F.Sc.

(Part-2)
Differentiation IMPORTANT—FORMULAS
By: Ali Nawaz Bajwa (M.Phil. (Math), M.Ed.)***Mob # : +92(345)6743869
CH # 2 Ravians Science Academy Model Town Daska. District Sialkot

1. = 0, ‘ ’ . 2. = 1

3. = ℎ !" 4. ln =

5. = 6. ( )
*= )
. +,

7. log 0 = 12 0
3. = ln

9. sin = cos 78. cos =−

< <
11. tan = 12. cot =−
?
13. sec = sec tan 7>. = − cosec cot
?
7@. sin = B
7C. cos = B
√ √

7D. tan = E B
73. cot = E B

7F. sec = G8. cosec =

√ B √ B

G7. sin ℎ = cosh GG. cosh = sinh

GI. tanh = ℎ< G>. coth =− ℎ<

25. sech = −sec ℎ tanh 26. ℎ =− ℎ ℎ

27. sinh = 28. cosh =

√ E B √ B

29. tanh = B I8. coth = B

I7. sech = B
IG. cosech =
√ √ E B

33. J+ K L=M + NK ++ M K N ℎ ?! !"

Q Q
) P M ) N ) M P N
34. MP N= QR
JP LB
QR
ℎ S! !"

, T T U
35. + K = + , JK L. K , = . ℎ Vℎ !"
U
 F.Sc.(Part-2)
Integration IMPORTANT—FORMULAS
By: Ali Nawaz Bajwa (M.Phil. (Math), M.Ed.)***Mob # : +92(345)6743869
CH # 3 Ravians Science Academy Model Town Daska. District Sialkot

1. 1 = 2. =

3. = 4. = | |

′ ′ = ln
5. = 6.

7. = 8. =
'() *
9. ! = − cos 10. ! & =−
*
)- *
11. + = sin 12. + & =−
*
. .
13. =/ 14. + = − +/
15. / = 16. + +/ =− +

17. / = | | 18. +/ = | ! |
19. = | +/ | 20. + = | + − +/ |

21. 1 1 = ln | | 22. 1 1 = ln | |
. .

23. = ln | +√ . + . | 24. = ln | +√ . − . |
√ 1 1 √ 1 1

34. = ! 67 − +
√ 1 1

26. 1 1 = / 67 − +/

27. = 67 −
√ 1 1

√ 1 1 1
38. √ . − . = + !
. .
√ 1 1 1 √ 1 1
29. √ . + . = + | |
. .
√ 1 1 1 √ 1 1
30. √ . − . = − | |
. .
 Important Derivates & Integrals
mathcity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0

d d n
· c=0 where c is constant · x = nx n-1
dx dx
ì d d d
ïï · dx sin x = cos x · tan x = sec2 x · csc x = - csc x cot x
dx dx
í
ï · d cos x = - sin x d
· cot x = - csc2 x ·
d
sec x = sec x tan x
ïî dx dx dx
ì d 1 d 1 d 1
ï· dx Sin x =
-1
· Tan -1x = · Sec -1 x =
ï 1 - x2 dx 1 + x2 dx x x2 - 1
í
ï· d Cos -1 x = -1 d -1 d -1
· Cot -1x = · Csc -1 x =
îï dx 1 - x2 dx 1 + x2 dx x x2 - 1
ì d x ·
d
log a x =
1
ïï· dx a = a ln a
x
dx x ln a
í
ï· d e x = e x ·
d
ln x =
1
ïî dx dx x
ì d d d
ïï· dx sinh x = cosh x ·
dx
tanh x = sech 2 x ·
dx
sech x = - sech x tanh x
í
ï· d cosh x = sinh x d
· coth x = - csch 2 x ·
d
csch x = - csch x coth x
ïî dx dx dx
ì d 1 d -1
ï· Sinh-1x = ·
d
Tanh -1 x =
1 · Sech -1 x =
ï dx 1+ x2 dx 1 - x2 dx x 1 - x2
í
ï· d Cosh -1 x = 1 d 1 d -1
· Coth -1 x = · Csch-1x =
ï dx x2 -1 dx 1- x2 dx x 1 + x2
î

