lelte, tach gamete i ves Ma eel Bitty agit puysincy tise =
ee sept cya” i allele independtatty , the fou gamneted) Ayph Mf
wile be. sgially. pager, 0» Lac wile .be 25 pucenle op Ma tae de hty
a XI cre, the 4. ype ap goody. would: be rrpuled Ap fle M-
Sinton ia_tneny pottitte c0mbinalien te give Ate Me gpgete a0 hen
men One thi) Atrumotiony My = pertiigation: ot Mh Pa weil predict
Ese may p18 tualy. pag pga genes fairy feo OT
Ainguishatte phenotypes» ___
fea Ae Aka rene Mhe_puninie Mf pos plead. asthe the debts
Aelde Arve in. thi) tater Phaud thee ata huprereriie ac dityptld: —
om Seas Andigendenke_auettonial ie ha ce ian
puter te tetlea. tn Chi ae iy
| Csgaee frat fee
Atonehybria and: itp nat pay ty Frat hyp
| tical predidian faded “yen fottenting atseanption + ss
1. Lyly_tddele_ts_tj thee dominant or revefives
2 fegregation of atieles 3 _tndeptndeat and ae 2)
Ee Sniependiat assotmett # Series betuts,
4. fertilization 0s randure:_ sana
Tha ttumpliore 3 dente hte Aoflasad by chance aodeaaaee eae
fp ipa to Aacden: flucuationd. Flay seatenabie. uctutilion:f em
he tie i attubuted 4000 Ww chan devcition
herr daanple tye MV _sevallds hh chance? of duviation fron Ahe ype
Vial patie ae snot rand whi ae We Me shance
Awvitdien hp het fae ae es igig ©
im saune 2, amc Of i é
Yer example, while towing a coin ire tantt : ighty
head tan he £5, Muntfire, deviasion from He es
He shane A Ay
00. Arad wu
bp ne wna
While Rowing aw coin Anowiand Rim,
Ftcaus, it AP practicaly Ampovitte to ga I ‘
L000 sven) ob Loin eoing. thw nati of hens bade
Lit put Mightily Aho Ae 124. il
t son a cructd Mil:
So gentle being atte te untuate opted avian it iad
> Chi Guace Caleudebiong —
He atpuine: that the alc flo tt ar guoen rally fy S21, 12254
Bil ob 9° 3 23:40 and ne attalhithe tc nett: buypathiste ( Ho):
© Mull heypetherie— Fu ship, ait Aamuune [hak Ahirk i me read difgertace
(Haren the mtanused and dhe redicted ration fing apgparant- diff: -
Nehence cam Av Attributed purely Me chance» The- validly of Aah,
| Aypettits? for ae _givers hf Alc Me matasined, sting, seid
+ Aepending aspen the: Aepully a Melita analy the. que ypatheg
ee Ch
oe
Wh»
o
© — expected value
a
Saterprtation eile es ak
af 3 il a3 =i ee
i eed yen
1 = tent of edlegeiien Av itt =
Az a Weasels ledeolag coucipending- protabibiby value Cp= radia)
| p-walug At Aealewbaleduiiny. dhe Madara p= OPE ee ie
> Aieputalin of eval ssn EA SS
a “rl iP dingy plicentage nd accel Mol al Aaypothenid ie aujedlid
.
er faite Ae get rujectid For Mbit pupae, 0 ee
vedi p= value MV met often’ 0-06» __ carey
e
Gpire Blained. p-valie iP dep Mlle 0-05 thin ite mea Maat Abe wepyen
| Aeedasien ere peb- of Api A Mikey Me seteun. hy thine alent dt
Medd tte 5 posta of inte Auch te p- Value indicatey Mat the difference
pete He ood and predicted stilt Ay quite suianiid aad, thi,
ine sudl hypothesi? i? required te be Aejedéd
4 p- Velue Mt 70:05, it drditaley the Muewed cdevialitry dd likely Me
te thaintd by chun alent 5% te mee timer Div AMewy up
da nije the mult bf ten?6
& Eeptember cong
> Che-dguan fr nialypes fe ayfeuent palas“s
® DPalaset I
There are 50 flies) aehity are phinolpicaly ~
gry, dong wings - 189
Grey» dumpy wings ~ 67
Gla, fang wings. “So.
Blac dampy mings — #4
* | Papercut hypathene
| by docking at Lie deve ata, we sbtumne Male At filp ibe
(Oe Mendelian aihybid crow ratio: 9438924 pheadlypi nate):
[7 clypeid crew should: gwe rise Ae 4 phtatypie leteD an tie
Latin #32524, 44 the gered ( for colour and Wings y
MiP case) tre auterled in teepteadeetily,s Cy. Sn a
o=
dibybi phinibipia ratiy 92 32 5: 4.a) 1) 1 hapten Aes
DATASET 1 :~
S.No. Observed \ © vypected | Devi ‘alion a?
Phenotype numbers | numb | c= (0-6)
(o) ce)
9g
7% 52° +9 BL
Grey, long wings | 189
pet | eee
Grey, duenpy rings) 67
= 180
3B x 32
3x 320
= 60
=
Black, long wings) 50 sande
Gi
lath, dumpy Z| 14
=60
£320
46
all
Total 320
= Sd aay
e
Degree frecdan a (voheye number of prerispe classes)
ees
Sa
between 0°20 and 0-05.
p-value “%s
value & gee tin
Probability of osrnining te 1"
deviation ¥ egpeeted walue for observed value & not considered sigeipront
anc nuh hypotresis: fails bo get ryttted
Thus, above ciara fits into gai ast rile Nea
0.05, henet,oe @
tors
@ |paraser a
|
jee are 1010 flceP mich aneDATASET ZT
; Observed | Expeetea |, ey
S-No. Phenotype Oo ee | ns |Dealion| ga ae
(o) (e) cancel, &
i —- 4.
Gyty, bong wit 2 4010 |
Bo an Ono 587 {4 418-87 | 356.0769| 0-63 |
= 568-15) |
2 ; 3 y 1010
Gry dumpy esa etre +764 | 58-3696] 0-31
189-36
lath, long wings 456-2496
4 x1010
black, Auoepy Wings aie
= 55.16
MgB =.= 379
é
doje a fom 2n-t (where n ts number S prenviypte classes)
-4-1 =3
P value % belwetn 0:20 and OOS.
Pee ccminng PeX” tle cs greater thin 0-05. fants He
dition of cppeted value from observed ts not connitered agrifient and
te ruts hy pothesis fris get ‘seal
Thus, the thot Mate fits into 923 i abe:A Aeapltenber tots
® | Daraset mm
There ase 1275 fut qwhiely ave pherrotypicaliy —
Grey, long wings = tbo
Greys dumpy wigs — 718
: Black, long voings =_A5s
| seat, -_
; lack: dtumpy wings 70
E + Argpereds mul ygpethepi? —
ee ee ee
ae: | Menatlinan