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 1. E-Commerce 1

2. Internet Security 5

3. Boolean Algebra 9

4. Functions in C++ 13

5. Built in Functions 19

6. Arrays 25

7. String Related Operations 31

8. String Related Operations 36

9. Working with Forms and Reports 39

10. Introduction to CoralDraw 33

11. Digital Drawing and Coloring in Photoshop 45

12. Color Corrections in Photoshop 48

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 1 E-Commerce

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) False
(v) True

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Computer vaccine
(ii) payment gateway
(iii) Chat
(iv) amazon
(v) Paytm

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) (d) Customer Satisfaction
(ii) (d) All of the above
(iii) (d) Product delivery by courier
(iv) (a) Software tool
(v) (c) By filling online forms

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 Answer the following Questions in detail:
1. 
The process of exchanging goods and services usually for
money, over the internet, using electronic equipment such as
computers is called e-commerce. The objective of e-commerce
is to drive profitable growth by expanding customer reach,
reducing cost and creating differentiated customer experiences.
2. The advantages of e-commerce over normal commerce are:
Using e-commerce, you can sell the product which can be
anything, as small as a needle or as big as a car or house online
without having a physical shop that need lot of investment.
You can attract a larger variety of masses using right publicity
and marketing skills.
It saves time and money.
3. Two applications that make use of e-commerce are:
• Amazon - Amazon is the largest player in e-commerce.
Almost every product is sold on its website, amazon.com.
Using the product filters provided on the website, you can
choose the products of your choice.
The product display shows you complete details and images
of the product.
• Railway reservation - Railway reservation is another online
transaction-based application.
You can login to your account by providing the correct login
credentials.
Once you login into your account, you can search for trains,
book tickets and view the current reservation status of any
train of your choice using your home computer.
4. A secured password is a strong password that helps to prevent
against cyber attacks like- hacking and cyber security breach.
A secure password should be of atleast 8-12 characters and
should not contain any personal information.

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 Two methods of securing the password are:
• U
 se a strong password. The password must include at least
one capital alphabet, one small-case alphabet, one number,
and one special character.
• If you have multiple accounts, then each account should
use a unique password.
5. Airbnb is an online transaction-based application that brings
together people who have properties to give on rent and
people who need rental properties, either for a short-term
or long-term. Interested people of either type can access the
airbnb.com website. In order to do so, they have to create a
login account with Airbnb. When the user creates an account,
it provides the facility to rent or hire the property.
For renting the property, When the user submit the details, the
authorities review them. They either approve the property or
reject it according to their guidelines. If the property is approved,
it becomes available on the website for people to rent.
For hiring the property, you create your account, you can login
and search the properties in any city of your choice. Once you
specify the city, it lists hundreds of properties with images,
descriptions, rates and reviews. You can select the properties
as per your choice and contact the owners of those properties
directly.

APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS

(i) 
Opening a physical shop or starting a website both have
their own advantages and disadvantages. However, given the
increasing trend of online shopping, starting a website can be
a better option for Anil. With an e-commerce website, he can
reach a wider audience and also save costs associated with rent
and other expenses that come with running a physical shop.
(ii) 
Opening an e-shop provides several advantages over a
physical shop. For instance, Anil can operate an e-shop from
anywhere without needing a physical location. Additionally,

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 he can reach customers beyond the geographic limitations of a
physical shop, offer a wider variety of products, and maintain
lower overhead costs compared to a physical store.
(iii) Anil can receive payments through various online payment
options like credit/debit cards, net banking, mobile wallets,
UPI, etc. He can integrate a secure payment gateway with his
e-commerce website that will allow his customers to pay for
their orders online.
(iv) Anil can either ship the products directly to the customers or
use third-party delivery services. He can partner with a reliable
delivery company or integrate a shipping service provider with
his e-commerce website to manage the delivery process. He
can also offer options like same-day delivery, next-day deliv-
ery, etc., depending on his customers’ preferences.
(v) Anil can advertise his e-shop through various online channels
like social media, search engine optimization, email market-
ing, influencer marketing, and paid advertising. He can cre-
ate social media pages, offer discounts and offers to attract
new customers, and optimize his website for search engines.
Additionally, he can collaborate with influencers and bloggers
to promote his products and reach a wider audience.