Some Important Integrals

( ax + b )
n +1
x n +1
o ò x dx = o ò ( ax + b ) dx =
n n

n +1 a ( n + 1)
1 1 ln ax + b
o ò dx = ln x oò dx =
x ax + b a
( ax +b )
e ax
o ò e x dx = e x o ò e(ax+b) dx = o ò a x dx =
a ln a
o ò sin x dx = - cos x o ò cos xdx = sin x
o ò sec 2 x dx = tan x o ò csc 2 x dx = - cot x
o ò sec x tan x dx = sec x ò
o csc x cot x dx = - csc x

o ò tan x dx = ln sec x o ò cot x dx = ln sin x

o ò sec x dx = ln sec x + tan x o ò csc x dx = ln csc x - cot x
dx x x dx 1 x 1 x
oò = sin -1 or - cos-1 o ò 2 2 = tan -1 or - cot -1
a -x 22 a a a +x a a a a
dx 1 x 1 x
oò = sec-1 or - csc-1
x x -a
2 2 a a a a
dx 1 a+ x dx 1 x-a
oò 2 = ln oò = ln
a -x 2
2a a - x x -a
2 2
2a x+a
1 1
oò dx = ln x + x 2 + a 2 oò dx = ln x + x 2 - a 2
x2 + a2 x2 - a 2
x a 2 - x 2 a 2 -1 æ x ö
o ò a 2 - x 2 dx = + sin ç ÷
2 2 èaø

M a de b y: A ti q ur R e hma n (m at h ci ty@ g mai l . co m) h tt p: // ww w. ma th ci ty. or g

 Some Important Integrals
MathCity.org For BSc or BS Level
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 2.0

xn +1
 c dx = cx , where c is constant  x dx =
n
• • , n ≠ −1 ,
n +1
ax dx
 e dx = e •  a dx = • 
x x x
• = ln | x |
ln a x
 sin x dx = − cos x •  sec x dx = tan x •  sec x tan x dx = sec x
2
•

•  cos x dx = sin x •  csc2 x dx = − cot x •  csc x cot x dx = − csc x

•  tan x dx = ln | sec x |= − ln | cos x | •  sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x |

•  cot x dx = ln | sin x |= − ln | csc x | •  csc x dx = ln | csc x − cot x | = − ln | csc x + cot x |
dx −1 x −1 x
•  a 2 − x2 = sin a or − cos a •  sinh x dx = cosh x

dx 1 x 1 x
 a2 + x2 = a tan  cosh x dx = sinh x
−1
• or − cot −1 •
a a a
dx 1 x 1 x
•  = sec−1 or − csc−1 •  sech
2
x dx = tanh x
x x2 − a2 a a a a
dx x
•  = sinh −1 = ln( x + x 2 + a 2 ) •  csch
2
x dx = − coth x
a 2 + x2 a
dx x
•  = cosh −1 = ln( x + x 2 − a 2 ) •  sech x tanh x dx = − sech x
x2 − a2 a
dx 1 −1 x 1 a + a2 − x2
•  x a2 − x2 a
= − sech
a
= −
a
ln
x
•  csch x coth x dx = − coth x
dx 1 −1 x 1 a + a 2 + x2
•  x a2 + x2 a
= − csch
a
= −
a
ln
x
•  tanh x dx = ln | cosh x |
dx 1 a+x 1 x
•  2 2
= ln = tanh −1 if x 2 < a 2 •  coth x dx = ln | sinh x |
a −x 2 a a − x a a
dx 1 x−a 1 x
•  2 2
= ln = − coth −1 if x 2 > a 2
x −a 2 a x + a a a
x a 2 − x 2 a 2 −1  x 
•  a 2 − x2 dx =
2
+ sin  
2 a
x x2 + a2 a 2 x + x2 + a2
•  x 2 + a 2 dx =
2
+ ln
2 a

x x2 − a2 a2 x + x2 − a 2

2 2
• x − a dx = − ln
2 2 a

Made by Atiq ur Rehman ( [email protected] )

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Submit errors at http://www.mathcity.org/error
 Some Important Derivative
MathCity.org For BSc or BS Level
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 2.0

d d n d n n −1 d
• (c ) = 0 , where c is constant • ( x ) = nx n −1 • [ f ( x)] = n [ f ( x)] [ f ( x)]
dx dx dx dx
 d d d
 • dx sin x = cos x • tan x =sec 2 x • csc x =− csc x cot x
dx dx

