Mother tongue based Mother-Tongue-Based Instruction

instructions is an educational approach

where teaching and learning
take place in the students' first
language or native language,
particularly during the early
years of schooling.

Understanding Bilingual A program where students from

Education (two way bilingual different language backgrounds
education are taught in both languages,
such as English and Filipino.
Mother tongue based Instruction begins in mother
bilingual education or the tongue or home language, and
developmental bilingualism then the next language is
gradually introduced using their
knowledge of the home
language as a scaffold for
learning the new one. According
to Nolasco as cited by Gallego
and Zubiri (2013), the teacher
starts from where the learners
are and on what they already
know. Additionally, Ganal in
Navarro, et al. (2016) claimed
that the learners’ mother tongue
development is correlated to
their second language
development.
Multilingual education Education start’ being delivered
in the mother tongue before it
transitions to introducing
additional languages. It aims are
multilingualis and multiliteracy
and as cited by Cenoz (2013)
cited, Involves improved
linguistic academic results
Transitional Bi/Multilingual It is a rapidly shifts from using
Education one language onto English to
 develop english literacy abilities
as soon as possible Bilings, et.al,
2010) Here the focus is for
learners to master the second
language which results in the
either lost their mother tongue
while acquiring the second
language or fail to fully develop
their mother tongue literacy. It is
an early exit program which a
sudden shift to L2 after just 2 to
3 years in school
Maintenance Bi/Multilingual All target languages become the
Education mediums of instruction after L2,
and L3 has been introduced. L1
instruction often continues as a
topic of study to provide
ongoing support for the child’s
L1. This is often also called
additive bilingual education
because even if the next
language/s are introduced, L1 is
not displaced or abandoned. It
fosters the learners’ first
language and promote
bi/multilingualism and
bi/multiliteracy. It is late-exit
program that according to
Billings, et.al. (2010) aims at the
development of the learners’
literacy skills and proficiency in
their first language while having
comparable skills and
proficiency in the second
language.
Immersion of foreign It is a language education
language instruction approach where the students
are given instruction in all
academic subjects in the target
 language like English. Their
teachers are native speakers of
the target language and are
fluent in the students’ native
language. Foreign language
instruction typically involves
structured, formal education in a
language, usually within a
classroom setting. This method
focuses on teaching the rules
and uses of the language
through a planned curriculum.
There are three types of
immersion approach, namely: a)
total immersion in which the
learners are exposed only to the
target language the entire time
that they are in school; b)
partial immersion, in which
the learners are taught in the
target language half the time
while in their native language on
the other half; and c) two-way
immersion in which learners of
different language backgrounds
are combined in a classroom
and are taught in both their
native and target language
(FluentU, 2020).
Submersion (sink or swim) Refers to being completely
immersed in a challenging
situation where one must either
adapt and succeed (swim) or fail
(sink). It often describes a
situation where there’s no
middle ground—one must either
thrive or struggle.
Mother tongue based instruction
 Enhance Learning – Children understand concepts better
when taught in a language they speak and understand at
home.
 Boost Participation – It encourages active participation
and engagement, as students are more comfortable
expressing themselves.
 Foundation for future learning – Establishes a strong
foundation in literacy and critical thinking before
transitioning to other languages.
Educational Benefits
 Improve academic performance – Studies show higher
comprehension and retention rates
 Cultural identity – Reinforces cultural heritage and identity.
 Smooth transition – Easier progression to national or
international languages as students gain confidence in their
learning abilities

Understanding Bilingual Education (two way bilingual

education)
 Balance language – Instruction is provided in two
languages, helping students become proficient in both
 Mutual Learning – students learn each other’s languages,
helping everyone become fluent in both and good at reading
and writing in both.
 Cultural Exchange – Promotes understanding and respect
for different cultures, enriching the learning environment

Mother tongue-Based Bilingual Education (Developmental
Bilingualism
  Mother tongue’s first before the next language
 Instructions are taught on the student’s mother tongue
 Mother tongue and the next language is correlated

Educational Benefits
 Academic Success
 Cultural Connection
 Cognitive Development

Multilingual Education
 Instructions are delivered in student’s mother tongue
 To develop a multilingualism and multiliteracy
Educational Benefits
 Career Opportunities – Being fluent and proficient in
multiple language leads to more opportunities
 Cultural Awareness – To have a better understanding in
different culture
 Increased Interpersonal Skills – Being able to socialize
with effectiveness

Transitional Bi/Multilingual Education

 Shifting one’s language which is the mother tongue to
another language

Maintenance Bi/Multilingual Education

  L1 maintain the development while the additional language
is introduced
 Additive bilingual education

Immersion or Foreign Language Instruction

 Foreign language instruction
 Three types of Immersion , Total, Partial, Dual language

Submersion (sink or swim)

 Learning language without a support of native language