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 2 Internet Security

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Firewall
(ii) Social media platforms
(iii) Games and wallpapers
(iv) McAfee
(v) antivirus

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) (b) Padlock
(ii) (c) SSL
(iii) (c) Both (a) and (b)
(iv) (d) Loopholes
(v) (c) Both of the above
(vi) (c) Firewall
(vii) (b) Phishing

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 (viii) (b) Denial-of-service
(ix) (c) Both (a) and (b)

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. 
Phishing scams are created by cybercriminals. They allure
people by making false promises and then ask for sensitive
information like bank account numbers, credit card details,
Aadhar ID etc.
Malware is a short form of malicious software. Malware comes
in various forms, including computer viruses, worms, Trojans
and dishonest spyware.
Spam refers to unwanted messages or emails in your inbox.
Sometimes, spam can simply include junk mail that advertises
goods or services you are not interested in. These are usually
considered harmless, but some of them can include links that,
if opened, will install malicious software on your computer.
In chat spoofing, the person engages you in some lucrative
subject and acquires sensitive information during the conver-
sation. Using this information, he/she gains access to your per-
sonal resources and takes advantage of them.
2. Computer viruses, worms, Trojans, and dishonest spyware are
malware. They pose security threats. They can either create
functional problems or can steal private data, which could be
used by others for their own advantage.
3. Spam refers to unwanted messages or emails in your inbox.
Sometimes, spam can simply include junk mail that advertises
goods or services you are not interested in.
4. The antivirus safeguards the computer from threats. It prevents
that attacks of viruses worms and trojans. If somehow the
attack occurs then it recovers the system back to the
5. A firewall is a software is included with Windows. The firewall
monitors incoming and outgoing traffic on your computer. It
blocks or permits data packets based on set security rules.

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 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
1. Connect your computer to the internet and search for the latest
antivirus software.
Answer the following questions:
(i) 
List at least five latest antivirus software available in the
market.
• Bitdefender
• Norton
• Kaspersky
• Avast
• McAfee
(ii) Describe their best features.
• B
 itdefender - Advanced Threat Control continuously moni-
tors running processes and grades suspicious behaviours
such as attempts to: disguise the type of process, execute
code in another process’s space, replicate, drop files, hide
from process enumeration applications, etc.
• N
 orton - Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) analyzes infor-
mation arriving from a network (like the Internet) and helps
block potential online threats before they hit your computer.
• K
 aspersky - Antivirus scanner with real-time malware,
ransomware and spyware detection.
• A
 vast - Avast offers a wide range of tools beyond basic
antivirus protection, including password protection, data
shredder, webcam shield, sandbox and more.
• M
 cAfee - It provides Anti-phishing and anti-exploit browser
extensions and Identity theft protection.
(iii) Write the year in which they were made available for use as
well as their founder.
• Bitdefender - November 6, 2001 founded by Florin Talpes.
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 • Norton - September 1993 founded by Peter Norton.
• Kaspersky - 2006 developed by Kaspersky Lab.
• A
 vast - June 1st 2001 founded by Eduard Kucera and Pavel
Baudis.
• McAfee - 1987 founded by John McAfee.
2. Write one website that can generate a random strong password
for you.
The Last Pass password generator can generate a random strong
password for you.
3. Insert a pen drive into your computer system and perform the
following:
(i) From the internet, install an antivirus in your systems.
(ii) Install the antivirus on your computer now.
(iii) Scan the inserted pen drive for any viruses in your system.

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 3 Boolean Algebra

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) AND, OR and NOT gate.
(ii) AND gate takes two input and gives one output.
(iii) Single
(iv) NAND
(v) NOR

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) (c) NOR
(ii) (c) NOT
(iii) (b) NAND
(iv) (c) NOR
(v) (c) The original signal

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) Gates are fundamental building blocks of digital circuits that
perform logical operations on binary inputs to produce binary
outputs. They are electronic devices or circuits that manipulate
and control the flow of electrical signals. Gates are typically
implemented using transistors or other electronic components.
Three basic gates of a computer are the AND gate, OR gate,
and NOT gate.
(ii) A
 ND gate is a logic gate that produces a high output (1) only
when all of its inputs are high (1). Its truth table is as follows:
Input A Input B Output
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
(iii) OR gate is a logic gate that produces a high output (1) if any of
its inputs are high (1). Its truth table is as follows:
Input A Input B Output
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
(iv) N
 OT gate, also known as an inverter, is a logic gate that
produces the opposite of its input. It takes a single input and
negates it, producing a high output (1) when the input is low
(0), and vice versa. Its truth table is as follows:
Input Output
0 1
1 0

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 1 0
1 1
 AND gate is a combination of an AND gate followed by a
N
NOT gate. It produces a low output (0) only when all of its
inputs are high (1). Its truth table is as follows:
Input A Input B Output
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
(v) N
 OR gate is a combination of an OR gate followed by a NOT
gate. It produces a high output (1) only when all of its inputs
are low (0). Its truth table is as follows:
Input A Input B Output
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
(vi) T
 he symbol used for a NAND gate is an AND gate with a
small circle (inversion bubble) at the output. It represents the
negation of the AND gate’s output. (Refer chapter)
(vii) T
 he symbol used for an AND gate is a triangle shape with
inputs on the left side and an output on the right side. The
symbol used for an OR gate is a curved shape with inputs on
the left side and an output on the right side. (Refer Chapter)

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 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
1.

