THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES
ST. AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, WEST INDIES
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
BSc. in Electrical & Computer Engineering
ECNG 1012
Engineering Science and Technology
DESIGN PROJECT REPORT
Residential Wiring Project
Stephen Ramkhalawan
816036601
Group H
Course Lecturer: Dr Jeevan Persad
Date Submitted: April 19, 2024
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iii
Table of Contents
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................iv
List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................iv
1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 5
2 Lighting Design ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Lumen Method ............................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Sample calculation ....................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Calculations done for all rooms ................................................................................... 9
2.4 Lighting diagram ....................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Justification for lighting design ................................................................................. 11
3 Power ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.1 AC selection .............................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Receptacle outlets ...................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Sample calculation ..................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Receptacles for all rooms .......................................................................................... 14
4 Load Detail ........................................................................................................................ 15
4.1 Size of main breaker .................................................................................................. 15
5 Cable Sizing....................................................................................................................... 17
5.1 Selection of main panel ............................................................................................. 17
5.2 Subcircuit Conductor ................................................................................................. 17
6 Bill of quantities ................................................................................................................ 18
7 References ......................................................................................................................... 19
iv
List of Figures
Table 1: Comparison of bulb specifications ................................................................................ 6
Table 2 Lumen Method calculations done for all rooms ............................................................ 9
Table 3 Minimum receptacles for each room ............................................................................ 13
Table 4 Receptacles used in each room ..................................................................................... 14
Table 5 Load details .................................................................................................................. 15
Table 6 Bill of quantities ........................................................................................................... 18
List of Tables
Figure 1: Lighting Diagram ....................................................................................................... 10
1 Executive Summary
Your company has been commissioned by an engineering consultancy firm to construct a
simple one-story, two-bedroom house with basic amenities. The floor plan for the house is
provided in the Individual Design Project section of the ECNG 1006 Course Shell.
As the in-house electrical engineer for your company, you are tasked with designing the
electrical system for the house. Your design must accommodate the following requirements:
1) air conditioning for the bedrooms, 2) a washer and dryer in the laundry room, 3) an electric
range in the kitchen, and 4) other standard household appliances in various rooms.
You are expected to produce the following deliverables:
- Lighting diagram
- Power layout diagram
- Panel layout diagram
- Load details for T&TEC
- Cable schedule
- Single Line Diagram
- Bill of Quantities
The lighting fixtures were designed using various specification sheets to select the best bulb
for each room. The lumen method was then used to determine the number of fixtures needed
per room, following the IES foot-candle recommendations for brightness levels.
Next, the power system design was completed according to the TTS 171:Part A:2015 Wiring
Code, with reference to Annex C and D for cable size guidelines, and using NFPA 70 2011 for
diversity factors of appliances.
The panel layout diagram was created to display the main breaker panel for the building's
rooms, and a single line diagram was generated to illustrate the building's electrical system
wiring.
Finally, a bill of quantities was prepared to estimate the total cost of the design.
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2 Lighting Design
Table 1: Comparison of bulb specifications
Lamo Lumen Color
Bulb Output Power Color
Current Power/W Maintenance Rendering
Type Lumens Factor Temperature/K
Factor Index
Eco
1380 320mA 23 0.5 6500 0.7 77
Twister
DuraMax
235 25A 25 1 2700 - -
oft white
Master
TL-D 1225 0.380A 15.7 0.95 6500 0.97 85
eco
Bright
LED 2175 180mA 20 0.7 5000 0.8 90
lamp
LED
800 130mA 8.5 0.5 2700 0.7 80
lamp
2.1 Lumen Method
To determine the required number of light fixtures for each room, the lumen method was
employed. The necessary footcandle levels for each room were derived from the International
Engineering Society (IES) foot-candle recommendations sheet. It is important to note that this
sheet is intended for commercial and industrial designs, and the values were adjusted to suit
the requirements of a residential home. Due to the footcandle ranges, most areas will have
values that are too high for a small residential home.
The foot-candle method involves the following assumptions:
• The room must be rectangular in shape
• The room must have with a length-to-width ratio of 16:1 up to a maximum of 4:1
• The room should be empty
• The room must have a uniform distribution of luminous flux over all areas
• The room must have a regular luminaire configuration throughout.
Additionally, in the case of a fluorescent lamp, the luminaire axis-room size relationship must
be considered.
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The formula used for the lumen method is:
E = (F*n* NUF*MF) / A
Where:
F = initial bare luminous Flux(lumens)
n = number of lamps per luminaire
N = number of luminaires
UF = utilization factor
MF = maintenance factor
A = area of the surface (m²)
Therefore:
𝐸∗𝐴
N = 𝐹∗𝑛∗𝑈𝐹∗𝑀𝐹
As the room is generally tidy, a maintenance factor of 0.8 was selected for all rooms. To
determine the utilization factor, a table of utilization factors for a circular luminaire was used.
