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Chapter 1
Electric charges and field
1. State and explain the basic properties of charge
2. State Coulomb's law and it's vector form
3. Define relative permeability. Give its unit.
4. Properties of electric lines of force
5. Define electric field strength. Give its unit and dimension.
6. Electric field due to a point charge
7. Define electric dipole.
8. What is electric dipole moment? Give its unit and direction.
9. Electric field at any point in axial line due to an electric dipole
10. Electric field at any point in equatorial line due to an electric dipole
11. Torque acting on a dipole in an uniform electric field
12. Diagrams of electric lines of force for (i)point charge (ii)dipole (iii)plane sheet
(iv)similar charge (v) dissimilar charge.
13. Define electric flux . Give its unit.
14. State and prove Gauss's law.
15. Electric field due to an infinitely long charged wire
16. Electric field due to an infinite plane sheet
17. Electric field due to a thin spherical shell
18. Electric field due to two parallel oppositely charged plane sheets
19. Deduce Coulomb's law from Gauss's law.
20. Torque acting on a dipole in non uniform electric field ( only expression)

Chapter- 2
Electric potential and capacitance

1. Define electric potential and potential difference with unit.

2. Derive an expression for electric potential at any point due to a point
3. Derive an expression for electric potential at any point due to an electric dipole. Also
write the expression for potential at axial line and equatorial line.
4. Define electrostatic potential energy. Give its unit.
5. Derive an expression for potential energy for a system of point charges.
6. Derive an expression for potential energy due to an external electric field.
7. Derive an expression for potential energy due to an electric dipole. Also write the
special cases.
8. Equipotential surface and its properties.
9. Define capacitance. Give its unit. Also its practical unit.
10. Name the factors which depends on capacitance.
11. State the principle of capacitors.
12. Derive the expression for equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in series and
capacitors connected in parallel.
13. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
14. What do you mean by dielectric medium?

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15. Write the differences between polar and nonpolar molecule.

16. Define dielectric polarization.
17. How the electric field will get reduced when a dielectric medium is placed in between
the capacitor?
18. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when a dielectric
medium is placed in between the plates of a capacitor.
19. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when a conducting
medium is placed in between the plates of the capacitor.
20. Write the expression for energy stored in a capacitor.

Chapter 3
Current electricity

1. Define current. Give its SI unit and also state whether it is scalar or a vector quantity.
2. State Ohm's law.
3. Define resistance. Give its SI unit. State the factors on which it depends.
4. Difference between ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. ( include the graph) .
5. Give the limitations of non-ohmic conductors.
6. Define and write the expression for the following with unit. a)Drift velocity b)
relaxation time c) mobility d) resistivity e)conductance and f) current density
7. Explain the mechanism of current flowing through the conductor (derive the
expression for drift velocity).
8. Derive the relation between current current and drift velocity.
9. Deduce Ohm's law using I=nAevd.
10. Deduce vector form of ohm's law.
11. Define temperature coefficient of resistance with unit.
12. Why alloys are used for making the standard resistors?
13. Explain the variation of resistance with temperature using graph for conductors alloys
and insulators.
14. Explain the variation of resistivity with temperature using graph and formula for
conductors, alloys, semiconductors and insulators.
15. Draw the graph between conductivity and temperature for conductors, alloys and
semiconductors.
16. Write the differences between EMF and terminal voltage of a cell.
17. Define internal resistance of a cell. Give its unit. Also state the factors which depends
on.
18. Derive the relation between EMF terminal voltage and internal resistance of a cell.
19. Derive the expression for equivalent EMF and equivalent internal resistance of a cell
when it is combined a)in series and b) in parallel.
20. Define electrical power and electrical energy with expression and unit.
21. State heating effect of current.
22. State Joule's law of heating.
23. State Kirchoff's laws and write its mathematical form.
24. Derive the condition for wheatstone network also write its application.