2. a b c
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

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 4 Functions in C++

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) True
(b) True
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Function
(ii) Prototype
(iii) 10
(iv) value
(v) 10

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) d
(ii) d
(iii) d
(iv) c
(v) d

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) A function can return only one value to the calling function.
(ii) Yes, a function can call another function. It is called a function
call or a nested function call.
(iii) The data type of a function is primarily governed by the type of
value it returns. The return type of the function determines the
data type.
(iv) Errors in the function prototypes:
(a) float average (a, b);
Error: The parameter types are missing. The correct
prototype should be:
float average (float a, float b);
(b) float average (int a, b);
Error: The parameter types are missing for both ‘a’ and ‘b’.
The correct prototype should be:
float average (int a, int b);
(c) void average (int a [], b = 10);
Error: The default value cannot be assigned directly in the
prototype. The correct prototype should be:
void average (int a [], int b);
(d) void average (int a[], int b, int s =10, int j);
Error: The parameter ‘j’ is missing its data type. The correct
prototype should be:
void average (int a [], int b, int s = 10, int j);
(e) float average (int, int, float = 3.12);
No errors in this prototype. It is acceptable.
(v) There are several issues with the given program:
(a) 
The header file <iomanip.h> is incorrect. The correct
header file for input/output manipulation in C++ is
<iomanip>.

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 (b) The max() function is defined after the main() function.
In C++, functions should be declared or defined before
they are used. To fix this, you can either move the max()
function definition above the main() function or add a
function prototype before the main() function.
(c) The main() function should have a return type of int, not
void.
(d) There is a semicolon after the if (x > y) statement inside the
max() function, which results in an empty statement. The
semicolon should be removed.

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
(a) #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to convert number to word
string convertToWord(int number) {
switch (number) {
case 1:
return “one”;
case 2:
return “two”;
case 3:
return “three”;
case 4:
return “four”;
case 5:
return “five”;
case 6:
return “six”;

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 case 7:
return “seven”;
case 8:
return “eight”;
case 9:
return “nine”;
case 10:
return “ten”;
default:
return “Invalid number”;
}
}
int main() {
int number;
cout << “Enter a number between 1 and 10: “;
cin >> number;
// Call the function to convert the number to word
string word = convertToWord(number);
cout << “The word form of “ << number << “ is “ << word <<
endl;
return 0;
}
(b) #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the square of a number
int calculateSquare(int number) {
return number * number;
}

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 // Function to calculate the cube of a number
int calculateCube(int number) {
return number * number * number;
}
int main() {
int number;
cout << “Enter a number: “;
cin >> number;
// Calculate the square using the calculateSquare function
int square = calculateSquare(number);
cout << “Square of “ << number << “ is: “ << square << endl;
// Calculate the cube using the calculateCube function
int cube = calculateCube(number);
cout << “Cube of “ << number << “ is: “ << cube << endl;
return 0;
}
(c) #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the sum of the series
int calculateSeriesSum(int n) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = n; i <= 2 * n; i++) {
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
int main() {
int n;
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 cout << “Enter a number: “;
cin >> n;
// Calculate the sum of the series using the calculateSeriesSum
function
int seriesSum = calculateSeriesSum(n);
cout << “Sum of the series is: “ << seriesSum << endl;
return 0;
}

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 5 Built in Functions

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) mathematical
(ii) ceil()
(iii) significant and exponent
(iv) fmod()
(v) alphabetic character

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) (b) ctype.h.
(ii) (a) #include<stdio.h>.
(iii) (c) pow().
(iv) (a) math.h.
(v) (a) math.h.

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) Examples of two built-in functions in C++:
sqrt(): This function is used to calculate the square root of a
given number. For example:
rand(): This function is used to generate a random number.
For example:
(ii) The isalpha() function is used to determine if a character is an
alphabetic character (a to z or A to Z). It returns a non-zero
value if the character is alphabetic, and zero otherwise.
The isalnum() function is used to determine if a character is an
alphabetic character or a digit. It returns a non-zero value if the
character is alphanumeric, and zero otherwise.
To write an equivalent C++ expression for z = (x)7 + (y)9,
(iii) 
you can use the pow() function from the <cmath> header to
calculate the power of a number. The pow() function takes
two arguments: the base and the exponent. The equivalent
expression in C++ would be:
(iv) To calculate the square and square root of a given number:
Square: You can use the pow() function from the <cmath>
header to calculate the square of a number. The pow() function
can be used with an exponent of 2. For example:
double squareResult = pow(number, 2); // calculates the square
of ‘number’
Square root: You can use the sqrt() function from the <cmath>
header to calculate the square root of a number. For example:
(v) There are several issues with the given program:
• T
 he header file <iostream.h> is incorrect. The correct
header file is <iostream>.
• (The header file <stdio.h> is unnecessary and can be
removed since it is not used in the program.
• T
 he main() function should have a return type of int, not
void.