 • d cos x =− sin x •
d
cot x =− csc2 x •
d
sec x = sec x tan x
 dx dx dx
 d −1 1 d 1 d 1
• dx Sin x = • Tan −1 x = • Sec −1 x =
 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2 dx x x2 −1

• d Cos −1 x = −1 •
d
Cot −1 x =
−1
•
d
Csc −1 x =
−1
 dx 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2 dx x x2 − 1
 d x x •
d
log a x =
1
• dx a = a ln a dx x ln a

• d e x = e x •
d
ln x =
1
 dx dx x
 d d d
• dx sinh x = cosh x • tanh x = sech 2 x • sech x =− sech x tanh x
dx dx

• d cosh x =sinh x •
d
coth x = − csch 2 x •
d
csch x =− csch x coth x
 dx dx dx
 d −1 1 d 1 d −1
• dx Sinh x = 2 • Tanh −1 x = • Sech −1 x =
 x +1 dx 1 − x2 dx x 1 − x2

• d Cosh −1 x = 1 d 1 d −1
• Coth −1 x = • Csch −1 x =
 dx x2 − 1 dx 1 − x2 dx x 1 + x2

Some Standard nth Derivative

n
d n  1  ( −1) n !a
n
dn m! m −n
(ax + b)m = a n ( ax + b ) if m ≥ n =
dx n  ax + b  (ax + b) n+1
• •
dx n
( m − n )!
dn (−1)n −1 ( n − 1) !a n d n ax
• [ ln( ax + b ) ] = • n
e = a n ea x
dx n (ax + b) n dx
dn  π dn  π
• n
sin(ax + b) = a n sin  ax + b + n .  • n
cos(ax + b) = a n cos  ax + b + n . 
dx  2 dx  2
n
d n ax  b
• n
e sin(bx + c) = (a + b ) e sin  bx + c + n tan −1 
2 2 2 ax

dx  a
n
 b
n
d ax
• n
e cos(bx + c) = (a 2 + b 2 ) 2 e a x cos  bx + c + n tan −1 
dx  a

Leibniz’s Theorem

dn
• n
(uv) = nC0 u ( n ) v + nC1 u ( n −1) v′+ nC2 u ( n −2) v′′ + … + n Cn −1 u ′v n−1 + nCn uv n
dx
Made by Atiq ur Rehman ( [email protected] )
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Submit errors at http://www.mathcity.org/error
 Differentiation of Differentiation of Inverse
Trigonometric Functions Trigonometric Functions
1) 𝑑 𝑑 1) 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑥) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 −1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

2) 𝑑 𝑑 2) 𝑑 −1 𝑑
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 (𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

3) 𝑑 𝑑 3) 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑥) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

4) 𝑑 𝑑 4) 𝑑 −1 𝑑
𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑥 = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

5) 𝑑 𝑑 5) 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 (𝑥) 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

6) 𝑑 𝑑 6) 𝑑 −1 𝑑
𝐶𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑥 (𝑥) (𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥) = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

Differentiation of Differentiation of Inverse

Hyperbolic Functions Hyperbolic Functions
1) 𝑑 𝑑 1) 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝑆𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 (𝑥) 𝑆𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

2) 𝑑 𝑑 2) 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝐶𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 (𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

3) 𝑑 𝑑 3) 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥 (𝑥) 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

4) 𝑑 𝑑 4) 𝑑 −1 𝑑
𝐶𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 = − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥 (𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑡ℎ−1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

5) 𝑑 𝑑 5) 𝑑 −1 𝑑
𝑆𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 = − 𝑆𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 (𝑥) 𝑆𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑥 = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

6) 𝑑 𝑑 6) 𝑑 −1 𝑑
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 (𝑥) (𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ−1 𝑥) = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Mansoor Tahir 0305 1360330

