Important Questions in Physics

Electrostatics-
1. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the axial position of
an electric dipole.
2. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial
position of an electric dipole.
3. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor. Show that
whenever two conductors share charges by bringing them into electrical
contact, there is a loss of energy.
4. Derive an expression for the effective capacitance when capacitors are
connected in (a) series and (b) parallel
5. Explain the principle of a capacitor and derive an expression for the
capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
6. State Gauss theorem and apply it to find the electric field at a point due to
(a) a line of charge (b) A plane sheet of charge (c) A Charged spherical
conducting shell
7. State Coulomb's law and express it in vector form. Derive it using Gauss
theorem.
8. Derive an expression for the torque on an electric dipole in a uniform
electric field.
9. Derive an expression for the work done in rotating an electric dipole in a
uniform electric field
10. Derive an expression for the energy stored (Potential Energy) in a dipole in
a uniform electric field.
11. Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential energy of a system of
point charges
12. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with
(a) a dielectric slab (b) a metallic plate in between the plates of the
capacitor.
13. Define electric potential at a point. Derive an expression for the electric
potential at a point due to (a) a point charge (b) a system of point charges
(c) a dipole.
14. Show that the work done in an electric field is independent of path.
15. What are dielectrics? Distinguish polar and nonpolar dielectrics. Define the
term Polarization vector.

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Current Electricity-
1. Define drift velocity and derive an expression for it.

2. Derive the expression I = nAevd

3. Deduce Ohm's law from elementary ideas and hence write an expression for
resistance and resistivity.
4. Derive an expression for conductivity in terms of mobility
5. Derive an expression for the current in a circuit with external resistance R
when (a) n identical cells of emf E and internal resistance r are connected in
series (b) m identical cells are connected in parallel
6. State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws.
7. State and explain the principle of Wheat Stone's principle. Deduce it using
Kirchhoff’s laws.
8. Describe how you will determine the resistance of a given wire using Meter
Bridge.
9. Explain the variation of resistance and resistivity with temperature and
hence define temperature coefficient of resistance and resistivity.

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 Magnetic Effect of Current
1. State Biot- Savart law and apply it to find the magnetic field due to a circular
loop carrying current at a point (a) at its centre (b) on the axis
2. State Ampere's circuital law and apply it to find the magnetic field (a) inside
a current carrying solenoid (b) inside a current carrying toroid
3. Apply Ampere's circuital law to determine the magnetic field at a point due
to a long straight current carrying conductor.
4. Derive an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor in a
uniform magnetic field
5. Derive an expression for the force between long straight conductors carrying
current and hence define 1 ampere.
6. Derive an expression for the torque on a current carrying loop in a uniform
magnetic field.
7. Describe the principle construction and working of a Moving coil
galvanometer.
8. Describe the conversion of a moving coil galvanometer into (a) Ammeter (b)
Voltmeter
9. What is radial magnetic field? What is its importance in a moving coil
galvanometer? How is a radial magnetic field realized in moving coil
galvanometers?
10.Describe the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field when it enters
the field (a) perpendicular to the field lines (b) obliquely making and angle Θ
with the field lines
11.Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving
electron and hence define Bohr magneton.
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 Electromagnetic Induction (EMI)-
1. State and Explain Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.()
2. State Lenz' Law and show that it is in accordance with the law of
conservation of energy.
3. Use Lenz' law to find the direction of induced emf in a coil when (a) a north
pole is brought towards the coil (b) north pole taken away from the coil (c) A
south pole is brought towards the coil and (d) a south pole is taken away
from the coil, Draw illustrations in each case.
4. What is motional emf. Deduce an expression for it. State Fleming's right
hand rule to find the direction of induced emf.
6. Which physical quantity is called the INERTIA OF ELECTRICITY? Why is
its called so?
7. Define self induction and self inductance. What is its unit? Write its
dimensions.
8. Derive an expression for the self inductance of a long solenoid.
9.Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction and define mutual inductance.
Write the unit and dimensions of mutual inductance.
10.What are the factors affecting mutual inductance of a pair of coils? Define
coefficient of coupling.
11.Describe the various methods of producing induced emf. Derive an
expression for the instantaneous emf induced in a coil rotated in a magnetic
field.