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 • T
 he statement strlen(name) is missing a semicolon at the
end.
• T
 he variable name should be printed using cout instead of
cout << NAME.

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
(i) Following is the program:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double number;
while (true) {
std::cout << “Enter a real number (or enter 0 to terminate): “;
std::cin >> number;
if (number == 0) {
std::cout << “Terminating the program. Goodbye!”;
break;
}
int roundedNumber = std::round(number);
s td::cout << “Rounded number: “ << roundedNumber <<
std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
(ii) Following is the program:
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
int main() {
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 char ch;
std::cout << “Enter a character: “;
std::cin >> ch;
if (std::isdigit(ch)) {
std::cout << “The character is numeric.” << std::endl;
} else if (std::isalnum(ch)) {
std::cout << “The character is alphanumeric.” << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << “The character is neither numeric nor alphanu-
meric.” << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
(iii) 
Here’s a program in C++ that accepts real numbers from
the user, rounds them off to the nearest integer, and
continues to prompt the user for more numbers until they
decide to terminate the program:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double number;
while (true) {
std::cout << “Enter a real number (or enter 0 to terminate): “;
std::cin >> number;
if (number == 0) {
std::cout << “Terminating the program. Goodbye!”;
break;
}

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 int roundedNumber = static_cast<int>(std::round(number));
s td::cout << “Rounded number: “ << roundedNumber <<
std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
(iv) Here’s a program in C++ that reads a string from the user and
converts it to uppercase:
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
int main() {
std::string input;
std::cout << “Enter a string: “;
std::getline(std::cin, input);
for (char& c : input) {
c = std::toupper(c);
}
std::cout << “Uppercase string: “ << input << std::endl;
return 0;
}
(v) Here’s a program in C++ that generates the given series and
calculates its sum:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int n = 10; // Number of terms in the series
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
int term = i * 11;

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 std::cout << term;
sum += term;
if (i < n) {
std::cout << “ + “;
} else {
std::cout << “ = “ << sum << std::endl;
}
}
return 0;
}

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 6 Arrays

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d) False
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) integer
(ii) A[0].
(iii) A[9].
(iv) 10 rows and 5 columns.
(v) 300

3. Select the best possible answer for the following questions.

(i) b
(ii) d
(ii) 6a
(iv) 8b
(v) c

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) T
 he advantage of defining an array of 10 elements rather
than 10 individual variables is that it allows for more efficient
and organized storage of related data. It simplifies the code
structure and enables easier manipulation and access of the
elements using loops or indexing.
(ii) In the array float x[30], the first element will be x[0] and the
last element will be x[29]. Array indexing starts from 0, so the
index 0 corresponds to the first element, and the index 29
corresponds to the last element in the array.
(iii) To define an array for storing marks of students with decimal
values, such as 75.50, 79.0, etc., you can use the float or
double data type.
float marks[10]; // Array to store marks of 10 students
(iv) An array is a collection of elements of the same data type,
grouped together under a single name. It allows for efficient
storage and manipulation of multiple values. In C++, you can
create an array of 15 elements to store characters using the
following syntax:
char Array[15]; // Array of 15 elements to store characters
(v) The general syntax for the initialization of a one-dimensional
array is as follows:
 atatype arrayName[arraySize] = {element1, element2, ...,
d
elementN};

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
(a) H
 ere’s a program in C++ that accepts 10 numbers from the user
and prints the minimum of the 10 numbers.
#include <iostream>
int main() {
const int size = 10; // Number of elements

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 int numbers[size];
// Accept input from the user
std::cout << “Enter 10 numbers: “;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
std::cin >> numbers[i];
}
// Find the minimum number
int minimum = numbers[0];
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
if (numbers[i] < minimum) {
minimum = numbers[i];
}
}
// Print the minimum number
std::cout << “Minimum number: “ << minimum << std::endl;
return 0;
}
(b) Here’s a program in C++ that accepts 15 numbers from the
user and asks whether they should be sorted in ascending or
descending order. It then sorts the numbers accordingly and
displays the sorted list:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
int main() {
const int size = 15; // Number of elements
int numbers[size];
// Accept input from the user
std::cout << “Enter 15 numbers: “;