 Integration Formulas

1
1 sin (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + C
𝑎
1
2 cos (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ) 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + C
𝑎
1 1
3 tan (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − ln ⃒ cos 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ⃒ + C = ln ⃒ sec 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ⃒ + 𝐶
𝑎 𝑎
1
4 cot (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ln ⃒ sin 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ⃒ + C
𝑎
𝑥
5 cosec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln ⃒ cosec 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 ⃒ + C = 𝑙𝑛 tan + C
2
𝜋 𝑥
6 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln ⃒ sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 ⃒ + C = 𝑙𝑛 tan + + C
4 2

1
7 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +𝑏 𝑑𝑥 = × 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +𝑏 + 𝐶
𝑎

1
8 𝑎 𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 𝑑𝑥 = × 𝑎 𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 + 𝐶
𝑏 ln 𝑎

𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
9 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + sinh−1
2 2 𝑎

𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
10 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − cosh−1
2 2 𝑎

𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
11 𝑎2 − 𝒙𝟐 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 2 − 𝒙𝟐 + sin−1
2 2 𝑎

1 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
12 𝑑𝑥 = sinh−1 + C = 𝑙𝑛 + C
𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎

1 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
13 𝑑𝑥 = cosh−1 + C = 𝑙𝑛 + C
𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎

1 1 𝑥
14 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 + C
𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎

1 𝑥
15 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1 + C
𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎

16 1 = 1 𝑎+𝑥 + C
𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛
𝑎 − 𝑥2
2 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥

17 1 = 1 𝑥−𝑎 + C
𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛
𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎

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 Hyperbolic Formulas nth order derivatives
① 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 = 1 𝑑𝑛 𝜋
② 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑛 sin 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 2
𝑑𝑛 𝜋
Adding ① and ② cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 2
③ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 𝑑𝑛 𝑥
𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑛
Subtracting ② from ① 𝑑𝑥 𝑛

2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 − 1 𝑑 𝑛 𝑎𝑥
④ 𝑒 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑛

2 𝑑𝑛 1 𝑎𝑛 (−1)𝑛 𝑛!
1 1 1 𝜋 =
1− + − + … . = 𝑑𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑛+1
22 32 42 12
𝑑 𝑛 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑏
1 1 1 𝜋2 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑛 tan−1 )
1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + …. = 𝑑𝑥 𝑛 𝑎
2 3 4 6
𝑑 𝑛 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑏
𝑛
𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑛 tan−1 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑒𝑥 = 1 + + + + ....
1! 2! 3!
−1
1 −1
1 − 𝑧2 −1
1 −1
1 + 𝑧2
𝑥 2 3
𝑥 𝑥4
𝑥 5 tan 𝑧 = cos tanh 𝑧 = cosh
ln( 1 + 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − + − + − …. 2 1 + 𝑧2 2 1 − 𝑧2
2 3 4 5
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5
ln( 1 − 𝑥 ) = − 𝑥 − − − − − …. 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 3 4 5 = cos −1 +𝑐 ,𝑎 >𝑏
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6 𝑥8
Cos x = 1 − + − + − …. 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2! 4! 6! 8! = cosh−1 +𝑐 ,𝑎 <𝑏
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7 𝑥9
Sin x = 𝑥 − + − + − …. 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥
3! 5! 7! 9! = tan + 𝑐 ,𝑎 =𝑏
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎 2

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 Solution & Area of Oblique Triangle
mathcity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 2.0.1

The Law of Cosine

o a 2 = b2 + c 2 - 2bc cos a o b 2 = c 2 + a 2 - 2ca cos b o c 2 = a 2 + b 2 - 2ab cos g
b2 + c 2 - a 2 c2 + a 2 - b2 a 2 + b2 - c 2
o cos a = o cos b = o cos g =
2bc 2ca 2ab
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Law of Sine

a b c
o = =
sin a sin b sin g
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Law of Tangent

o
a - b tan 2
=
( a -b ) o
b - c tan 2
=
( b -g ) o
c - a tan 2
=
( g -a )
a + b tan a + b
2 ( ) b + c tan b +g
2 ( ) c + a tan g +a
2 ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Half Angles Formulas

o sin
a
=
( s - b )( s - c ) o sin
b
=
( s - c )( s - a ) o sin
g
=
( s - a )( s - b )
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
a s(s - a) b s ( s - b) g s( s - c)
o cos = o cos = o cos =
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
a
o tan =
( s - b )( s - c ) b
o tan =
( s - c )( s - a ) g
o tan =
( s - a )( s - b )
2 s(s - a) 2 s ( s - b) 2 s(s - c)
a+b+c
where s =
2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Area of Triangle ( = D )
1 1 1
o D = bc sin a = ca sin b = ab sin g
2 2 2
a sin b sin g
2
b sin g sin a
2
c 2 sin a sin b
o D = = = =
2sin a 2sin b 2sin g
o D = s ( s - a )( s - b )( s - c ) (Hero’s Formula)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Circum Radius ( = R )
a b c abc
o R = = = o R =
2sin a 2sin b 2sin g 4D
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

