Globalization
Pendo Ndaki
School of Public Health- CUHAS
Globalization
Definition: Global interconnectedness
Tanzania
America India
Gobalization
Move Goods
ment
of : services
Capital
Technology
People
Globalization
Process:
Driven by Aided by
International Communication
Trade Technology
Investment
Globalization
Effects
Culture
Environment
Political system
Economic Development
Human physical wellbeing
Globalization
•Global Village (by Marshall
McLuhan 1960s)
People living in different parts of
the world share:
Values
Ideas
Believes
People share the products of
‘global brand’→ are being
produced for consumption by
people throughout the world. E.g
coca cola,
‘global market place’
Effects. cont
•Global Society
- The idea that globalization is
leading to people being
incorporated into a single world
society → homogeneous.
Features of Globalization
• Communication
- Modernized the whole world
- Electronic communication change
our notions of the social groups we
interact.
- We now live in a world where
events in one location can be
immediately observed on one side of
the world
•Global Culture
- The world shares a common
culture much of it come from USA
-A world culture is developing,
people are beginning to ‘think
globally and act locally’
• A new world politics
- State/countries are no longer
closed units and they cannot
control their economies and
internal affairs
- Global government: no longer
talking about individual state,
everything has been centralized
Dimensions of Globalization
• Three dimensions of global
change which are requirements
of effects:-
o Spatial
o Temporal
o Cognitive
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Spatial Dimension
- Globalization is leading to changes
to human societies along the
spatial dimension:-
Globalization is creating
changes to how we perceive
and experience physical or
territorial space.
The physical world- how human
beings interact with that space
and size.
How we move across territorial
space, how we define and use
space, how we interact across
physical distances is being
changed as a consequence of
globalization
Increase in population mobility
- Formally, traveling was rare →
today we are a generation on the
move & mobility are expected to
continue
- Travel might be temporary, such
as business, study or due to
unexpected displacement
• Temporal Dimension
- How we perceive and experience
time
- The link between space and time is
a close
- We able to move about more
quickly and across greater distances
because of available technologies
such as jet airlines and high speed
trains.
•Time and Space
- seem to collapse
- Our perceptions of physical
space have changed – the ‘death
of distance’
- our old ideas of geographical
space and of chronological time
are undermined by the speed of
modern communication and
media.
Cognitive Dimension
Cognitive
*Thoughts
*Problem
solving
History of Globalization
Globalization is not new, though.
For thousands of years, people have
been buying from and selling to
each other in lands at great
distances,
Globalization, Health and
development
There is great link between
globalization, health and
development.
However, not all region share the
same positive effects of
globalization
Positive effects in the LDCs
i. Economic growth and capital
For the economic growth/ development
to take place, human capital is highly
required.
Human capital needs health
consideration.
Since health is an important component
of human capital, therefore health
matters for economic outcomes.
Positive effects in the LDCs
A healthier workforce is a more
productive workforce. Productivity can
increase when individually are
physically and mentally active.
These human resources can make more
efficient use of technology, machinery
and equipment. Also they can
understand the knowledge flow and
apply.
Positive effects in the LDCs
Good health can also result in a higher
labour supply.
Good health may reduce the number of
sick days that a person takes.
It may allow the workers to postpone
the retirement age. Therefore it extends
the number of economically productive
life years in the labour market .
Positive effects in the LDCs
ii. Increase of life span
The flow of knowledge and
technologies on health has reduced
mortality rate across countries.
Both people from the poor and rich
countries can access locally health
knowledge and techniques that are
produced from other countries.
Positive effects in the LDCs
iii. Improved Health system
information
Health information system is available
in public sphere.
Electronic systems is used to keep and
track the patients’ information easily to
replace the manual paper based
information.
E-conference, e-operation,
Positive effects in the LDCs
Accuracy and specific measurement.
-It has promoted uniform procedures.
-Improvement of management
infrastructure.
Departmental network in a hospital that
can be linked to the hospital director
and check the staff efficiency and
performance
.
Positive effects in the LDCs
Sharing information among different
stakeholders of health practitioners
Positive effects in the LDCs
Increased Consumption of Health Care
- Patients are increasingly travelling
abroad in order to access health
procedures. He argues that
“consumption of health care, just
like its provision, is no longer confined
by national borders.
- Trans-border movement of
diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Failure of Globalization
Globalization has benefited only a
relatively small number of
countries; some regions of the world
are still not benefiting from the world
economy.
- Many of the poorest countries
remain marginalized from world trade
and investment.
Failure of Globalization
Due to easy communication:
Internal Brain-Drain
- Some countries experienced
internal brain drain→ Public health
delivery to private health delivery
External brain drain → the movement
of qualified health professional from
LDCs to developed countries has
weakened the health system of some
LDCs
Failure of Globalization
There is movement of qualified health
professional from LDCs to developed
countries has weakened the health
system of some.
LDCs face shortages of qualified health
providers for implementing public
health intervention