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 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
std::cin >> numbers[i];
}
// Ask user for sorting order
char choice;
std::cout << “Sort in ascending (A) or descending (D) order? “;
std::cin >> choice;
// Sort the numbers based on user’s choice
if (choice == ‘A’ || choice == ‘a’) {
std::sort(numbers, numbers + size); // Sort in ascending order
} else if (choice == ‘D’ || choice == ‘d’) {
std::sort(numbers, numbers + size, std::greater<int>()); // Sort in
descending order
} else {
std::cout << “Invalid choice. Exiting...” << std::endl;
return 0;
}
// Display the sorted list
std::cout << “Sorted list: “;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
std::cout << numbers[i] << “ “;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
(c) Here’s a program in C++ that accepts Physics, Chemistry, and
Math marks of 25 students and then calculates and prints the
total marks for each student. It also calculates and prints the
class percentage for Physics, Chemistry, and Math:
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 #include <iostream>
const int numStudents = 25;
// Function to calculate the total marks for a student
int calculateTotalMarks(int physicsMarks, int chemistryMarks,
int mathMarks) {
return physicsMarks + chemistryMarks + mathMarks;
}
int main() {
int physicsMarks[numStudents];
int chemistryMarks[numStudents];
int mathMarks[numStudents];
// Accept marks for each student
for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
std::cout << “Enter Physics, Chemistry, and Math marks for
student “ << i + 1 << “: “;

std::cin >> physicsMarks[i] >> chemistryMarks[i] >>
mathMarks[i];
}
// Calculate total marks for each student and class total
int studentTotal[numStudents] = {0};
int classPhysicsTotal = 0;
int classChemistryTotal = 0;
int classMathTotal = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
studentTotal[i] = calculateTotalMarks(physicsMarks[i],
chemistryMarks[i], mathMarks[i]);
std::cout << “Total marks for student “ << i + 1 << “: “ <<
studentTotal[i] << std::endl;
classPhysicsTotal += physicsMarks[i];

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 classChemistryTotal += chemistryMarks[i];
classMathTotal += mathMarks[i];
}
// Calculate class percentage for each subject
 ouble classPhysicsPercentage = (static_
d
cast<double>(classPhysicsTotal) / (numStudents * 100)) * 100;
 ouble classChemistryPercentage = (static_cast<double>(class
d
ChemistryTotal) / (numStudents * 100)) * 100;
 ouble classMathPercentage = (static_
d
cast<double>(classMathTotal) / (numStudents * 100)) * 100;
// Print class percentages
std::cout << “Class Percentage:” << std::endl;
std::cout << “Physics: “ << classPhysicsPercentage << “%” <<
std::endl;
std::cout << “Chemistry: “ << classChemistryPercentage <<
“%” << std::endl;
std::cout << “Math: “ << classMathPercentage << “%” <<
std::endl;
return 0;
}

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 String
7 Related Operations

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State true or False for the following statements.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) False
(e) True

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) null character (‘\0’).
(ii) strcpy()
(iii) strcpy(strg2, strg1);
(iv) strcmp()
(v) char name[26];

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) (b) \0.
(ii) (a) 9.
(iii) (b) Negative.
(iv) (c) gets().
(v) (d) putchar().

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) The basic relationship between array and string in C++ is that a
string is essentially a sequence of characters stored in an array.
In C++, strings are typically represented as character arrays,
where each element of the array holds a single character of the
string.
(ii) The basic difference between storing characters and strings in
an array is that characters are individual elements representing
single characters, whereas strings are sequences of characters
terminated by a null character (‘\0’).
(iii) T
 he null character (‘\0’) terminates a string in C++. It is used to
indicate the end of the string.
(iv) 
String-manipulating functions are functions in C++ that
are specifically designed to perform operations on strings.
Examples of such functions include:
strcpy(): Used to copy one string to another.
strlen(): Used to calculate the length of a string.
strcat(): Used to concatenate (combine) two strings.
(v) 
The function used for concatenating two strings in C++ is
strcat(). It appends the characters of the second string to the end
of the first string.
Write a program for the following problem.
(a) Following is the program:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string names[5];
int marks[5];
// Accept name and marks for each student
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
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 cout << “Enter the name of student “ << i+1 << “: “;
cin >> names[i];
cout << “Enter the marks of student “ << i+1 << “: “;
cin >> marks[i];
}
int highestMarks = marks[0];
int highestMarksIndex = 0;
// Find the index of the student with the highest marks
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
if (marks[i] > highestMarks) {
highestMarks = marks[i];
}