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Chapter 4
Moving charges and Magnetism
1. State magnetic effect of current.
2. Define magnetic field strength and give its unit.
3. State and prove Biot savart law.
4. State Right Hand Thumb Rule.
5. Derive the expression for magnetic field at the centre of the circular loop carrying
current.
6. Derive the expression for magnetic field at the axis of the circular loop carrying
current.
7. Write the expression for magnetic field inside the solenoid and also draw the diagram
of magnetic lines of force inside the solenoid.
8. State and prove amperes circuital law.
9. Derive the expression from magnetic field of long straight conductor carrying current
using ampere circuital law.
10. Define magnetic Lorentz force and write its expression.
11. Explain the motion of a charged particle in crossed field. (velocity selector
arrangement)
12. Discuss about the motion of charged particle in magnetic field a) if it moves along the
direction of magnetic field b) if it moves perpendicular to the direction of magnetic
field and c) if it moves at any arbitrary angle.
13. Derive the expression for force acting on a current carrying conductor placed in
uniform magnetic field also discuss the special cases. Explain the rule which
determines the direction of force.
14. Derive the expression for force between two parallel straight conductors carrying
current also define ampere.
15. Derive the expression for the torque acting on a current loop place in uniform
magnetic field also discuss the special cases.
16. Define magnetic moment of a current loop. State its unit and its direction.
17. Discuss the principle, construction, working and theory of moving coil galvanometer
with the help of the diagram.
18. Define a)figure of merit b) current sensitivity and c) voltage sensitivity.
19. Why radial magnetic field is used in moving coil galvanometer?
20. How can you achieve radial magnetic field in moving coil galvanometer?
21. How can you increase the current sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer?
22. By increasing the number of turns current sensitivity increases but voltage sensiitivity
remains constant. Explain.
23. Explain how will you convert a galvanometer into ammeter with the help of diagram.
24. Explain howly convert a galvanometer into voltmeter with the help of diagram.

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Chapter 5
Magnetism and matter

1. Explain the properties of magnet.

2. Explain the properties of magnetic field lines.
3. Derive the expression for the torque acting on a magnetic dipole in uniform magnetic
field. Also discuss the special cases.
4. Write the expression for magnetic field at any point on the axial line due to magnetic
dipole.
5. Write the expression for magnetic field at any point on the equatorial line due to
magnetic dipole.
6. Discuss how a current loop act as a magnetic dipole.
7. Discuss how a magnetic dipole act as an equivalent .
8. Define a) magnetic induction b) magnetizing field intensity c) intensity of
magnetisation d) magnetic susceptibility e) magnetic permeability and f) relative
permeability with unit.
9. Derive the relation between magnetic permeability and magnetic susceptibility.
10. How are materials Classified on the basis of their behaviour in a magnetic field? Give
examples of each type.
11. Differentiate diamagnetic substance paramagnetic substance and ferromagnetic
substance. (all properties with diagram)

Chapter 6
Electromagnetic induction

1. Define magnetic flux with expression and unit.

2. What do you mean by electromagnetic induction? (Mathematical form)
3. State Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.
4. State Lenz's law.
5. Show that Lenz's law is a consequence of law of conservation of energy.
6. State the methods of producing induced EMF.
7. Define a)self induction b) coefficient of self induction (self inductance) c) mutual
induction d) coefficient of mutual induction (mutual inductance)
8. Derive an expression for self inductance of a long solenoid also state the factors on
which it depends.
9. Derive an expression for mutual inductance of two long solenoids also state the
factors which on which it depends on.
10. Discuss the principle, construction, working and theory of AC generator with the help
of diagram.

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Chapter 7
Alternating current

1. Define alternating current, frequency, time period, amplitude of current with and unit.
2. Graphical representation of alternating current.
3. Show that average value of one cycle of ac a is zero.
4. A DCammeter cannot measure AC. why?
5. Define root mean square value of current
6. Relation between Irms and I0, and Iav and I0.
7. Define inductive reactance. Give its expression and unit. Also draw the graph between
inductive reactance and frequency.
8. Define capacitive reactance.Give its expression and unit also draw the graph between
capacitive reactance and frequency.
9. A capacitor blocks DC. Explain.
10. Define phasor diagram.
11. Show that the voltage and current always very in the same phase in an AC circuit
containing resistance only. Show the relationship graphically and draw a phasor
diagram for it.
12. A sinusoidal EMF is applied to a circuit containing an inductor only. Show that the
current lags behind the voltage by π/2 radian. Also show the relationship graphically
and draw a phasor diagram for it.
13. A sinusoidal EMF is applied to a circuit containing a capacitor only. Show that the
current leads voltage by π/2 radian also show the relationship graphically and draw
phasor diagram for it.
14. Derive the expression for impedance phase angle and resonant frequency for an LCR
series circuit using phasor diagram.
15. Draw the graph between current and frequency of a LCR series circuit.
16. Define power in an AC circuit.
17. Derive an expression for power in an AC circuit.
18. Describe the principle construction working and theory of Transformers with the help
of the diagram.
19. Discuss the energy losses in a transformer. How can they be reduced?
20. How is the large scale transmission of electric energy over long distance done with
the use of transformers?
21. Write the advantages and disadvantages of AC over DC.
22. What do you mean by wattless current?

