Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology

5–Km. Stone, Delhi – Meerut Road, Ghaziabad (U.P. – 201017)

DEPARTMENT OF ASH

Session:-2024-25 Semester:- I Subject :- Mathematics (EAS-103)

Unit: I (Matrices)
1 3 3
1. Transform 2 4 10 into a unit matrix by using elementary transformations.
3 8 4

2. Find the inverse of matrices by elementary transformation

0 1 2 1/2 −1/2 1/2
I. 1 2 3 Ans: −4 3 −1
3 1 1 5/2 −3/2 1/2
1 2 3 1 −3 2
II. 2 4 5 Ans: −3 3 −1
3 5 6 2 −1 0
2 3 4 −10 4 9
1
III. 4 3 1 Ans: 5
15 −4 −14
1 2 4 −5 1 6
3. Using elementary transformation, reduce the following matrices to normal form and find the rank
1 2 −1 4
I. 2 4 3 4 Ans rank = 3
1 2 3 4
−1 −2 6 −7
−2 −1 3 −1
II. 1 2 −3 −1 Ans Rank =3
1 0 1 1
0 1 1 −1
3 2 −1
III. 4 2 6 Ans Rank = 2
7 4 5
0 1 2 −1
IV. 1 2 1 1 Ans Rank = 4
3 1 0 2
1 1 −2 0
1 2 3 1
V. 2 4 6 2 Ans Rank = 2, Nullity = 2
1 2 3 2
3 −3 4
4. If 𝐴 = 2 −3 4 determine two non- singular matrices P and Q such that PAQ = I. Hence find
0 −1 1
𝐴−1

Dr. Sudhir Sharma 2024-25

 1 −1 0 1 0 0 1 −1 0
Ans: P= −2 3 −4 𝑄 = 0 1 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 = −2 3 −4
0 0 1 0 1 1 −2 3 −3
1 1 2
5. For the matrix A = 1 2 3 Find non singular matrices P and Q such that PAQ is in
0 −1 −1
normal form.
6. Investigate the following system of equations, hence find the solution
I. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −3; 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −2; 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 7
Ans: Inconsistent
II. 4x - 2y + 6z = 8; x + y - 3z = -1; 15x -3y + 9z = 21
Ans: x = 1; y = 3k-2; z = k
III. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3; 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2; 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −1
Ans: 𝑥 = −1; 𝑦 = 4; 𝑧 = 4
IV. 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 9; 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 5; 8𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 19
19 29 13 17
Ans: 𝑥 = − 14 𝑘 + 14 ; 𝑦 = 14 𝑘 + 14 ; 𝑧 = 𝑘
7. Investigate, for what value of λ and μ do the system of equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇
have (i) No Solution (ii) Unique Solution (iii) Infinite Solution
Ans: (i) No Solution 𝜆 = 3, 𝜇 ≠ 10 (ii) Unique Solution λ≠3, μ=any value (iii) Infinite
Solution 𝜆 = 3, 𝜇 = 10
8. Determine the value of a and b for which the system of equation
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑏; 5𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 3; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = −1
have (i) No Solution (ii) Unique Solution (iii) Infinite Solution
1
Ans: (i) No Solution 𝑎 = −3, 𝑏 ≠ (ii) Unique Solution a≠-3, b=any value (iii) Infinite
3
1
Solution 𝑎 = −3, 𝑏 =
3
9. Examine the following vectors are linearly dependent or in dependent, if Dependent find relation
between them
I. 𝑥 = 1,2,3 ; 𝑦 = 3, −2,1 ; 𝑧 = 1, −6, −5 Ans: 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
II. 𝑥 = 1, −1, 1 ; 𝑦 = 2, 1, 1 ; 𝑧 = 3, 0, 2 Ans: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧
𝛼 + 𝑖𝛾 −𝛽 + 𝑖𝛿
10. Show that the matrix is unitary if 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛾 2 + 𝛿 2 = 1
𝛽 + 𝑖𝛿 𝛼 − 𝑖𝛾
1 1 1
1
11. Show that 𝐴 = 3 1 ѡ ѡ2 is a unitary matrix, where ‘ѡ’ is complex cube root of unity.
1 ѡ2 ѡ
2 + 𝑖 3 −1 + 3𝑖
12. If 𝐴 = , verify that 𝐴∗ 𝐴 is a hermitian matrix where 𝐴∗ is the conjugate
−5 𝑖 4 − 2𝑖
transpose of A.
−2 2 −3
13. Find the Eigen Value and Eigen vector of the matrix 𝐴 = 2 1 −6
−1 −2 0
Ans: Eigen Values = -3, -3, 5 Eigen Vectors (3,0,1); (-2,1,0); (1,2,-1)

