1.
insulin was one of the first human proteins produced through genetic
engineering have the following feature except…………………………………..
a) Could be used to treat diabetes
b) Has a simple structure
c) Post-translational modifications
d) Is a small protein with two peptide chains
2.What is one advantage of using E. coli for protein production from cloned
genes?
A) E. coli grows quickly and is easy to culture
b) E. coli can perform eukaryotic post-translational modifications
c) E. coli has natural strong promoters that work well for protein overexpression
d)E. coli does not degrade foreign proteins
3.What is the purpose of cloning a gene into an expression vector for E. coli?
a) To introduce an origin of replication
b) To provide eukaryotic promoters and transcription signals
c) To provide prokaryotic promoters and translation signals
d) To enable conjugative transfer into E. coli
4.What is a most common tag added to recombinant proteins produced in E.
coli?
a) V5 tag
b) His tag
c) FLAG tag
d) S-tag
5.What induces recombinant protein expression from the lac promoter?
a) IPTG
b) Glucose
c) UV light
d) Increased temperature
6.What is the main purpose of fusion tags on recombinant proteins produced in
E. coli?
a) Improve protein solubility
b) Enhance protein stability
c) Simplify purification
d) Lack of glycosylation
7.Why is it sometimes necessary to lower the expression temperature when
producing recombinant proteins in E. coli?
a) To improve folding and solubility
b) To prevent plasmid loss
c) To reduce protease activity
d) To increase level of expression
8.The most important component in expression vector is……
Reporter
Terminator
Promoter
Cofactor
9.For genes whose products are needed in small amounts, which types of
promoters are required?
Strong promoters
Consensus promoters
Any promoter
Weak promoters
10.Which type of protein is produced with cassette vectors?
Mammalian protein
Hybrid protein
Plant protein
Fusion protein
11.The “lac promoter” is the sequence that controls transcription of…………….
Lambda DNA
Amylose
Trp gene
LacZ’ gene
12.Ptac promoter used for………
Transcription
General expression
Specific Gene expression
Invitro transcription
13.The most common selectable markers used in prokaryotic vectors are………
Amino acids auxotrophic genes
Antibiotic resistant genes
Amino acids protrophic genes
Reporter genes
14.Which process is used in an expression vector to increase yield of
recombinant protein synthesis?
Transcription terminators
Multiple cloning sites
Translation initiation
Promoter induction
15.Bt gene which produces a protein toxic to insect larvae is…………
Cry
Ary
Pry
Try
16.Developing plant synthesis insecticides coded by cloned gene to resist
insects is considered good example of………..
Gene expression
Gene subtraction
Gene addition & gene subtraction
Gene addition
17.Antisense RNA blocks the activity of……….
DNA
RNA
cDNA
mRNA
18.Gene responsible for the softness of the tomato is……….
Protease
Poly galacturonic
Polygalacturonase gene
Glucose oxidase Gene
19.Delay in the ripening of tomato is due to……….
Virulent gene
Antibiotic resistance gene
Mutation
Antisense PG
20.Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis are being used for designing……….
Biofertilizers techniques
Bio insecticidal plants
Bio metallurgical
Biomineralization
21.The trigger for activation of toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is…….
Mechanical action in the insect gut
Alkaline pH of gut
Acidic pH of stomach
High temperature
22. What are some benefits of developing insect resistant plants by cloning
insecticidal genes into them?
Reduces the need for spraying chemical insecticides
Protects all parts of the plants
The insecticides are biodegradable
The insecticides can’t infect plants
23.How was the modified CryIA(b) gene introduced into maize plants?
By particle bombardment
By agrobacterium-mediated transformation
By electroporation
By protoplast fusion
24.Possible risks of Bt toxin crops require assessment of…….
Toxicity to non-target organisms
Development of insect resistance
Gene flow to wild relatives
Decreasing pesticide residues from sprays
25.The main advantage of gene inactivation is……….
Improved crop yield
Altered traits
Disease resistance
Enhanced nutrition
26.What was the purpose of developing second generation golden rice?
Improved agronomic traits
Reduced transgene silencing
Better grain quality
Higher beta-carotene levels
27.How much more beta-carotene does GR2 accumulate compared to GR1?
5-fold more
2-fold more
20 fold more
10-fold more
28.Which promoters were used to drive transgene expression in GR2?
35S and ubiquitin
Glutelin and ubiquitin
Actin and 35S
Ubiquitin and tubulin
29.How does higher PSY expression enhance carotenoid levels?
Improves sequestration
Reduces photo-oxidation
Increases flux through pathway
Enhances endosperm sink strength
30.How does beta-carotene improve golden rice?
Nutritional quality
Pigmentation
Antioxidant activity
Provitamin A activity
31.Which generation of golden rice is closer to commercialization?
GR1
GR2
GR3
GR4
32.What is the significance of achieving 37 ug/g carotenoids?
Meets 50% Vitamin A RDA
Non-toxic level
Maximum biosynthetic capacity
Effective bioconversion
33.What is the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide?
2,4-D
Glyphosate
Glufosinate
Dicamba
34.Which enzyme is inhibited by glyphosate?
ACC synthase
Rubisco
PEP carboxylase
EPSP synthase
35.Why is the CT peptide required for EPSPS?