In Radius ( = r )
D
o r =
s
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Escribed Circle
D D D
o r1 = o r2 = o r3 =
s-a s -b s-c
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Made By: Atiq ur Rehman Email: [email protected] h t t p :/ / ww w .mat h ci t y . org
F.Sc.(Part-1)
TRIGONOMETRY IMPORTANT—FORMULAE
By: Ali Nawaz Bajwa (MS(Math), M.Ed.) ******** Mob # ; +92(345)6743869
CH # 9---14 Ravians Science Academy Model Town Daska. District Sialkot

gHh*)"(# iH)FHH# h & vI"zhH {#phH tmH#)")"H!

= 1. sin 30 = 3 sin 0 − 4 N 0
j(#kHI!"(# (l g*m"*# 2. cos 30 = 4 N
0 − 3 cos 0
N 89: ;?BCDO ;
↔ oHpIHH 180° 3. tan 30 =
1° = & 1 = >?NBCDE ;
180
urs, o"llHIH#'H & P ~
qr#m*sH#)*h tmH#)")"H!
1. 2 sin 0 cos 1 = sin/0 + 12 + sin/0 − 12
1. + =1 . 2 cos 0 sin 1 = sin/0 + 12 − sin/0 − 12
2. 1 + = . 2 cos 0 cos 1 = cos/0 + 12 + cos/0 − 12
3. 1 + = 4. -2 sin 0 sin 1 = cos/0 + 12 − cos/0 − 12
R<S R?S
u"p#! (l vI"p(#(sH)I"' qr#')"(# 5. sin P + sin Q = 2 sin cos
R<S R?S
sin & csc +y +y 6. sin P − sin Q = 2 cos sin
R<S R?S
7. cos P + cos Q = 2 cos cos
R<S R?S
8. cos P − cos Q = −2 sin sin
II-Quad. I-Quad.+

III-Quad. IV-Quad.
o(s*"# & • € (l vI"p. qr#')"(#!
& +y cos & sec +y
Functions Domain Range
x*hrH! (l vI"p(#(sH)I"' qr#')"(#!
T = UVW X −∞ < Z < +∞ −1 ≤ \ ≤ 1
° ° ° ° T = ]^U X −∞ < Z < +∞ −1 ≤ \ ≤ 1
° = = = =
−∞ < Z < +∞
1 1 √3 −∞ < \ < +∞
!"#
T = _`W X
0 2 √2 2 1 Z≠
/ D<>2b

√3 1 1 −∞ < Z < +∞
'(! 2 √2 2 T = ]^_ X / D<>2b −∞ < \ < +∞
Z≠
1 0
1
)*# 0 √3 1 √3 ∞ −∞ < Z < +∞
T = Uc] X T ≥ e (I T ≤ −e
Z≠
qr#m*sH#)*h w*F! (l vI"p(#(sH)IT
−∞ < Z < +∞
sin/0 + 12 = sin 0 cos 1 + cos 0 sin 1 T = ]U] X T ≥ e (I T ≤ −e
Z≠
1.
2. sin/0 − 12 = sin 0 cos 1 − cos 0 sin 1
FGHIH # J K.
3. cos/0 + 12 = cos 0 cos 1 − sin 0 sin 1
•HI"(m (l vI"p(#(sH)I"' qr#')"(#!
4. cos/0 − 12 = cos 0 cos 1 + sin 0 sin 1
89: ;<89: =
tan/0 + 1 2 =
>?89: ; 89: =
5. Function Period
6. tan/0 − 1 2 =
89: ;?89: = sin
><89: ; 89: =
cos
o(r|hH {#phH tmH#)")"H!
1. sin 20 = 2 sin 0 cos 0 csc *
0− 0 sec
2. cos 20 = @ 2 0−1 A
1−2 0
tan
3. tan 20 =
89: ;
>?BCDE ;
cot *
 [\R ]L^ G_ q<=R; g<VFfe − g<VFbR (h)

