First C++ Program
Hello World
C++ Syntax
Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with input and output
objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add functionality to C++ programs
Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects and variables from the
standard library.
Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we use it to make the code more readable.
Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is int main(). This is called a function.
Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.
Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with the insertion operator (<<)
to output/print text. In our example it will output "Hello World".
Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;
Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.
Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the main function.
Omitting namespace
Some C++ programs that runs without the standard namespace library. The using namespace
std line can be omitted and replaced with the std keyword, followed by the :: operator for some
objects:
Example
C++ Output (Print on Screen)
The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values/print text:
Note:
You can add as many cout objects as you want. However, note that it does not insert a new line
at the end of the output:
New Line:
To insert a new line, you can use the \n character:
Another way to insert a new line, is with the endl manipulator:
Display Variable Values
The cout object is used together with the << operator to display variables.
To combine both text and a variable, separate them with the << operator:
Example
Exercise
1. Create a variable named myNum, assign value 50 to it and display it on screen.
2. Display the sum of 5 + 10 using two variables x and y only.
3. Create a variable named z, assign the sum of values in x and y that are initialized before.
Display the result.
4. Create three variables of the same type i.e. float, using the comma-seperated list.
Calculate the sum of three initialized values and display the result.