Glyphosate detoxification
Proper folding
Subcellular localization
Enhanced activity
36.How was glyphosate tolerance confirmed in transgenic plants?
Western blot
ELISA
PCR
Herbicide spray
37.How did engineering confer glyphosate tolerance?
Overexpression of EPSPS
Reduced glyphosate translocation
Altered EPSPS enzyme
Glyphosate metabolism
38.How does glyphosate inhibit amino acid synthesis?
Reduced precursor supply
Blocked EPSP synthesis
Impaired protein synthesis
Inhibited PEP production
39.What is features of insulin that facilitated its production by recombinant DNA
techniques?
It has a very complex tertiary structure.
It is heavily glycosylated after translation.
It is a relatively small protein comprising two polypeptide chains.
It is modified after translation by the addition of sugar molecules.
40.How were the initial A and B chain insulin proteins produced in E. coli
separated from the fusion protein?
By affinity chromatography.
By cleaving with cyanogen bromide.
By size exclusion chromatography.
By ion exchange chromatography.
41.What enables recombinant viral coat proteins to act as vaccines?
They provoke broad immune reactions.
They can induce antibody production on their own.
They self-assemble into virus-like particles.
What enables recombinant viral coat proteins to act as vaccines?
42.How can recombinant vaccinia viruses be used as vaccines?
By inserting antigens into the viral coat.
By attenuating the virus through mutation.
By expressing genes for protective antigens from other pathogens.
As vectors for DNA vaccine
43.How were genes for A and B chains of insulin first obtained?
Reverse transcribed from RNA
Chemical synthesis
Total gene synthesis
Isolated from human cells
44.Making artificial genes is easier for……
Small proteins
Membrane-bound proteins
Highly modified proteins
Complex proteins like antibodies
45.What was a key challenge in early insulin production?
Low expression levels in E. coli
Glycosylation of the protein
Forming the proper disulfide bonds
Solubility
46.Early successes in protein engineering included…….
Cell surface receptors
Insulin and growth hormones
Industrial enzymes
Fluorescent proteins
47.Key innovations in early recombinant DNA technology included:
Directed evolution
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
Monoclonal antibody production
Synthetic genes and recombinant plasmids
48.What are the two main types of traditional vaccines?
Attenuated and inactivated
Subunit and DNA
Live and killed
Synthetic and recombinant
49.What is a risk associated with live vaccines?
Lack of effectiveness
Under-attenuation and reversion to virulence
Antibody-dependent enhancement
Excessive inflammation
50.What is an advantage of synthetic peptide vaccines?
Ability to target conserved epitopes
Built-in adjuvanticity
Mimicry of native antigens
High immunogenicity
51.How do DNA vaccines stimulate immunity?
Encoding antigens in injected plasmid DNA
Incorporating antigens into virosomes
Presenting peptides to dendritic cells
Activating innate immune receptors
52.How was the hepatitis B vaccine produced?
Purified from blood products
Expressed in yeast cells
Chemical synthesis
Isolated from the virus
53.Subunit vaccines became practical due to………….
Synthetic peptide technology
Viral vector technology
Advances in viral purification from cultures
Recombinant DNA techniques
54.Insulin is first produced as which molecule?
Proinsulin
Preproinsulin
A and B chains
Mature insulin
55.Cleaving fusion proteins exploited the specificity of……
Restriction enzymes
Proteases
RNases
Cyanogen bromide
56.What type of vaccine contains inactivated toxins or viruses?
Live
Conjugate
Subunit
Inactivated
57.How are viral vector vaccines created?
Chemically inactivating viruses
Attenuating viruses through passaging
Inserting genes into viral genomes
Assembling viral capsids with antigens
58.Viral vectors enable…………….
Gene delivery
Epitope presentation
Pathogen attenuation
Antigen incorporation
59.DNA vaccines involve…………….
Pathogen epitopes
Viral vectors
Plasmid injection
Protein subunits
60.Risks of live vaccines include………………
Under-attenuation
Short duration
Local reactions
Lower immunogenicity
61.What type of vector system results in integration of foreign genes into the
plant genome?
Binary
Cointegrative
Replicative
Episomal
62.How does the virulence gene (VirG) in Ti plasmid get activated?
Plant phenolics
Plant growth hormones
Bacterial endotoxins
Agrobacterium transcription factors
63.What is a benefit of cointegrate vectors compared to binary vectors?
Higher transformation efficiency
Simpler plasmid structure
No separate disarmed plasmid
Lower biosafety concerns
64.Which genes in the Ti plasmid enable T-DNA transfer?
Antibiotic resistance genes
Virulence genes
Replication origin
Selectable markers
65.Selectable markers allow……………..
Identifying transformants
Plasmid replication
Agrobacterium growth
Virulence induction
66.What is a key property of nanoparticles that enables genetic engineering
applications?
Chemical reactivity
Electrical conductivity
High surface area to volume ratio
Mechanical strength
67.How might functionalized carbon nanotubes deliver DNA into plant cells?
Puncturing cell membranes
Carriage through plasmodesmata
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Fusion with cell wall
68.What technique can detect transgenic protein expression?
Northern blot
ELISA
Western blot
Mass spectrometry
69.Quantifying transgenic protein levels employs…………..
PCR
Western blot
DNA sequencing
ELISA
70.Transgene transcript levels can be quantified by……
Western blot
ELISA
QPCR
DNA sequencing