1. 3 = = =
= = *+ ! *+ $ *+ %
sin sin sin
2. 3 =
[\R ]L^ G_ gG;<=R 4∆
1. = + −2 cos i= − g<VFbR (V)
= + −2 cos ∆
1=
2.
= + −2 cos
3.
-
[\R ]L^ G_ [L=`R=K; j;FV<kRl − g<VFbR
∆ ∆ ∆
( ) 1) = ,1 = , 16 =
1. = -− -− -−
( )
i=mRV;R [V<`G=GeRKV dGVefbL;
( ) sin 7 + sin 8 = sin )(7,1 − 8 + 8 ,1 − 7 )
=
) )
2.
( ) sin )
7 − sin )
8 = sin )(7,1 − 8 + 8 ,1 − 7 )
cos )
7 + cos )
8 = cos )
(78 − ,(1 − 7 )(1 − 8 ))
( )
= cos 7 − cos 8 = cos (78 + ,(1 − 7 )(1 − 8 ))
) ) )

7+8
3.
( )
tan )
7 + tan
8 = tan ) ( )
)
aLb_ c=`bR dGVefbL; 1 − 78
7−8
! (# )(# ) tan ) 7 − tan ) 8 = tan ) ( )
1. sin = " 1 + 78
27
2tan ) 7 = tan ) ( )
$ (# )(# ) 1−7
2. sin = "
nV<=F<oLb [V<`. df=FK<G=;
% (# )(# )
3. sin = " Function Domain Range
? ?
! #(# ) : = ;<=> − ≤>≤ −B ≤ : ≤ B
4. cos = " @ @
? ?
: = CDE B
> −B ≤ : ≤ B − ≤>≤
$ #(# ) @ @
5. cos = " : = FG;> H≤>≤? −B ≤ : ≤ B

% #(# ) : = IJC B
> −B ≤ : ≤ B H≤>≤?
6. cos = " ? ?
: = KL=> − <N<
@ @
R
! (# )(# ) ? ?
7. tan = " #(# )
: = OPE B
> − <N<
@ @
R

$ (# )(# ) : = FGK> H<N<Q

8. tan = "
R
#(# ) : = IJO B
> R H<N<Q
?
% (# )(# ) : = ;RF> SH, ?T, > ≠
9. tan = " @
: ≤ −B GV : ≥ B
#(# ) ?
: = CXI B
> > ≤ −B GV > ≥ B SH, ?T, : ≠
@
cVRL G_ [V<L=`bR; (∆) ? ?
: = ICI > Y− , Z,> ≠ H : ≤ −B GV : ≥ B
) ) ) @ @
1. ∆= sin = sin = sin ? ?
*+ $ *+ % *+ % *+ ! *+ ! *+ $ : = ICI B
> > ≤ −B GV > ≥ B Y− , Z,: ≠ H
2. ∆= = = @ @
*+ ! *+ $ *+ %

3. ∆= ,-(- − )(- − )(- − )

Best of Luck
Ravians Science Academy Model Town Daska.
+ + District Sialkot
.ℎ010 - =
2
 MathCity.org Important Trigonometric Formulas
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths
Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 2.0

