2023 Oct/Nov 12

Many factors contributed to the collapse of peace in the 1930s.

(a) Describe events in the Rhineland in March 1936. [4]

(b) Why was Hitler’s policy of ‘lebensraum’ a threat to peace? [6]

(c) ‘Britain and France were responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939.’ How far do you agree with
this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2022 Oct/Nov 11

Hitler’s policies increased the likelihood of war.

(a) Describe Hitler’s preparations for war before 1936. [4]

(b) Why was ‘lebensraum’ important for Hitler’s foreign policy? [6]

(c) ‘The Munich Agreement was more important in bringing about war than the Nazi–Soviet Pact.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2022 Oct/Nov 12

6 Hitler’s foreign policy created tension in Europe.

(a) What was Hitler’s policy of ‘lebensraum’? [4]

(b) Why did Stalin agree to the Nazi–Soviet Pact? [6]

(c) How far do you agree that Chamberlain’s attempts to appease Hitler were justified? Explain your
answer

2022 Oct/Nov 13

Tension between states increased in the 1930s.

(a) What did the Soviet Union gain from the Nazi–Soviet Pact? [4]

(b) Why was Japan a threat to world peace in the 1930s? [6]

(c) ‘The Anschluss was more important than the takeover of the Sudetenland in achieving Hitler’s
aims.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2022 May/June 11

Hitler’s policies brought war closer.

(a) Describe the events in February and March of 1938 that led to Anschluss. [4]

(b) Why was involvement in the Spanish Civil War of benefit to Hitler? [6]

(c) ‘Hitler agreed the Nazi-Soviet Pact to avoid war against the Soviet Union.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]
2022 May/June 13

In the 1930s there was increasing instability. (a) Describe the increasing militarism of Italy in the
1930s. [4] (b) Why was the Spanish Civil War important to Hitler? [6] (c) Which was more to blame
for war breaking out in September 1939, Germany or Britain? Explain your answer.

2022 Feb 12

A number of factors in the 1930s made war increasingly likely. (a) Describe the increasing militarism
of Japan in the 1930s. [4] (b) Why was the Treaty of Versailles important for Hitler’s foreign policy?
[6] (c) Is it surprising that Britain and France went to war over Poland, but not over Czechoslovakia?
Explain your answer. [10]

2021 Feb 12

Hitler was able to carry out much of his foreign policy unopposed. (a) What part did Germany’s
armed forces play in the Spanish Civil War? [4] (b) Why did Britain and France do little when
Germany remilitarised the Rhineland? [6] (c) Are you surprised that Chamberlain signed the Munich
Agreement of September 1938? Explain your answer. [10]

2021 May/June 11

Hitler’s foreign policy dominated Europe in the 1930s. (a) Describe the main aims of Hitler’s foreign
policy. [4] (b) Why was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland important to Hitler? [6] (c) How
surprising was the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact? Explain your answer. [10]

2021 May/June 12

Germany grew in strength during the 1930s. (a) Describe what happened in the Saar in 1935. [4] (b)
Why was Anschluss important to Hitler? [6] (c) Are you surprised that Britain and France declared
war on Germany in September 1939? Explain your answer. [10]

2021 May/June 13

Hitler’s foreign policy involved taking risks. (a) Describe the reactions of Britain and France to the
remilitarisation of the Rhineland in 1936. [4] (b) Why were the failures of the League of Nations in
the 1930s important to Hitler? [6] (c) Are you surprised that Germany invaded Poland in September
1939? Explain your answer. [10]

2021 Oct/Nov 11

The 1930s saw an increase in aggression from some states. (a) What did Hitler do to break the terms
of the Treaty of Versailles? [4] (b) Why did Britain adopt a policy of appeasement? [6] (c) ‘The
increase in aggression from some states in the 1930s was caused by economic factors.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]
2021 Oct/Nov 12

Hitler’s foreign policy involved Germany in the affairs of many countries. (a) What was the Anglo-
German Naval Agreement of 1935? [4] (b) Why did Hitler want to achieve Anschluss? [6] (c) ‘German
involvement in the Spanish Civil War was more important for Hitler than the takeover of
Czechoslovakia.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2021 Oct/Nov 13

Hitler’s actions increased international tensions in the 1930s. (a) Describe Hitler’s takeover of Austria
in 1938. [4] (b) Why did Hitler remilitarise the Rhineland in 1936? [6] (c) ‘Appeasement was a
sensible policy.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2020 May/June 11

Little stood in the way of Hitler’s aggressive foreign policy. (a) Describe the takeover of
Czechoslovakia in 1938–39. [4] (b) Why did Britain react differently to Germany’s aggression towards
Czechoslovakia and Poland? [6] (c) ‘The Nazi–Soviet Pact was the reason why Hitler invaded Poland.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2020 May/June 12

A number of factors helped Hitler achieve his foreign policy objectives. (a) What was the Nazi-Soviet
Pact? [4] (b) Why was Mussolini’s support over Anschluss important to Hitler? [6] (c) ‘The Munich
Agreement made war more, not less, likely.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your
answer. [10]

2020 May/June 13

As time passed, Hitler’s intentions became clearer. (a) What was agreed at Munich in 1938? [4] (b)
Why was German and Italian involvement in the Spanish Civil War important? [6] (c) ‘The only thing
wrong with the policy of appeasement was that Britain and France persisted with it for too long.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2020 Oct/Nov 11

Many factors contributed to the outbreak of war in 1939. (a) What was the Anti-Comintern Pact? [4]
(b) Why did British-French guarantees to Poland fail to prevent war in 1939? [6] (c) ‘Britain and
France had no choice but to allow Hitler’s remilitarisation of the Rhineland.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2020 Oct/Nov 12

Hitler’s foreign policy involved Germany in developments in Europe. (a) Describe Germany’s
involvement in the Spanish Civil War. [4] (b) Why was taking control of Czechoslovakia important to
Hitler? [6] (c) How surprising was it that Britain and France pursued a policy of appeasement? Explain
your answer. [10]