Dr. Sudhir Sharma 2024-25

 2 −1 1
14. Find the Eigen Value and Eigen vector of the matrix 𝐴 = −1 2 −1
1 −1 2
Ans Eigen Values = 1, 1, 4 Eigen Vectors (1,1,0); (-1,0,1); (1,-1,1)
4 2 101
15. Find the eigen value of matrix corresponding to the eigen vector .
2 4 101
Ans Eigen Value = 6
2 1 1
16. Prove that for matrix 𝐴 = 2 3 4 , all its Eigen values are distinct and real. Hence find
−1 −1 −2
the corresponding Eigen vectors.
Ans: Eigen Values = 3,-1,1 Eigen Vectors = (2,3,-1); (0,-1,1); (1,-1,0)
𝑎 𝑐 𝑏
17. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0 find the characteristics roots of the matrix 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎
𝑏 𝑎 𝑐
2 −1 1
18. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix 𝐴 = −1 2 −1 hence compute A-1. Also
1 −1 2
6 5 4 3 2
evaluate 𝐴 − 6𝐴 + 9𝐴 − 2𝐴 − 12𝐴 + 23𝐴 − 9𝐼
3 1 −1 9 −5 5
1
Ans: 𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 9𝐴 − 4𝐼 = 0; 𝐴−1 = 4 1 3 1 ; 5𝐴 − 𝐼 = −5 9 −5
−1 1 3 5 −5 9
2 1 1
19. Find the characteristic Equation of the matrix 𝐴 = 0 1 0 and compute A-1. Also find the
1 1 2
matrix represented by 𝐴8 − 5𝐴7 + 7𝐴6 − 3𝐴5 + 𝐴4 − 5𝐴3 + 8𝐴2 − 2𝐴 + 𝐼
2 −1 −1 8 5 5
1
Ans: 𝐴3 − 5𝐴2 + 7𝐴 − 3𝐼 = 0; 𝐴−1 = 3 0 3 0 ; 𝐴2 + 𝐴 + 𝐼 = 0 3 0
−1 −1 2 5 5 8
5 4 2 3 1
20. Express 2𝐴 − 3𝐴 + 𝐴 − 4𝐼 as linear polynomial in A where 𝐴 =
−1 2
Ans: 138A – 403I
−3 2
21. If 𝐴 = then Evaluate the expression 𝐴 + 5𝐼 + 2𝐴−1 Ans: 2I
−1 0
1 2 −2 3 0 0
22. Reduce the matrix 𝑃 = 1 2 1 to diagonal form Ans: 0 −1 0
−1 −1 0 0 0 1
23. The Eigen value of A are 2,3,1 then find the Eigen Value of 𝐴−1 + 𝐴2 . Ans: 9/2, 28/3, 2
10 5 + 𝑖 4
24. For what value of ‘x’ the Eigen Values of the give matrix A are real 𝑥 20 2
4 2 −10
Ans: 𝑥 = 5 − 𝑖
−5 −3 1 0
25. For the given Matrix 𝐴 = and 𝐼 = prove that 𝐴3 − 19𝐴 + 30𝐼 = 0
2 0 0 1

Dr. Sudhir Sharma 2024-25