// Print the name of the student with the highest marks
cout << “The student with the highest marks is: “ <<
names[highestMarksIndex] << endl;
return 0;
}
(b) Following is the program:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string names[5];
int marks[5];
// Accept name and marks for each student
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << “Enter the name of student “ << i+1 << “: “;
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 cin >> names[i];
cout << “Enter the marks of student “ << i+1 << “: “;
cin >> marks[i];
}
int highestMarks = marks[0];
int highestMarksIndex = 0;
// Find the index of the student with the highest marks
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
if (marks[i] > highestMarks) {
highestMarks = marks[i];
highestMarksIndex = i;
}
}
// Print the name of the student with the highest marks
cout << “The student with the highest marks is: “ <<
names[highestMarksIndex] << endl;
return 0;
}
(c) Here is the program:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string names[10];
unordered_map<string, int> frequencyMap;
// Accept names from the user
cout << “Enter 10 names:\n”;

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 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
cout << “Name “ << i+1 << “: “;
cin >> names[i];
frequencyMap[names[i]]++;
}
bool duplicateFound = false;
int duplicateCount = 0;
// Display the duplicate names
cout << “\nDuplicate names found:\n”;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (frequencyMap[names[i]] > 1) {
cout << names[i] << endl;
duplicateCount++;
duplicateFound = true;
frequencyMap[names[i]] = 0; // Mark the name as already
displayed
}
}
// Display the count of duplicate names
if (duplicateFound) {
cout << “Total duplicate names found: “ << duplicateCount <<
endl;
} else {
cout << “No duplicate names found.” << endl;
}
return 0;
}

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 String
8 Related Operations

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Retrieving
(ii) CREATE TABLE FLOWER <Field details>
(iii) HAVING
(iv) SELECT
(v) AND, OR

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) c
(ii) d
(iii) b
(iv) d
(v) b

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 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. a. SQL- Structured Query Language
b. DDL- Data Definition Language
c. DML- Data Manipulation Language
2. CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE
3. SELECT * FROM COST
4. SELECT RATE, QTY FROM COST
5. SELECT * FROM COST WHERE RATE > 100

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
(i) SELECT ROLL, ENAME from EPM;
Output:
100 Ramesh
200 Anjan
300 Vivek
500 Vikas
600 Amar
700 Ragvan
(ii) S ELECT ROLL, ENAME, MARKS from EPM WHERE CITY=
‘Delhi’;
Output:
200 Anjan 400
300 Vivek 495
600 Amar 400
(iii) S ELECT ROLL, ENAME, MARKS from EPM WHERE CITY=
‘Delhi’ OR CITY= ‘Lucknow’;
Output:
100 Ramesh 450
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 200 Anjan 400
300 Vivek 495
500 Vikas 350
600 Amar 400
(iv) (a) SELECT ROLL, ENAME from EPM;
Output:
100 Ramesh
200 Anjan
300 Vivek
500 Vikas
600 Amar
700 Ragvan
(b) S ELECT ROLL, ENAME from EPM WHERE CITY= ‘Delhi’
OR CITY= ‘Lucknow’ OR CITY= ‘Mumbai’;
Output:
100 Ramesh
200 Anjan
300 Vivek
500 Vikas
600 Amar
700 Ragvan
(v) This query will not select any records as it contains contradic-
tory conditions. The query is looking for records where CITY is
equal to Delhi, Lucknow, and Mumbai at the same time, which
is not possible.
S ELECT ROLL, ENAME from EPM WHERE CITY= ‘Delhi’ AND
CITY= ‘Lucknow’ AND CITY= ‘Mumbai’;
Output:
No records will be selected.

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 Working with
9 Forms and Reports

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Form Wizard
(ii) Design View
(iii) Form Detail
(iv) Create
(v) Landscape, Portrait

3. Select the most suitable answer for the following questions.

(i) b
(ii) a
(iii) d
(iv) a
(v) b

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 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. 
Form is a screen that used to data entry and retrieval
operations.
2. Marksheet and Monthly Attendance application.
3. Perform the following steps to delete the record from the table:
a. Using the navigation buttons provided in the navigation
toolbar, reach the record that is to be deleted.
b. Click on the “Home” tab. On doing so, the “Home” tool-
bar with the “Delete” button will appear on the screen.
c. Click on the “Delete” button and select the “Delete Re-
cord” option from the list that appears on the screen there-
after.
On doing so, the current record will be deleted.
4. Perform the following steps to create the form in the design
view:
a. Open that database which contains the table for which
you have to create the form.
b. Select the “Create” tab. On doing so, the “Create toolbar”
will appear in the ribbon. Select the “Form Design” but-
ton from the Create toolbar. On doing so, the Form Design
window will appear on the screen.
c.  ow click on the “Add Existing Fields” button present in
N
the Create tool bar. On doing so, the “Fields” list box as
shown below will appear on the screen.
d.  ow click on the “Show all tables” link present in the Field
N
List pane. On doing so, the names of all the tables will get
listed, as shown here. If the field names do not show the
“–“ sign, you will see a “+” sign beside the table name.
Click on that. On doing so, all the field names will appear
as shown here.
e. To include any field in the form, drag it from the “Field
List” box and drop it in the Form Detail section of the de-