Reflectance values of 0.5 for walls, 0.8 for ceilings, and 0.3 for floors were chosen. The room
index was then utilized to approximate the utilization factor for each room. The room index is
calculated as follows:
𝐿𝑊
Room Index: k =(𝐿+𝑊)(ℎ𝑚)
Where L and W are the length and width of the room respectively. hm. The value of . hm was
chosen to be 6ft(1.83m)
2.2 Sample calculation
Bedroom 1 was selected for this calculation. According to the IES Foot-candle sheet, a hotel
bedroom should have a foot-candle value ranging from 20 to 50fc. The dimensions of the
bedroom are 11.333 square meters. The utilization factor was estimated to be 0.42 based on
the Utilization factor table. Each luminaire has one lamp, and the bulb's LLMF, as indicated in
the spec sheet, is 0.7. The room index was calculated as follows:
11.333
k =(3.607+3.142)(1.83) = 0.9
The Bright LED lamp was used and from the specification sheet we can see that it has an
initial bare luminous flux of 2175. Number of luminaries was then calculated:
322.8∗11.333
N = 2175∗1∗0.42∗0.7 = 5.7 = 6
7
To calculate total current drawn from bulbs:
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Current = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
Apparent power is calculated by:
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Apparent power = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Therefore to find current drawn for 1 bright LED lamp which has a power of 20W and a
power factor of 0.7:
20
Apparent power = 0.7 = 28.57𝑉𝐴
28.57
Current = = 0.248𝐴
115
As stated in (TTS 171 Part 1: Annex C 2015, 41), for lighting circuits a maximum of 12 lights
can be placed on a 15A breaker and the maximum load current must not exceed 80% of the
overcurrent protection.
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2.3 Calculations done for all rooms
Table 2 Lumen Method calculations done for all rooms
Total Type Net
Foot Number Breaker
Circuit Room Area/m2 Luminous of Load
Candles of bulbs Name
Flux Bulb Current
Bright
1 Kitchen 75 7.972 9 1957 LED 2.232 MP1
lamp
Bright
Dining
2 15 7.789 2 4350 LED 0.496 MP2
area
lamp
Bright
Living
3 20 14.563 6 13050 LED 1.488 MP3
area
lamp
Bright
Washing
4 35 15.391 11 23925 LED 2.728 MP4
area
lamp
Bright
5 Bathroom 35 11.077 8 17400 LED 1.984 MP5
lamp
LED
6 Corridor 15 1.143 1 800 0.148 MP6
lamp
Bright
Bedroom
7 30 11.333 6 13050 LED 1.488 MP7
1
lamp
Bright
Bedroom
8 30 15.371 9 19575 LED 2.232 MP8
2
lamp
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2.4 Lighting diagram
Figure 1: Lighting Diagram
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2.5 Justification for lighting design
1. Referring to (TTS 171 Part 1: Annex C 2015, 41), the cable cross-section mm² is 1.5,
therefore all wiring for the lights was 1.5 mm².
2. Referring to (TTS 171 Part 1: Annex C 2015, 41), the 15A breaker for the lights can have a
maximum of 12 outlets.
3. Referring to (TTS 171 Part 1: Annex C 2015, 41), a 15A breaker needs to be used for
lighting.
4. Referring to (TTS 171 Part 1: Annex C 2015, 41), for calculation purposes, full load current
shall not exceed 80% of the overcurrent protection; therefore, the full load current never
exceeds 12A.
5. Referring to (TTS 171 Part 1: Annex C 2015, 41), the ground wire must be more than half
the cross-sectional area of the current-carrying conductor, subject to a minimum of 2.5mm² to
a maximum of 10mm².
6. Referring to (TTS 171 Part 1 pg.26), all panel boards must be installed not less than 1.8m
from the closest edge of any sink or water tap and cannot be installed in any washrooms,
bathrooms, or toilets.
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3 Power
3.1 AC selection
For bedroom 1:
The bedroom area is 122.28 square feet. According to the cooling capacity chart provided by
Energy Star, this area falls within the 100-150 square feet range, resulting in a capacity
requirement of 5000 BTUs per hour. As per the client's request, the room has no windows and
is expected to accommodate one person. A 5000 BTU air conditioner with a power rating of
420W, as specified in the sheet, was selected for this purpose.
For apparent power:
420
Apparent power = = 525𝑉𝐴
0.8
For load current:
525
Current = 115 = 4.56𝐴
For bedroom :
The bedroom area is 165.67 square feet. According to the cooling capacity chart provided by
Energy Star, this area falls within the 150-250 square feet range, resulting in a capacity
requirement of 6000 BTUs per hour. As per the client's request, the room has no windows and
is expected to accommodate one person. A 000 BTU air conditioner with a power rating of
420W, as specified in the sheet, was selected for this purpose.
