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11 views1 page

Detailed Topic 4

Uploaded by

Mohamed kottb
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Biology Topic: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy into

chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is used as food by the organism.

The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2.

**Stages of Photosynthesis**:

1. **Light-dependent Reactions**: Occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts where light energy is

used to produce ATP and NADPH.

2. **Calvin Cycle (Light-independent Reactions)**: Occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, where ATP and

NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to convert CO2 into glucose.

**Importance of Photosynthesis**:

- Photosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth, providing the oxygen we breathe and forming the base

of the food chain.

- The glucose produced is also used by plants for growth and development.

Without photosynthesis, the Earth's ecosystem would collapse due to the lack of energy and oxygen.

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