupward) R= Ve Heh 2 sor ats oe BT oi ns pn Porces on virhcel , Resort wit lye ke veh ol: vee Ke gor fon a= ab. ane 2 Ke ton Go) Ke 90° has fis verberd acting upumneds Now Using voacynon's Theotam obt Point Pp, Ree = (8x4) - (ayex7) -laseosy (Rox) = -925 Hem + AS moment F Resufod is ~Ve, i} ig anhclockwise , T Produce antiteckwise moment abot P, Rasulbort yams Ur Fe The aight ef psiwt Pes shoon in FyRex = -9125 Nem. (875 % = - 925 Nem: me = 925 . — 375 \o = 2467 mm | fave po} P tpword vigeh Resolw Boo N force mt A into two parallel Con po- =nents ° £Q_ arting respechvety oloy@ a-a $ b-b- @ b-b & C-e a: .e yb . am Aim ' am! ian ‘S Ib Case'® Rtsslakoo akon a-a £ bb. Here Force 16 bed her Componeaht, thus both Camm panel wah haw geonre dipethog as thet of fovee- oy te Ala ‘ ® geow! b weet i @ Re Fy i =m es - PQ gov= p+g_ -ONow baking miment at bb; fF Using vent non Pre Lem, = (ger x3) = - (Px 5) P= g@x3 “ = [p= uson] downward PTF = RUD qa Reo-hao , Q= 3208 f Aronvnrd. Case Regolwhon oles bb € c-c- wet? am fF ene am ' x | ‘ ; 'e 6 os | i Q now wo component Lie on ane ade of fogot bm forte Caer) ghas they muah have opposite direrhien. & Ye Componend mae fhe BeoN will have Same. Aivection as trod Ff fK Boo w ferte- Re EFy eo SG +f Harp Q) feos pow \sking sowent ot b-b Fosiey variqned.s Yatorém. -(geo%3) = -(@ xr) 1 mye 2 Qe = [Reree]y - Armond ame -C +P “Bm = -120 +P Tp= Goon, - upwardHind the residdant af following force syskm ond also recofe VL frm pein Ae As al fovees ave vethel , =txz0 Reselving forces veabieally, S05 7 ie Fe gee es ae Sly = 5 KN Copunrd) Resvldand, R= \) CRE (ER)™ = NV (ER YT teers As Efaeco. "he Zzfy 2. Re _s ker (upward) F\xs se] Mew using — voriqnon's thease nf peint A Era + Ke oe Foxes) — (x55) F (RS KES) + (35% R)-[GeI) = Ree ° — 39°25 Kym = RX: Re R= BR 25 KNem C Ankicleckurse) Bxar 34:25 Rr BU 25 2 785 mm from print A- Ss \a> p95 m _firem alDalvemine the resuilant of the paralte) force sysh ox thon in higwte 4 docoke Yond: 0", fading of Civth is fam. Ay 1 As ol Fores age Hovinontel, =A 20+ “Resolving Lares Horizontally, TFxs ~~ Se - g04)50 ah = -80N EF = go NC towards [eft As Efy= O thus, R= SF “+ Rrowast = R= 0 n (fowerd belt) te find exatk bocohon of RK, vse Voi nen's Hyeaten oof Qoled ‘ol. SM, = Ri xe- : a oe 2. f\vo% sin go) + Ge x sings) ~ (19K sin 99) ~ Box sinae) = FS bbe ae Nem DS Cahcletkwise) = Rim a fem s 16675 es goxne $6605 <9 ro 166-0 k aon he 30 arte = | [ae zee | gel non \