m16 qp42 q9

18

9 A particle of charge +q and mass m is travelling with a constant speed of 1.6 × 105 m s–1 in a
vacuum. The particle enters a uniform magnetic field of flux density 9.7 × 10–2 T, as shown in
Fig. 9.1.

uniform magnetic
field out of the plane of
particle the paper
charge +q flux density 9.7 × 10–2 T
mass m
speed 1.6 × 105 m s–1

path of particle

Fig. 9.1

The magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the initial velocity of the particle and perpendicular
to, and out of, the plane of the paper.

A uniform electric field is applied in the same region as the magnetic field so that the particle
passes undeviated through the fields.

(a) State and explain the direction of the electric field.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength.

Explain your working.

electric field strength = .................................................V m–1 [3]

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(c) The electric field is now removed so that the positively-charged particle follows a curved path
in the magnetic field. This path is an arc of a circle of radius 4.0 cm.
q
Calculate, for the particle, the ratio m .

ratio = ................................................C kg–1 [3]

(d) The particle has a charge of 3e where e is the elementary charge.

(i) Use your answer in (c) to determine the mass, in u, of the particle.

mass = ........................................................u [2]

(ii) The particle is the nucleus of an atom. State the number of protons and the number of
neutrons in this nucleus.

number of protons = ...............................................................

number of neutrons = ...............................................................

[1]

[Total: 11]

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 s17 qp41 q7 14

7 An electron having charge –q and mass m is accelerated from rest in a vacuum through a potential
difference V.
The electron then enters a region of uniform magnetic field of magnetic flux density B, as shown
in Fig. 7.1.

uniform magnetic
field into plane
of paper

path of
electron

Fig. 7.1

The direction of the uniform magnetic field is into the plane of the paper.
The velocity of the electron as it enters the magnetic field is normal to the magnetic field.
The radius of the circular path of the electron in the magnetic field is r.

(a) Explain why the path of the electron in the magnetic field is the arc of a circle.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Show that the magnitude p of the momentum of the electron as it enters the magnetic field is
given by

p = (2mqV ).

[2]

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(c) The potential difference V is 120 V. The radius r of the circular arc is 7.4 cm.

Determine the magnitude B of the magnetic flux density.

B = ....................................................... T [3]

(d) The potential difference V in (c) is increased. The magnetic flux density B remains unchanged.

By reference to the momentum of the electron, explain the effect of this increase on the
radius r of the path of the electron in the magnetic field.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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 w17 qp42 q8 18

8 A thin slice of conducting material is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field, as shown in
Fig. 8.1.

magnetic
field

F E

S
R

C D

P Q
current I

Fig. 8.1

The magnetic field is normal to face CDEF and to face PQRS.

The current I in the slice is normal to the faces CDQP and FERS.

A potential difference, the Hall voltage VH, is developed across the slice.

(a) (i) State the faces between which the Hall voltage VH is developed.

................................................................ and .............................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain why a constant voltage VH is developed between the faces you have named
in (i).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) Two slices have similar dimensions. One slice is made of a metal and the other slice is made
of a semiconductor material.

For the same values of magnetic flux density and current, state which slice, if either, will give
rise to the larger Hall voltage. Explain your reasoning.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

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9 (a) State what is meant by a field of force.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain the use of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electric field for the selection of the
velocity of charged particles. You may draw a diagram if you wish.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

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(c) A beam of charged particles enters a region of uniform magnetic and electric fields, as
illustrated in Fig. 9.1.

region of uniform
magnetic and
electric fields

path of particle

mass m
charge +q
velocity v

magnetic field
into plane of
paper

Fig. 9.1

The direction of the magnetic field is into the plane of the paper. The velocity of the charged
particles is normal to the magnetic field as the particles enter the field.

A particle in the beam has mass m, charge +q and velocity v. The particle passes undeviated
through the region of the two fields.

On Fig. 9.1, sketch the path of a particle that has

(i) mass m, charge +2q and velocity v (label this path Q), [1]

(ii) mass m, charge +q and velocity slightly larger than v (label this path V). [2]

[Total: 9]

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8 A horseshoe magnet is placed on a top pan balance. A rigid copper wire is fixed between the
poles of the magnet, as illustrated in Fig. 8.1.

A
rigid copper
wire

balance
pan
horseshoe
magnet
B

Fig. 8.1

The wire is clamped at ends A and B.

(a) When a direct current is switched on in the wire, the reading on the balance is seen to
decrease.

State and explain the direction of:

(i) the force acting on the wire

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) the current in the wire.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) A direct current of 4.6 A in the wire causes the reading on the balance to change by
4.5 × 10–3 N.

The direct current is now replaced by an alternating current of frequency 40 Hz and

root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value 4.6 A.

On the axes of Fig. 8.2, sketch a graph to show the change in balance reading over a time of
50 ms.

change in
2
balance
reading
/ 10–3 N 0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time / ms
–2

–4

–6

–8

Fig. 8.2
[3]

[Total: 8]

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6 (a) State the two conditions that must be satisfied for a copper wire, placed in a magnetic field,
to experience a magnetic force.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A long air-cored solenoid is connected to a power supply, so that the solenoid creates a
magnetic field. Fig. 6.1 shows a cross-section through the middle of the solenoid.

Z section through
solenoid wires
Y

W
X

Fig. 6.1

The direction of the magnetic field at point W is indicated by the arrow. Three other points are
labelled X, Y and Z.

(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw arrows to indicate the direction of the magnetic field at each of the
points X, Y and Z. [3]

(ii) Compare the magnitude of the flux density of the magnetic field:

● at X and at W .................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

● at Y and at Z. .................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) Two long parallel current-carrying wires are placed near to each other in a vacuum.

Explain why these wires exert a magnetic force on each other. You may draw a labelled
diagram if you wish.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 10]

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