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 sign window. You can click on the border of the label to
change its height or width. You can change the text by
clicking inside the border. Similarly, you can click on the
text box and change its dimensions.
5. To print the report, perform the following steps:
a. Click on the File tab. On doing so, the Print option will be
displayed on the screen.
b. Select the Print option.
c. Set the properties as required and click on the OK button.
On doing so, the report will start printing on the printer.

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
(i) The advantage Ramesh gets over Rakesh is that he can quickly
create a form using the Form Wizard. The Form Wizard will
guide him through the steps of creating a form and he won’t
need to spend much time designing the form himself.
(ii) The advantage Rakesh gets over Ramesh is that he has com-
plete control over the design of the form. He can customize the
form to meet his specific needs and make changes easily.
(iii) Both Ramesh and Rakesh will be able to put a logo on the
form. Adding a logo is a design feature and can be done in both
Form Wizard and Form Design View.
(iv) Both Ramesh and Rakesh can make the background of the form
pink. Changing the background color is a design feature and
can be done in both Form Wizard and Form Design View.
(v) Ramesh will carry out fewer steps while saving the form be-
cause he is using the Form Wizard. The Form Wizard will au-
tomatically create the form and save it. Rakesh, on the other
hand, will need to design the form himself and then save it.

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 Introduction
10 to Photoshop

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) The Magic Wand.
(ii) Adobe
(iii) Cut, Paste
(iv) Crop
(v) Canvas

3. Select the best possible answer for the following questions.

(i) c
(ii) a
(iii) c
(iv) c
(v) b

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) Photoshop is a powerful software application used for image
editing, graphic design, and digital art. It provides a wide range
of tools and features for manipulating and enhancing images,
such as adjusting colors, retouching photos, removing back-
grounds, creating digital illustrations, and applying various
effects and filters.
(ii) In Photoshop, the canvas refers to the working area where
the image is displayed and edited. The canvas can be
larger or smaller than the actual image size. Yes, the canvas can
be bigger than the image size, allowing for additional space
for adding elements, making adjustments, or incorporating
backgrounds. To change the dimensions of the canvas area,
you can go to the “Image” menu, select “Canvas Size,” and
enter the desired width and height values.
(iii) The Marquee tool in Photoshop is used for making selections
of specific shapes, such as rectangular or elliptical areas. It
allows you to outline a specific part of an image by creating a
selection boundary. The selected area can then be modified,
edited, or applied with various adjustments or effects.
(iv) 
The Marquee tool and the Lasso tool in Photoshop have
different methods of selection. The Marquee tool is used for
making selections based on specific shapes, such as rectangles
or ellipses. It creates selections by dragging and defining the
boundaries. On the other hand, the Lasso tool is a freehand
selection tool that allows you to make selections by drawing
freehand around the desired area. This tool is more suitable for
selecting irregular shapes or objects.
(v) Three common uses of Photoshop software are:
Photo editing and retouching: Photoshop provides a wide
range of tools and features for enhancing and retouching
photographs. This includes adjusting colors, correcting
exposure, removing blemishes or unwanted objects, and
applying various effects to achieve desired results.

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 Graphic design: Photoshop is widely used in graphic design for
creating logos, posters, brochures, and other visual materials.
It offers tools for creating and manipulating shapes, adding text,
applying filters, and combining different elements to produce
visually appealing designs.
Digital art and illustration: Many artists and illustrators use

Photoshop as a digital canvas for creating artwork. The soft-
ware provides brushes, layers, and blending modes that allow
for the creation of digital paintings, illustrations, and complex
artistic compositions. It offers a range of tools to simulate tradi-
tional art techniques and provides flexibility for experimenta-
tion and creative expression.

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
This part of the assignment contains the instructions for the lab
session. Students are supposed to follow the instructions and complete
the assignment. They will get it evaluated by the teacher.