● sin 2  + cos 2  = 1 ● 1 + tan 2  = sec2  ● 1 + cot 2  = csc2 

● sin(− ) = − sin  ● cos(− ) = cos  ● tan(− ) = − tan 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
● sin ( +  ) = sin  cos  + cos  sin  ● sin ( −  ) = sin  cos  − cos  sin 
● cos ( +  ) = cos  cos  − sin  sin  ● cos ( −  ) = cos  cos  + sin  sin 
tan  + tan  tan  − tan 
● tan ( +  ) = ● tan ( −  ) =
1 − tan  tan  1 + tan  tan 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 tan 
● sin 2 = 2sin  cos ● cos 2 = cos 2  − sin 2  ● tan 2 =
1 − tan 2 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 1 − cos   1 + cos   1 − cos 
● sin 2 = ● cos2 = ● tan 2 =
2 2 2 2 2 1 + cos 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3tan  − tan 3 
● sin 3 = 3sin  − 4sin 3  ● cos3 = 4cos3  − 3cos  ● tan 3 =
1 − 3tan 2 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 tan  1 − tan 2  2 tan 
● sin 2 = ● cos 2 = ● tan 2 =
1 + tan 2  1 + tan 2  1 − tan 2 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
● sin ( +  )+sin ( −  )= 2sin  cos  ● sin ( +  ) − sin ( −  )= 2 cos  sin 
● cos ( +  )+ cos ( −  ) = 2 cos  cos  ● cos ( +  )−cos ( −  ) = −2sin  sin 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 +  −  +  −
● sin  + sin  = 2sin cos ● sin  − sin  = 2cos sin
2 2 2 2
 +  −  +  −
● cos  + cos  = 2cos cos ● cos  − cos  = −2sin sin
2 2 2 2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(
● sin −1 A + sin −1 B = sin −1 A 1 − B 2 + B 1 − A2 ) (
● sin −1 A − sin −1 B = sin −1 A 1 − B 2 − B 1 − A2 )
● cos −1 A + cos −1 B = cos −1 AB − ( (1 − A )(1 − B ) )
2 2
● cos −1 A − cos −1 B = cos −1 AB + ( (1 − A )(1 − B ) )
2 2

A+ B A− B
● tan −1 A + tan −1 B = tan −1 ● tan −1 A − tan −1 B = tan −1
1 − AB 1 + AB
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  
Three Steps to solve sin  n   
 2 
Step I: First check that n is even or odd
Step II: If n is even then the answer will be in sin and if the n is odd then sin will be converted to cos and vice virsa
(i.e. cos will be converted to sin).

Step III: Now check in which quadrant n    is lying if it is in Ist or IInd quadrant the answer will be positive as
2
sin is positive in these quadrants and if it is in the IIIrd or IVth quadrant the answer will be negative.
e.g. sin 667 = sin ( 7(90) + 37 )
Since n = 7 is odd so answer will be in cos and 667 is in IVth quadrant and sin is –ive in IVth quadrant
therefore answer will be in negative. i.e sin 667 = − cos 37
Similar technique is used for other trigonometric ratios. i.e tan cot and sec csc .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Made By: Atiq ur Rehman Email: [email protected] http://www.mathcity.org Corrected by: Salman Zaidi
 Fundamental Identities Triple Angle Identities Product into Sum or Difference
i sin2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 sin 3θ = 3 sinθ − 4 sin3 θ 2 sin α cos β = sin α+ β + sin α− β
ii 1 + tan2 θ = sec 2 θ cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ 2 cos α sin β = sin α+ β − sin α− β
2 2 3
iii 1 + cot θ = cosec θ 3tanθ − tan θ
tan 3θ = 2 cos α cos β = cos α+ β + cos α− β
1 − 3 tan2 θ
− 2 sin α sin β = cos α+ β − cos α− β
cos α+ β = cos α cos β − sin α sin β
cos α− β = cos α cos β + sin α sin β Double Angle Identities
sin α+ β = sin α cos β + cos α sin β sin 2 α = 2 sin α cos α
sin α− β = sin α cos β − cos α sin β
cos 2 α = cos 2 α − sin2 α
tan α + tan β
tan α+ β = cos 2 α = 2 cos2 α − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 α
1 − tan α tan β
2 tan α
tan α − tan β tan 2 α =
tan α− β = 1 − tan2 α
1 + tan α tan β

Half Angle Identities

Sum or Difference into Product
θ
P+Q P−Q 1 + Cos θ = 2 cos 2
sin P + sin Q = 2 sin cos 2
2 2
θ
P+Q P−Q 1 − Cos θ = 2 sin2
sin P − sin Q = 2 cos sin 2
2 2
P+Q P−Q θ 1 − cos θ
Cos P + Cos Q = 2 cos cos tan = ±
2 2 2 1 + cosθ
P+Q P−Q
Cos P − Cos Q = − 2 sin sin
2 2
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