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 Alternative Current-
1. Describe the principle construction and working of an AC generator. Draw
neat labeled diagram
2. Define mean value of AC(over a half cycle) and derive an expression for it.
3. Define RMS value of AC and derive an expression for it.
4. Show that the average value of AC over a complete cycle is zero.
5. Show that the current and voltage are in phase in an ac circuit containing
resistance only.
6. Deduce the phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit
containing inductor only.
7. Deduce the phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit
containing capacitor only.
8. Draw the phasor diagram showing voltage and current in LCR series circuit
and derive an expression for the impedance
9. What do you mean by resonance in Series LCR circuit? Derive an expression
for the frequency of resonance in LCR circuit.
10.Distinguish between resistance, reactance and impedance.
11.Define quality factor (Q factor) of resonance and derive an expression for it.
12.Derive an expression for the average power in an ac circuit.
13.Define power factor. Deduce expression for it and explain wattless current?
14.Describe the principle construction theory and working of a transformer.
15.Describe the various losses in a transformer and explain how the losses can
be minimized.
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 Ray-Optics-
1. Derive mirror formula for a concave mirror and convex mirror.
2. Derive an expression for lateral shift and normal shift. On what factors these
depend.
3. Define TIR and write the conditions for TIR. Derive a relation between
critical angle and the refractive index of the medium. Also explain the
working of isosceles prism and optical fiber.
4. Derive the following relation for a real image formed by a convex refracting
surface when the object is placed in rarer medium. Also write the
assumptions and sign convention used.

5. Derive the lens maker’s formula. Also write the assumptions and sign
convention used.
6. Derive the lens formula for convex lens and concave lens.
7. Derive the relation for equivalent focal length or power when two thin lenses
are placed in contact to each other. In which condition the lens combination
will act as a plane glass sheet.
8. Derive the following relations for a prism-

Where the symbols have their usual meanings.

9.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in refracting type
astronomical telescope in the near point adjustment (when image is formed
at LDDV i.e. D=25cm). Derive an expression for its magnifying power. Why
the diameter of objective of telescope should be large.
10.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in refracting type
astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment (when image is formed at
infinity). Derive an expression for its magnifying power. How does the
 magnifying power get affected on increasing the aperture of the objective
lens and why?
11.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation a compound microscope.
Explain briefly the working. Derive an expression for its magnifying power.
Why the diameter of objective of microscope should be small.
12.Draw a labeled diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State two advantages
of this telescope over refracting type telescope.
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Electromagnetic Waves-
1. Explain the inadequacy of Ampere's circuital law
2. Describe Hertz experiment to demonstrate the production of electromagnetic
waves
3. Write the properties of electromagnetic waves.
4. Write any five electromagnetic waves in the order of decreasing frequency
and write any two properties and uses of each
5. Compare the properties of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves
6. What is displacement current . deduce an expression of it.
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Dual Nature of Radiation-

1. Describe the experiment to study photoelectric effect and explain the laws of
photoelectric effect and the significance of each.
2. Describe Hertz and Lenard’s experiment to demonstrate photoelectric effect.
3. Explain Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain the laws of
photoelectric effect using it.
4. State and explain de Broglie relation for matter waves.
5. Write the characteristics of Photon.
6. Find the wavelength of a matter wave associated with moving electron.
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 Semiconductor Devices-
1. Distinguish between conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the basis
of energy bands.
2. What are extrinsic semiconductors? Mention its types and explain the
mechanism of conduction in each.
3. Explain the conduction in N Type and P Type semiconductor on the basis of
band theory.
4. Explain the formation of depletion layer and potential barrier in a PN
junction diode.
5. Draw the circuit diagram used to determine the VI characteristics of a diode
and draw the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a diode. Explain the
conclusions drawn from the graph.
6. With the help of a labeled circuit diagram explain the working of half wave
rectifier and draw the input and output waveforms.
7. With the help of a labeled circuit diagram explain the working of full wave
rectifier and draw the input and output waveforms.
8. Write notes on LED, photodiode and solar cell.
9. What is a Zener diode? Draw the VI characteristics of zener diode. Explain
Zener breakdown and describe the use of a zener diode as a voltage regulator.

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