For apparent power:
540
Apparent power = = 675𝑉𝐴
0.8
For load current:
675
Current = 115 = 5.86𝐴
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3.2 Receptacle outlets
Per the TTS 171 Part, 41, receptacles must be installed in all rooms except the bathroom and
should be placed 12 feet apart along the floor line. Furthermore, each receptacle must be
mounted at a height of more than 30mm above the finished floor. The standard specifies that
receptacles should not be more than 12 feet apart. Thus, the minimum number of receptacles
for bedroom 1 can be calculated as follows:
Minimum number of receptacles = total wall length / 12ft
Table 3 Minimum receptacles for each room
Room Wall length/ft Minimum number of
receptacles
Kitchen 26.33 3
Dining area 10.83 1
Living area 25.83 3
Washng area 48.33 5
Bedroom 1 41 4
Bedroom 2 48.33 5
Corridor 7.33 1
Bathroom 8.5 1
3.3 Sample calculation
Sample calculation for the kitchen:
Electric range 3500W:
3500
Apparent power = = 3888.888𝑉𝐴
0.9
3888.888
Current = = 16.91𝐴
230
Fridge 725W:
725
Apparent power = = 906.25𝑉𝐴
0.8
13
906.25
Current = 115 = 7.88𝐴
Microwave 750W:
750
Apparent power = = 937.5𝑉𝐴
0.8
937.5
Current = = 8.15𝐴
115
3.4 Receptacles for all rooms
Table 4 Receptacles used in each room
Room Appliance Apparent Current Receptacle Amount Operating Breaker
power/W load/A type Voltage
Bedroom AC 494.1176 4.29 115V:15A 2 115 MP8
1 Duplex
TV 1 1.47 115 MP9
Bedroom AC 494.12 4.29 115V:15A 2 115 MP10
2
TV 1 1.47 115 MP11
Kitchen Range 3888.888 16.91 230V:50a 230 MP12,13
Fridge 906.25 7.88 (GFCI) 2 115 MP14
115V:15A
Duplex
Microwave 937.5 815 115 MP15
Bathroom Shower 3333.3 14.49 230V:30A 1,1 230 MP16,17
head 115V:15A MP18
(GFCI)
Washing Washing 500 2.17 115V:20A 1 115 MP19
room machine
Dryer 4117.64 17.9 230V:30A 1 230 MP20,21
Living Tv 1 1.47 115V:15A 1 115 MP22
area
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4 Load Detail
Table 5 Load details
Total Net apparent
Total real Diversity
Appliance Quantity apparent with
power factor
power diversity
Bright LED 51 1020 1457.07 1 1457.07
LED lamp 1 8.5 17 1 17
Range 1 3500 4375 0.8 3500
Fridge 1 725 906.25 1 906.25
Microwave 1 750 882.35 1 882.35
TV 3 225 225 1 225
5000BTU
1 420 525 1 525
AC
6000BTU
1 540 675 1 675
AC
receptacles 11 - 18975 0.75 14231.25
Total load without diversity = 28037.67 VA
Total load with diversity = 22418.92 VA
4.1 Size of main breaker
Firstly net load current must be found:
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22418.92
Net load current = = 97.47
230
The load current cannot exceed 80% of the overcurrent protection therefore
Minimum main breaker size = 97.47*1.12 = 121.83A
A standard size 125A main breaker was chosen.
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5 Cable Sizing
5.1 Selection of main panel
According to TTS171 Annex D (pg.61) - Table D.1B (Column 1), the cable chosen for the
main panel is BS 5467:1997 Electrical cables - Thermosetting Insulated armored cables for
voltages of 600/1000V and 1900/330V. This cable has a conductor operating temperature of
90 degrees, which is suitable for its intended use. The 4E4 (multi-core, copper conductor) was
selected based on the Applicable Current rating tables.
5.2 Subcircuit Conductor
The cables were sourced from TTS171 Annex D (pg.61) - Table D.1B (Column 1)
Specification number BS:6004:2012 Electrical cables - PVC insulated, non-armored cables for
voltages up to and including 450/750V for electrical power, lighting, and internal wiring
(fixed installation). The single-core (4D1) cable was chosen.
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6 Bill of quantities
Table 6 Bill of quantities
Category Item description Quantity
15A
13
20A
1
Circuit breaker 30A
2
50A
1
Led lamp 1
Lighting Fixture
Bright LED 51
115V 15A 13
230V 20A 1
Receptacles
230V 30A 2
230V 50A 1
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7 References
1. "Trinidad and Tobago Electrical Wiring Code; Part 1, Low Voltage Installations. 1st
Revision." Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, 2015.
2. "Wire Connectors." Electrical 101. Accessed April 20, 2020.
http://www.electrical101.com/wire-connectors.html.
3. "NEC: 2011." National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 2010.
4. Hui, Sam. "Lighting Calculations." Lecture, Sep 2017.
5. "Chill Out and Save." Energy Star. Accessed April 20, 2020.
https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/air_conditioning_room.
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