Chapter 8
Electromagnetic waves

1. What is displacement current ? Give its expression.

2. What is the need of displacement current?
3. What is the significance of displacement current?

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4. Write the expression for modified ampere's circuital law.

5. What are electromagnetic waves ? Draw the graphical representation of it.
6. Write the general equation for electromagnetic waves and explain the terms involved
in it. Also write the expression of k and Omega.
7. State the properties of electromagnetic waves.
8. Write the formula to find the speed of light and speed of electromagnetic wave.
9. What do you mean by electromagnetic spectrum? Arrange the electromagnetic waves
in the increasing order of wavelength.
10. Learn the wavelength range frequency range properties detection and uses of all the
electromagnetic waves.

Chapter 9
Ray Optics and optical instruments

1. Define reflection. State the laws of reflection.

2. Derive the expression between radius of curvature and focal length of the spherical
mirror.
3. Derive mirror formula and magnification of a spherical mirror
4. State the characteristics of the image formed by a concave and convex mirror.
5. Learn the diagram for the image formation are different positions of Object of a
spherical mirror and their characteristics. (At infinity, at C, between C andF, at F,
between F and P and in front of convex mirror)
6. Define refraction. State the laws of refraction.
7. Define refractive index. Write all the formulae for relative refractive index and
absolute refractive index.
8. State the factors on which refractive index depends.
9. Define critical angle. State the factors on which it depends. Derive the relation
between critical angle and refractive index.
10. Define total internal reflection.State the conditions for total internal reflection also
write the applications of it.
11. State the characteristics of the image formed by convex lens and concave lens.
12. Learn the characteristics of the formation of image by both convex and concave lens
when the object is at different position. (Also draw the diagram)
13. Derive lens formula and magnification of a convex lens with the help of a diagram.
14. Derive the refraction formula for a single spherical surface with the help of a diagram.
15. Derive Lens makers formula with the help of a diagram also state the assumptions to
derive it.
16. Derive the expression for the combined focal length of two convex lenses which are
combined coaxially with the help of a diagram
17. Define power of a lens. state its unit
18. What do you mean by angle of minimum deviation?
19. What are the conditions when the prism is an angle of minimum deviation position?
20. Derive the expression for Refractive Index of a Prism with the help of a diagram. (
refraction of monochromatic light through a prism)

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21. What is least distance of distinct vision. What is it's value for for a normal adult eye?
22. Define angular magnification or magnifying power of an optical instrument.
23. Derive the expression for magnification of a simplel microscope with the help of
diagram when the image is formed a) at least distance of distinct vision and b) infinity
24. Derive the expression for magnification of a compound microscope with the help of a
diagram a) when the image is formed at least distance of distinct vision and b) at
infinity.
25. Derive the expression for magnification of an astronomical telescope with the help of
diagram a) when the image is formed at least distance of distinct vision and b) at
infinity.
26. Explain Casagranian telescope with the help of diagram.
27. State the advantages of reflecting telescope over refracting telescope.

Chapter 10
Wave optics

1. What is a wave front. state it's properties.

2. Draw the diagram of different types of wavefront and write their source.
3. Explain Huygen's principle with the help of diagram
4. Verify the laws of reflection using Huygen's principle with the help of diagram.
5. Verify the laws of refraction using Huygen's principle with the help of the diagram.
6. Define interference.
7. Derive the expression for intensity of of an interfering wave.
8. Derive the conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
9. What are coherent sources? How can you produce coherent sources?
10. Two independent sources can be coherent. Explain.
11. What do you mean by sustained interference? What are the conditions to obtain
sustained interference pattern?
12. Why coherence is needed to produce interference pattern?
13. Describe Young's double slit experiment. Write the expression for the position of
bright and dark fringes.
14. Define Fringe width. Write the expression for it.
15. Define diffraction. What is the condition to obtain the diffraction pattern.
16. Why diffraction is more pronounced in sound waves?
17. Describe the experiment diffraction at a single slit. Obtain the expression for path
difference position of Central maximum position of bright and dark fringes.
18. Write the expression of angular width of Central maximum, angular width of Central
maximum and linear width of Central maximum.
19. State the difference between interference and diffraction.