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 Digital Drawing and
11 Coloring in Photoshop

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Brush
(ii) Eraser l, X Background Eraser, and Magic
(iii) Eyedropper, Paint Bucket
(iv) CMYK
(v) 0 to 255
(vi) Blur

3. Select the best possible answer for the following questions.

(i) (c) Crop Tool
(ii) (b) Pencil
(iii) (b) Cloning
(iv) (c) Tool’s toolbar
(v) (d) Red Green Blue

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) The Brush tool in Photoshop is primarily used for painting,
drawing, and adding color to an image. It allows you to apply
brush strokes with different sizes, shapes, and hardness. You
can use various brush presets or customize the brush settings
according to your needs.
Opacity, in the context of the Brush tool, refers to the transpar-
ency or intensity of the brush stroke. It determines how opaque
or transparent the applied color will be. A lower opacity value
will result in a more transparent stroke, allowing the underlying
image or layers to show through, while a higher opacity value
will make the stroke more solid and opaque.
(ii) The Lasso tool in Photoshop is used for making selections of
irregular shapes or objects. It allows you to manually draw a
selection outline around the desired area by dragging the cur-
sor. The Lasso tool is useful when you need to select specific
parts of an image that cannot be easily captured by geometric
shapes or straight lines.
(iii) To make the color of the dress the same as that of the color of
the door in a picture, you can use various color adjustment
tools in Photoshop. One option is to use the Eyedropper tool to
sample the color from the door, then use the Brush tool to paint
over the dress with the sampled color. Alternatively, you can
use adjustment layers such as Hue/Saturation or Color Balance
to selectively change the color of the dress to match the color
of the door.
(iv) Two color models, other than the RGB model, are:
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black): CMYK is primarily
used in print and design industries. It represents colors by com-
bining different amounts of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
inks.
HSB/HSV (Hue, Saturation, Brightness/Value): HSB/HSV is a
color model that represents colors based on their hue (the color
itself), saturation (intensity or purity of the color), and bright-
ness/value (lightness or darkness of the color).
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 (v) To remove the image of the garbage that is spoiling the beauty
of the picture in Photoshop, you can use various techniques
such as:
Clone Stamp tool: Use the Clone Stamp tool to sample a clean
area of the image and then paint over the garbage to replace it
with the sampled area.
Healing Brush tool: Use the Healing Brush tool to brush over
the garbage, which will automatically sample and blend pixels
from the surrounding area to seamlessly remove the unwanted
object.

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
This part of the assignment contains the instructions for the lab
session. Students are supposed to follow the instructions and complete
the assignment. They will get it evaluated by the teacher.

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 Color Corrections
12 in Photoshop

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State True or False for the following statements.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Image, Adjustments (brightness and contrast option exist with-
in this option)
(ii) Color Balance
(iii) Type (or Text)
(iv) color swatch
(v) Gaussian Blur

3. 
Select the most appropriate answer for the following
questions.
(i) (b) 180
(ii) (b) White
(iii) (b) Noise
(iv) (a) Write text
(v) (c) Both of the above

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 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
(i) Color correction in Photoshop refers to the process of adjusting
and enhancing the colors of an image to achieve a desired look
or to correct any color issues. It involves modifying various
attributes such as hue, saturation, brightness, contrast, and
color balance to achieve a more accurate or desired color
representation in the image.
(ii) 
When you increase the brightness of a picture to a large
extent, the overall image will become much brighter. This can
lead to loss of details in the highlights, flattening of shadows,
and potential overexposure. Brightening an image excessively
can result in a loss of contrast and can make the image appear
washed out or lacking depth.
(iii) When you apply a filter to an image in Photoshop, the filter
modifies the appearance of the image based on specific param-
eters and effects associated with that particular filter. Filters can
be used to add artistic effects, adjust colors, blur or sharpen the
image, create distortions, or apply various textures or patterns.
The application of a filter can significantly alter the visual char-
acteristics of the image, giving it a different look or enhancing
specific aspects.
(iv) To change the font, font color, and font size of the text that you
have already written in the image, you can use the Text tool in
Photoshop. With the Text tool selected, you can click on the
existing text in the image to make edits. In the Options bar,
you can choose a different font from the font dropdown menu,
select a new font color using the color picker, and adjust the
font size using the font size dropdown menu or by manually
entering the desired size.
(v) 
In the context of an image in Photoshop, foreground and
background colors refer to the currently selected colors for
painting, drawing, or applying various tools and effects. The
foreground color is the color that is applied when you use
brushes, pencils, or other painting tools. The background color
is used in certain situations, such as filling or creating new

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 image areas. You can select and change the foreground and
background colors using the color picker or by clicking on the
color swatches in the toolbox or color panels.

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
This part of the assignment contains the instructions for the lab
session. Students are supposed to follow the instructions and complete
the assignment. They will get it evaluated by the teacher.

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