ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
EXPERIMENT NO 4
AIM:To study basic commands in Linux Networking
REQUIREMENTS: Linux Software
THEORY:
Linux commands are a type of Unix command or shell procedure. They are the basic tools
used to interact with Linux on an individual level. Linux commands are used to perform a
variety of tasks, including displaying information about files and directories.Linux operating
system is used on servers, desktops, and maybe even your smartphone. It has a lot of
command line tools that can be used for virtually everything on the system
Some Basic Linux commands:
1.ifconfig:ifconfig is short for interface configurator. This command is utilized in network
inspection, initializing the interface, enabling or disabling an IP address, and configuring an
interface with an IP address. Also, it is used to show the network and route interface.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
2.ip: It is the updated and latest edition of ifconfig command. The command provides the
information of every network, such as ifconfig. Also, it can be used to get information about
a particular interface.
3.tracepath: The tracepath command is the same as the traceroute command, and it is used
to find network delays. Besides, it does not need root privileges. By default, it comes
pre-installed in Ubuntu. It traces the path to the destination and recognizes all hops in it. It
identifies the point at which the network is weak if our network is not strong enough.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
4.ping: It is short for Packet Internet Groper. The ping command is one of the widely used
commands for network troubleshooting. Basically, it inspects the network connectivity
between two different nodes.
-4: It used to use IPv4 only.
-b: It is used to ping a broadcast address.
-B: It is used for not changing the source address of probes.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
-d: It is used to set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
Ping using DNS
5.netstat: It is short for network statistics. It gives statistical figures of many interfaces,
which contain open sockets, connection information, and routing tables.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
6.ss: This command is the substitution for the netstat command. The ss command is more
informative and much faster than netstat. The ss command's faster response is possible
because it fetches every information from inside the kernel userspace.
7.nslookup: The nslookup command is an older edition of the dig command. Also, it is
utilized for DNS related problems.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
8.dig: dig is short for Domain Information Groper. The dig command is an improvised
edition of the nslookup command. It is utilized in DNS lookup to reserve the DNS name
server. Also, it is used to balance DNS related problems. Mainly, it is used to authorize DNS
mappings, host addresses, MX records, and every other DNS record for the best DNS
topography understanding.
9.route: The route command shows and employs the routing table available for our system.
Basically, a router is used to detect a better way to transfer the packets around a destination.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
10.host: The host command shows the IP address for a hostname and the domain name for
an IP address. Also, it is used to get DNS lookup for DNS related issues.
11.arp: The arp command is short for Address Resolution Protocol. This command is used to
see and include content in the ARP table of the kernel.
12.iwconfig: It is a simple command which is used to see wireless extensions.
13.hostname:It is a simple command which is used to see and set the system's hostname.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
14.wget: These commands are used to download files from CLI from the internet.
15.mtr: The mtr command is a mix of the traceroute and ping commands. It regularly shows
information related to the packets transferred using the ping time of all hops. Also, it is used
to see network problems.
ANUSHREE IDEKAR A16
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the experiment on basic Linux networking commands provided participants
with practical insights into essential networking tasks, including interface management,
connectivity testing, and troubleshooting.