Chapter 11
Dual nature of radiation and matter waves

1. Define threshold energy or work function. Give its unit.

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2. State Photoelectric effect.

3. State the features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation.
4. Write the observation and conclusion of Lenard and Hallwach.
5. Define threshold frequency and stopping potential.
6. From the experimental study of Photoelectric effect explain a) the effect of intensity
of light on photoelectric current b) effect of potential on photoelectric current c) effect
of frequency of incident radiation and d) stopping potential variation of stopping
potential with frequency. ( graphs)
7. State the laws of photoelectric emission.
8. Derive Einstein's Photoelectric equation.
9. State the failures of classical wave theory.
10. Determinant plant constant and work function by using Einstein's theory.
11. What are matter waves.Derive the wave equation. ( de Broglie wave length.)
12. Why don't we observe matter waves in our day today life?
13. Do matter waves are electromagnetic in nature. Explain.
14. Derive the expression for wavelength of electron.

Chapter 12
Atoms
1. Explain Rutherford's Alpha particle scattering experiment. ( Geiger Marsden expt)
2. Write the observation and conclusions of Alpha particle scattering experiment.
3. What is distance of closest approach? Derive an expression for it.
4. What do you mean by impact parameter?
5. Write the failures of rutherfords atomic model.
6. State the postuates of Bohr's atomic model. ( Bohr's frequency condition,Bohr's
quantization condition)
7. Derive derive the expression for radius of n th orbit and bohr's radius using bohr's
atomic model.
8. Derive the expression for energy using Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom.
9. Draw the energy level diagram for hydrogen atom.
10. Discuss about the spectral series of hydrogen atom with the help of diagram.
11. Write the expression for wavelength of an atom when there is transition from one
energy level to another energy level.

Chapter 13
Nuclei
1. Define isotopes isobar and isotones with examples.
2. Define atomic number and mass number.
3. How do you represent an element?
4. Define atomic mass unit. Express 1 amu in terms of kilogram.
5. Derive the energy equivalent of 1amu.
6. Define mass defect. Give its unit.
write the expression of it.
7. Define binding energy. Give its unit write the expression of it.

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8. Draw the graph between binding energy per nucleon with mass number. Explain the
features and conclusion of this graph.
9. Write the expression to find the nuclear radius.
10. Nuclear density is independent of mass number. Explain.
11. Explain nuclear fission with the help of nuclear reaction.
12. Explain nuclear fusion with the help of nuclear reaction.
13. Why fusion takes place at Higher temperature?
14. Nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, which one releases more amount of heat. Justify.
15. Write the differences between nuclear fission and fusion reaction.
16. Sun is the source of energy. Explain.

Chapter 14
Semiconducting devices

1. Explain semiconductor based on resistivity and conductivity.

2. Explain the classification of semiconductor based on chemical composition.
3. Explain the classification of semiconductors based on the source of charges.
4. What do you mean by intrinsic semiconductor? What are its minority charge carriers?
5. Carbon, Silicon, Germanium have four valence electrons.Why then carbon is an
insulator but Silicon and Germanium are semiconductor?
6. What do you mean by doping. What are different methods of doping?
7. What do you mean by extrinsic semiconductor. Explain its different types.
8. Is ntype or P type semiconductor electrically neutral. Explain.
9. Define conduction band valence band and Forbidden gap or energy gap.
10. Explain conductors, insulators and semiconductors based on energy band diagram.
11. Draw the energy level diagram for internship semiconductor when a) T=0 and b) T>0
12. Draw the energy level diagram for P type and n type semiconductor.
13. Write the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor.
14. Write the difference between P type and type semiconductor.
15. What do you mean by PN junction or diode. Draw a symbolic form
16. Keeping n type and P type semiconductor in contact with each other can it form of PN
junction? Explain.
17. Explain the formation of PN junction with the help of a diagram.
18. Define depletion region, contact potential , threshold voltage Or cutt in voltage.
19. What do you mean by biasing. Explain the different types of biasing with the help of
diagram.
20. Draw the circuit diagram for forward and reverse biasing and explain.
21. Draw V-I characteristics of forward and reverse biasing and explain the graph.
22. Define rectification.
23. Write the uses of PN junction or diode.
24. Describe the principle construction and working of a diode as half wave rectifier with
the help of input and output wave forms.
25. Describe the principle construction and working of a diode as full wave rectifier with
the help of input and output wave forms.

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